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213359. （2023•西安中学•高一下期中） - Recent research discovered that a low-cost computer training program can help older persons drive less dangerously.
   "We developed a training program，called Drive Aware，which could be used by anyone who has a computer，" says Jing Feng，co-author of the study and a professor of psychology at NC State. "Drive Aware is a cognitive （认知的） training program for older persons that helps them notice traffic risks more effectively.The purpose of our recent study was to see how much Drive Aware changes trainees' driving behaviors once they get behind the wheel."
   The researchers found 27 persons aged 65 and up to test Drive Aware.In a driving simulator （模拟器），all of the study participants （参与者） experienced a basic driving exam.The "active training" group was made up of nine of the study participants.Every two weeks，the active training group had two Drive Aware trainings.A group of nine additional study participants was asked to take "passive training".This group watched videos of others receiving the Drive Aware instruction.This happened twice，with each lasting about a week.The control group，which was made up of the remaining nine study participants，received no training.After that，all 27 study participants performed a second driving exam in the simulator.
   The study participants in the active training group experienced 25% fewer "unsafe incidents （事件）" following the training，according to the researchers.There was no obvious change in the number of dangerous incidents among study participants in the passive training and control groups.
   "This testing was done with a fairly limited number of study participants，" Feng says. "If we can succeed in getting the fund，we'd like to further our testing with more people to clearly prove how effective this training is at reducing accidents among older drivers."

（1）What does the underlined phrase "get behind the wheel" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Take a risk.
B．Start a program.
C．Drive a car.
D．Use a computer.
（2）What was the "passive training" group required to do？
A．Experience no training.
B．Receive two Drive Aware trainings.
C．Take three driving tests.
D．Observe videos of Drive Aware trainings.
（3）How did the researchers arrive at their testing result？
A．By quoting former figures.
B．By investigating car accidents.
C．By operating the driving simulator.
D．By comparing participants' performances.
（4）What is Feng's attitude towards the testing？
A．Unclear.
B．Worried.
C．Positive.
D．Doubtful.

共享时间:2023-05-16 难度:5

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科普知识，说明文，细节理解，推理判断，词句猜测，观点态度，

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[解析]

（1）词句猜测题。根据第二段The purpose of our recent study was to see how much Drive Aware changes trainees' driving behaviors once they get behind the wheel.（我们最近的这项研究的目的是要表明Drive Aware这个程序在他们一旦___的时候，能改变多少被培训者的开车行为。）可知，get behind the wheel是动词短语，是被培训者的行为。根据第一段Recent research discovered that a low﹣cost computer training program can help older persons drive less dangerously.（最近研究发现，一个造价低的电脑培训项目可以帮助老年人开车时不那么危险。）可知，这项研究的对象是开车的老年人，目的是要减少他们开车的危险性。所以，这些研究是要在老年人开车的时候做的。即划线词组get behind the wheel应该是"开车"的意思。A.Take a risk冒险；B.Start a program启动程序；C.Drive a car开车；D.Use a computer使用电脑。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段This group watched videos of others receiving the Drive Aware instruction.（这一组看其他接受Drive Aware指导的人的录像。）可知，passive training（被动训练）的这组人是看人家被培训的录像。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段The study participants in the active training group experienced 25% fewer "unsafe incidents （事件）" following the training，according to the researchers.There was no obvious change in the number of dangerous incidents among study participants in the passive training and control groups.（研究者们说，在接受积极的训练的那一组的参与者在训练之后经历了少25%的不安全事件。而被动训练和控制组的人在危险事件上没有明显的数据的变化。）可知，研究者们是通过对比参与者们的表现来得出他们的结果的。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段If we can succeed in getting the fund，we'd like to further our testing with more people to clearly prove how effective this training is at reducing accidents among older drivers.（如果我们能获得资金，我们更愿意让更多的人来做更深入的测试，这样就可以清楚的证明这项培训在减少老年人司机的车祸方面是多么的有效了。）可知，冯对未来的测试是很积极乐观的态度。A.Unclear不清楚的；B.Worried担心的；C.Positive积极的；D.Doubtful怀疑的。故选C。

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本题考查了"科普知识，说明文，细节理解，推理判断，词句猜测，观点态度，"，属于"压轴题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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201865. （2024•西安一中•三模）     Fossils （化石），the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history.The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
    The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
    As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment （沉积层）.Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments.This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
    Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process.It involves the infiltration （过滤） of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains.Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers.The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
    Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals.For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure.Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
    The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.

（1）What is the role of fossils in the modern times？        ?
A．To help protect our environment.
B．To help explore the function of the Earth.
C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe.
D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms.
（2）Which of the following is the first step of fossilization？        ?
A．The quick pressure caused by rocks.
B．The quick transformation of the remains.
C．The rapid burial of the remains.
D．The mix of groundwater and minerals.
（3）How can a good copy of organisms form？        ?
A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material.
B．By groundwater moving through them.
C．By accumulating more pressure on them.
D．By creating a protective environment.
（4）What's the text mainly about？        ?
A．The importance of fossils.
B．The process of fossilization.
C．The evolution of ancient animals.
D．The preservation of the remains.

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:1.33

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201569. （2025•西工大附中•十一模）     The ability to connect an event with its consequences-experts use the term associative learning-is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment.Recent findingow that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area.This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders，which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life.
    Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups：babies（0-3），primary school children （6-12），teenagers（13-19），and adults.Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks.Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability.
    The research team was amazed by the results：""We'd initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age，"says Dr.Carolin Konrad.However，there was a clear peak in performance at primary school："Children at this age achieved the best results，learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior." Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies，they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children.
    It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups.Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions，whereas adultowed minimal progress.This finding highlights the"sensitive period"phenomenon-the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.
    The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary."This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns，"concludes Konrad. "Early identification of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks."

（1）Which is an example of associative learning？
A.A baby grasps an object placed in its hand.
B.A student works harder after getting good grades.
C.A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket.
D.A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints.
（2）What were the participants required to do in the experiments？
A.Identify the relationship between different groups.
B.Watch and record their own performance over time.
C.Assess their learning progress during the sessions.
D.Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks.
（3）What surprised the researchers about associative learning？
A.Adults possessed greater adaptability.
B.Primary schoolers outperformed others.
C.Teenagers peaked in learning performance.
D.Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge.
（4）Why is the"sensitive period"phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4？
A.To show learning ability differences across all ages.
B.To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way.
C.To stress the significance of learning during childhood.
D.To demonstrate the brain's ability to adapt in adulthood.

共享时间:2025-06-18 难度:2 相似度:1.33

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201789. （2024•西安中学•五模）     Research has found that using wood for construction instead of concrete and steel can reduce emissions.But Tim Searchinger at Princeton University says many of these studies are based on the false foundation that harvesting wood is carbon neutral （碳中和）. "Only a small percentage of the wood gets into a timber （木料） product，and a part of that gets into a timber product that can replace concrete and steel in a building，" he says.Efficiencies vary in different countries，but large amounts of a harvested tree are left to be divided into parts，used in short-lived products like paper or burned for energy，all of which generate emissions.
    In a report for the World Resources Institute，Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050，accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood.They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction.They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.
    Under some circumstances，the researchers found significant emissions reductions.But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction，as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places，like Brazil.In general，they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades.Accounting for emissions in this way，the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
    Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report's conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct，but the story is different for wood we already harvest. "Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions，" he says. "We cannot just say we should stop using wood."

（1）What is wrong with previous researches according to Searchinger？
A．They got wrong statistics.
B．They used an incorrect concept.
C．They included too many factors.
D．They were applied in limited countries.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？
A．The process of the new research.
B．The background of the new study.
C．The challenge of the new research.
D．The achievements of the new study.
（3）When will the emissions drop off greatly according to the new study？
A．When wood grows slowly.
B．When wood is used to make paper.
C．When wood is used to build a house.
D．When wood is harvested in countries like Brazil.
（4）What is Ali Amiri's attitude toward the new result？
A．Favorable.
B．Doubtful.
C．Critical.
D．Objective.

共享时间:2024-05-08 难度:2 相似度:1.33

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201760. （2024•西安中学•三模）     If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal（夜间活动）species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
    The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.
    In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze（霾）that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.
    We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
    Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.
    Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

（1）According to the passage，human beings         .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
（2）What does the underlined word "it" （Paragraph 1）most probably refer to？
A.The night.
B.The moon.
C.The sky.
D.The planet.
（3）The writer mentions birds and frogs to         .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？
A.The Magic Light
B.The Orange Haze
C.The Disappearing Night
D.The Rhythms of Nature

共享时间:2024-04-15 难度:2 相似度:1.33

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201827. （2024•西安中学•九模）     The view you adopt for yourself significantly affects the way you lead your life.It can determine whether you become the person you want to be and whether you achieve the things you value.How does this happen？How can a simple belief have the power to transform your psychology and，as a result，your life？
    Believing that your qualities are carved in stone-the fixed mindset-create s an urgency to prove yourself over and over.Some of us are trained in this mindset from an early age.Even as a child，I was focused on being smart，but the fixed mindset was really stamped in by Mrs Wilson，my sixth grade teacher.She believed that people's IQ scores told the whole story of who they were.We were seated around the room in IQ order，and only the highest-IQ students could be trusted to collect homework，or take a note to the principal.She was creating a mindset in which everyone in the class had one consuming goal—look smart，don't look stupid.
    I've seen so many people with this consuming goal of proving themselves—in the classroom，in their careers，and in their relationships.Every situation calls for a confirmation of their intelligence，personality，or character.Every situation is evaluated：Will I succeed or fail？Will I look smart or stupid？Will I feel like a winner or a loser？
    But doesn't our society value intelligence，personality，and character？Isn't it normal to want these qualities？Yes，but...
    There's another mindset，the growth mindset，which is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can develop through your efforts.Everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience.Did you know that Darwin and Tolstoy were considered ordinary children？That the photographer Cindy Sherman，who has been on almost every list of the most important artists of the twentieth century，failed her first photography course？
    You can see how the belief that valuable qualities can be developed creates a passion for learning.Why waste time proving how great you are，when you could be getting better？Why hide weaknesses instead of overcoming them？The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it，even when it's not going well，is the feature of the growth mindset.This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives.

（1）What is the author's attitude toward Mrs Wilson's way of teaching？
A.Unconcerned.
B.Sceptical.
C.Supportive.
D.Neutral.
（2）According to paragraph 5，the example of Darwin and Tolstoy shows that        .
A.success has nothing to do with natural gifts
B.achievements can be gained through hard work
C.It's difficult to predict one's future success
D.One single outcome defines our ability
（3）The author strongly believes that we should        .
A.carry out an honest evaluation of our qualities
B.See success as a proof of intelligence or talent
C.Focus on self-development rather than self-proving
D.Believe good things will happen during difficult times
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to        .
A.explain the differences between two mindsets
B.persuade people to adopt the right mindset
C.inform people of the influence of the mindset
D.advise people to access their mindset

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:4 相似度:1.25

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201968. （2023•长安区•一模） Electronic sensors built into paper could be used in a range of ways from information storage to touch screens and more.
   Electronic sensors built into cartons（纸盒）may make it easier to tell when it's time to throw out rotten milk or orange juice.And that's just the start.At least that's the goal for researchers working on putting electronics into paper.They're trying to figure out how to combine the flexibility，low-cost and recyclability of paper with the information-carrying ability of electronics.
   Daniel Torbjork，a physics graduate student in Finland，has been working on the problem.He's published a review of the field in the journal Advanced Materials.
   Much research has been focused in this area.While most electronic applications require patterned conducting structures，conductive paper could be used in applications such as energy storage devices，sensors，electric heaters and others，according to Torbjork.
   "You could even have some interactive functions in magazines，" Torbjork said，"You could put a simple game in a package.If you want a touch screen，press a button and then something happen.Sensors in paper could tell us when something has gone bad."
   Additional applications，such as information storage and security paper，have been suggested for magnetic papers containing magnetite.In Massachusetts，researchers have figured out how to post a video of such a device put into a paper airplane.
   German researchers have also put electronic chips in paper bank notes to defend counter-feiters（造伪币者）.Paper is a good material but printing electronics also requires low-cost manufacturing.As many US and European paper makers lose market share to cheaper paper from China，these big paper companies are looking for added value products.That's where electronic paper devices could make a difference.
   "The major obstacles are paper's large surface roughness and chemical impurities." Torbjork says.But others in the field think that electronic sensors in paper are still far from the consumer marketplace.
   "I don't think it's going to happen." said Roy Horgan. "You need a conductive surface.It could be 10 years out.What we are looking for are solutions that you can commercialize today."
   Solar Print is partnering with Italian automaker Fiat to develop a unique auto-glass with tiny photostatic cells（光电）that can capture electricity from the sun.In the meantime，using paper to conduct electricity is still a "blue-sky" project.
   "I would love to see someone prove me wrong，because that means that it's actually happening." Horgan said. "If someone comes up with conductive paper，then that's a very interesting technology."

（1）Putting electronics into paper will        .
A．cut the cost and impurity of paper
B．depend on flexible conductive structure
C．help consume rotten milk or orange juice
D．combine the advantages of paper and electronics
（2）Paragraphs 4 to 7 mainly talk about the         of the conductive paper.
A．theories
B．structures
C．practical use
D．design process
（3）Some paper makers welcome the new technology probably because it will         .
A．add more value to paper
B．make the paper smoother
C．put an end to fake money
D．improve the printing technology
（4）From the passage，we know that Roy Horgan        .
A．has a burning desire to make a great profit
B．started a "blue-sky" project to study paper
C．is not confident about the conductive paper
D．showed much interest in Solar Print industry

共享时间:2023-03-05 难度:1 相似度:1.17

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201693. （2024•西工大附中•模拟） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor．
    The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds．No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles．In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent．
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick Mclntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study．Woodcutters targeted big trees．Housing development pushed into the woods．Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）．
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development．
    The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）．
   Since the 1930s，Mclntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season．

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California．
B．The increasing variety of California big trees．
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests．
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California．
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests．
B．Banning woodcutting．
C．Limiting housing development．
D．Fire control measures．
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt．
B．A longer dry season．
C．A warmer climate．
D．Dampness of the air．
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon．
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick Mclntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2024-03-05 难度:1 相似度:1.17

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201826. （2024•西安中学•九模） In February of 1942，Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido thought he heard thunder coming from his cornfield.However，the sound wasn't coming from the sky.The source was a large smoking break sending out gas and pushing out rocks.This opening would come to be known as the volcano Paricutin，and over the next 9 years，its lava and ash would cover over 200 square km.But where did this new volcano come from，and what caused its unpredictable eruption？
   One of the most common causes of an eruption is an increase in magmastatic（静磁）pressure.Magma（岩浆）contains various elements and compounds.At high enough concentrations，compounds like water or sulfur（硫）form high-pressure gas bubbles.When these balls of gas reach the surface，they can burst with the force of a gunshot.And when millions of bubbles explode，the energy can send ash into the air.But before they pop or burst，they act like bubbles of CO₂ in a shaken soda.
   Not all eruptions are due to rising magmastatic pressure- sometimes the weight of the rock above can become dangerously low.Landslides can remove massive quantities of rock from atop a magma chamber or room，dropping the pressure and instantly touching off an eruption.This process is known as "unloading" and it's been responsible for numerous eruptions，including the sudden explosion of Mount St.Helens in 1980.But unloading can also happen over longer periods of time due heating ice or melting glaciers.In fact，many geologists are worried that glacial melt caused by climate change could increase volcanic activity.
   Unfortunately，knowing what causes eruptions doesn't make them easy to predict.While scientists can roughly determine the strength and weight of the Earth's crust（地壳），the depth and heat of magma chambers makes measuring changes in magmastatic pressure very difficult.But volcanologists are constantly exploring new technology to overcome this rocky field.Advances in thermal imaging（热成像）have allowed scientists to detect underground hotspots.Spectrometers can analyze gases escaping magma.Hopefully，these tools will help us better understand these gas breaks and their explosive eruptions.

（1）Why does the author mention the story of a farmer in the first paragraph？
A．To show the power of volcano eruption.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To introduce the volcano Paricutin.
D．To explain the reason.
（2）What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．The bubbles of CO₂ .
B．The ash of the volcano.
C．Gas bubbles of compounds.
D．The elements of a soda.
（3）Which of the following is true about the eruption of Mount St.Helens？
A．Landslideould be responsible for its eruption.
B．It began to explode over a long period of time.
C．The process of "unloading" occurred after its explosion.
D．The weight of the rock above it increased as to cause its eruption.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Scientists can determine the eruption of volcano in advance.
B．It is quite difficult to measure the weight of the Earth's crust.
C．Spectrometers can help scientists to detect underground hotspots.
D．Scientists are positive about further study of volcano eruption.

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:1 相似度:1.17

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201692. （2024•西工大附中•模拟） It happened to me recently．I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President．A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，"a brilliantly （精彩地）written book"．However，he then went on to talk about Mr．Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all．I sensed that I was talking to a book liar．
And it seems that my friend is not the only one．Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't．In the World Book Day's"Report on Guilty Secrets"，Dreams From My Father is at number 9．The report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as I'm not one to lie too often （I'd hate to be caught out），I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten．But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the book at number one，George Orwell's 1984．I think it's really brilliant．
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it．It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen，Charles Dickens，Fyodor Dostoevsky （I haven't read him，but haven't lied about it either） and Herman Melville．
Asked why they lied，the most common reason was to"impress"someone they were speaking to．This could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth!
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named J．K．Rowling，John Grisham，Sophie Kinsella （ah，the big sellers，in other words）．Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （I'll come clean：I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）．

（1）How did the author find his friend a book liar？        ．
A．By judging his manner of speaking．
B．By looking into his background．
C．By mentioning a famous name．
D．By discussing the book itself．
（2）Which of the following is a"guilty secret"according to the World Book Day report？        ．
A．Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list．
B．42% of people pretended to have read 1984．
C．The author admitted having read 9 books．
D．Dreams From My Father is hardly read．
（3）By lying about reading，a person hopes to        ．
A．control the conversation
B．appear knowledgeable
C．learn about the book
D．make more friends
（4）What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers？        ．
A．Favorable
B．Uncaring
C．Doubtful
D．Friendly．

共享时间:2024-03-05 难度:3 相似度:1

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201882. （2024•周至县•一模）     Chloe Ricketts is only 15 years old，but she's already signed a professional contract with the Washington Spirit soccer team.That makes her the youngest player ever to sign with the National Women's Soccer League （NWSL）.
   Chloe began working out with the Washington Spirit team in January.She trained with the team in Florida and Virginia.During training，Chloe impressed the team's managers with her ability to compete with the other professional players，which led the team to offer her the contract.
   For her part，Chloe says the chance to play for the Washington Spirit is "a dream come true".Chloe is from Dexter，Michigan.She started playing soccer when she was seven.She claims that at the time，she was "the worst on the team".However，she improved through hard work，extra training，and staying late after practice.It didn't take her long to begin moving up in the soccer world.
   In 2021，she played on a girls team，which went to the national finals of the Elite Clubs National League.She also played on a boys team，the 2007 Boys Ann Arbor Tigers，which won the Michigan State Cup that year.In January of 2022，Chloe signed with AFC Ann Arbor — a team that's part of USL League Two.USL League Two helps develop players for the NWSL.When she joined AFC Ann Arbor，Chloe was just 14 — the youngest player ever to join the club.
   Now，ae joins Washington Spirit，Chloe is in the 10th grade.While she is playing with the team，Chloe will continue to go to school online.But Chloe isn't the first 15-year-old to play for the NWSL.The NWSL used to have a rule saying that no one under the age of 18 could join its teams.But in 2021，another 15-year-old，Olivia Moultrie，took the league to court.

（1）What made the Washington Spirit soccer team sign a contract with Chloe？
A．Her skills.
B．Her experience.
C．Her character.
D．Her reputation.
（2）Which of the following words can best describe Chloe？
A．Careful.
B．Easy-going.
C．Far-sighted.
D．Hard-working.
（3）On which team did Chloe win the Michigan State Cup？
A．AFC Ann Arbor.
B．USL League Two.
C．The 2007 Boys Ann Arbor Tigers.
D．The Elite Clubs National League.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Washington Spirit revised a rule to take in Chloe.
B．Olivia Moultrie took the lead in Washington Spirit.
C．Chloe values her education during playing football.
D．Chloe's participation makes her team much stronger.

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:4 相似度:0.83

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201941. （2023•西安四十八中•一模） Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue，but these gains are fragile，a new study suggests.Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.
   "It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it，" said Thomas Wood，associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. "But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people's frame of reference very quickly."
   Resultowed that accurate science reporting didn't persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinionifted by reading accurate articles.The study involved 2，898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.
   In the first wave，they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change.In the second and third waves，they read either another scientific article，an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science，or an article on an unrelated subjeet.In the fourth wave，the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.
   To rate participants' scientific understanding.the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause.To measure their attitudes，researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.
   "What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again.If they only hear it once，it recedes very quickly，" Wood said.It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups，including those who originally rejected climate change.But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.

（1）What does the underlined word "recedes" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Increases.
B．Graduates.
C．Disappears.
D．Strikes.
（2）What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us？
A．The research object.
B．The research result.
C．The research purpose.
D．The research procedure.
（3）Why did researchers ask participants the second question？
A．To survey the government's satisfaction rate.
B．To make an assessment on their attitudes.
C．To teach them scientific understanding.
D．To measure action on climate change.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds
B．Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment
C．Accurate Science Reporting Don't Persuade Only Politicians
D．People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change

共享时间:2023-03-01 难度:2 相似度:0.67

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201950. （2023•周至县•三模） Without cracking a single textbook，without spending a day in medical school，the co-author of a preprint study correctly answered enough questions that it would have passed the real US Medical Licensing Examination.But the test-taker wasn't a member of Mensa or a medical specialist；it was the artificial intelligence ChatGPT.The tool，which was created to answer user questions in a conversational manner，has generated so much buzz that doctors and scientists are trying to determine what its limitations are and what it could do for health and medicine.
   The medical licensing exam is generally considered one of the toughest of any profession because it not only tests basic science，medical knowledge，but also assesses clinical reasoning，ethics （道德观念），critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
   The AI passed all the parts of the exam without any specialized training，showing a high level of insight in its explanations.This greatly impressed Dr.Victor Tseng，a medical director of the California-based group and a co-author of the study. "Googling the answer is very difficult，" he explained. "Because there're a lot of red herrings on the Internet.It might take hours to get an accurate answer." But ChatGPT was able to do it within five seconds.
   The results of the medical licensing exam study were even written up with the help of ChatGPT.However，the journal Nature created guidelines that said no such program could be credited as an author because "any authorship carries with it accountability for the work，and AI tools cannot take such responsibility." Actually，AI is only as good as the information it's fed，and with so much inaccurate information available online about things like COVID-19 vaccines，it could use that to generate inaccurate results.
   Tseng said he ultimately thinks ChatGPT can enhance medical practice，but won't replace doctors.Tseng's group will continue to test it to learn why it creates certain errors and what other ethical factors need to be put in place before using it for real.
   "AI is here.The doors are open，" Tseng said. "I firmly believe that it will actually make me and make us as physicians and providers better."

（1）What can ChatGPT possibly do according to paragraph 1？
A．Study in medical school.
B．Start an online conversation.
C．Conduct a study independently.
D．Pass a challenging examination.
（2）What does underlined words "red herrings" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Appealing topics.
B．Efficient helpers.
C．Hidden resources.
D．Distracting facts.
（3）According to Nature，ChatGPT can't be listed as an author because        .
A．it has invented all the data based on inaccurate information
B．it doesn't actively create and is not responsible for the work
C．it doesn't have a bank account and can't receive payment
D．it has failed to demonstrate problem-solving skills
（4）What is Tseng's attitude towards the future of ChatGPT？
A．Interested yet doubtful.
B．Disinterested and calm.
C．Confident yet cautious.
D．Critical and disappointed.

共享时间:2023-04-15 难度:2 相似度:0.67

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201949. （2023•周至县•三模） A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
    The study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities，analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
    Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data.However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
    In particular，researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Tuner，Monet，and others' works，even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
    Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature，focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.Generally，artists can historically accurately represent their environment，so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution，when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
    Additionally，researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted，the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era，they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.

（1）What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet？
A．Change in subject matter.
B．Air pollution at that time.
C．Social trends of the period.
D．Development of photography.
（2）The researchers conduct the study by        .
A．referring to relevant historical records
B．comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet
C．relating the paintings to the air conditions then
D．analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 5？
A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A．To inform people of a new discovery.
B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution.
D．To call on people to protect the environment.

共享时间:2023-04-15 难度:2 相似度:0.67

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201948. （2023•周至县•三模） A smile is the key to a thousand doors，but deploying （有效利用）it in every situation without mastery of its use is dangerous，says a new social science study.
   Scientists say it takes a great many muscles to smile；scientists at Queen's University Belfast in a recent study found that subtle（细微的）differences in the way in which a person smiled had not-so-subtle impacts on the opinions which the test participants had about the smiler. "Smiling at another person does not always lead to trust and cooperation，" said Dr.Stephanie Carpenter from the University of Michigan，a co-author of the study. "Subtle differences in a smile can definitely have a real impact on whether people trust each other and choose to cooperate.In fact，the way you smile in a good or bad situation can impact whether people trust you.
   "Think about movie villains（恶棍），for example in James Bond films，" said Dr.Magdalena Rychlowska from Queen's University，who led the research published in Cognition and Emotion journal. "They often make happy smiles when something bad has happened or is about to happen.This context makes these otherwise happy and normal smiles feel threatening and unpleasant." She adds，"The findings of this study show the power of subtle facial expressions and the positive consequences that an affiliation smile can have in difficult situations.It also highlights the importance of social context-a happy smile that could be read as a signal of trustworthiness in one setting can，but in another setting，it can be seen as the evidence of bad intentions."
   Mastery of the smile then，can be an excellent way of getting out of difficult social situations，while the lack thereof can be an excellent way of getting into one.

（1）Which of the following about smiling is right according to the passage？
A．Deploying smiling is very dangerous in every situation.
B．Subtle difference in smiling has little impact.
C．The way you smile will impact whether you can be trusted.
D．Smiling will always lead to trust and cooperation.
（2）How did the author explain subtle differences in a smile？
A．By using numbers and giving examples.
B．By giving examples and citing scientific proof.
C．By giving examples and making a comparison.
D．By making a comparison and citing scientific proof.
（3）What can be learn from the study of smiling？
A．A happy smile can always be read as a signal of trustworthiness.
B．People always make happy smiles when something bad has happened.
C．Mastering the smile can help you avoid troubles.
D．Subtle facial expressions have positive consequences.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．The advantages of smiling
B．The impact of smiling
C．A trusting smile
D．Subtle differences in smiling

共享时间:2023-04-15 难度:2 相似度:0.67

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201845. （2024•西安一中•二模）     A carbon footprint is only one component of the broader ecological footprint.An ecological footprint compares the population's consumption of resources and land with the planet's ability to regenerate.The Earth's ecological footprint is currently 23 percent over capacity.It takes about one year and two months to regenerate what we consume in a year.
    Carbon footprints help people keep track of changes.Because footprints quantify an amount of carbon that increases or decreases based on energy use，they let people know that a new hybrid car or home insulation （隔离） helps.Transportation accounts for 33 percent of CO₂ emissions in the United States，so many people try to lower their mileage （里程）.Some walk or bike whenever possible；others take public transport.Home energyuse accounts for 21 percent of U.S.CO₂ emissions，so it helps to have an efficient home.Setting the thermostat （恒温器） at a moderate temperature and installing double-paned windows lowers energy costs.
    Of course，individual efforts can go only so far.Cutting CO₂ and other greenhouse gases down to safer levels requires significant government regulation.Lessening carbon footprints does let people see where they are and how they can change.Those who want to accept personal responsibility for their emissions can track their own reductions and change their habits.
    Because carbon calculators ask for only rough estimates，it's easy for investigators to approximate the footprints of celebrities and politicians.Analysts hope to uncover high-profile figures，especially those who promote environmentalism.Although performer Madonna and other celebrities have been accused of flying frequently，former vice president Al Gore has drawn the harshest accusations.The Gores' spokesperson did not deny that but emphasized that the couple subscribes to green power.

（1）How long can the Earth produce what we need in a year？        ?
A.2 months.
B.12 months.
C.14 months.
D.23 months.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？        ?
A.Why people are worried about CO₂ emissions.
B.How individuals can help to lower CO₂ emissions.
C.Where most CO₂ emissions come from in the United States.
D.What measures have been taken to cut down CO₂ emissions.
（3）What is still needed to cut greenhouse gases down to safer levels？        ?
A.The participation of the public.
B.The development of new equipment.
C.The changes of our living habits.
D.The powerful efforts of the government.
（4）Why do investigators estimate the footprints of famous people easily？        ?
A.Because they have mastered methods.
B.Because it doesn't call for much accuracy.
C.Because famous people are easy to approach.
D.Because new technology has advanced greatly.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:0.67

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ms@dyw.com

2023-05-16

高中英语 | 高一下 | 阅读理解

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