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204622. （2023•高新一中•高二上期末） Dreams，according to Carl Jung，reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness.In Jungian philosophy，the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives.While Jung's mystical theories are debatable，he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming.A growing number of reportow that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
   This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic （新陈代谢的） systems，let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns，which has long-term consequences on our memory system.One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM （Rapid Eye Movement） sleep，the stage in which we dream，the mice couldn't strengthen memories.
   You might think this is just a sleep problem，but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest.We sleep in cycles，each lasting about 90 minutes；in a sleep cycle，we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM.As the night progresses，REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep （one of the stages of non-REM sleep） decreases.The longer we sleep，the more time we spend in REM，which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning.If we sleep less than seven hours，however，it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.
   The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer.We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly.However，we're not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant （抗抑郁剂） — dreams.Instead，we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep，which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
   We're paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways.For example，a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep，REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration （整合） of unassociated information.Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions.
   Rowan Hooper，the managing editor at New Scientist，writes that dreams that include an "emotional core" appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits.

（1）What's Carl Jung's view about dreams？
A．They cause chaos.
B．They damage immunity.
C．They reveal secrets.
D．They mirror reality.
（2）Why is the sleep process explained in paragraph 3？
A．To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep.
B．To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours.
C．To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached.
D．To show people often dream when waking up in the morning.
（3）What conclusion can be inferred from paragraph 5？
A．REM sleep promotes creativity.
B．REM sleep helps fight depression.
C．The brain still receives new information during REM sleep.
D．The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B．The absence of dreams is terrible for us.
C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize.
D．Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.

共享时间:2023-02-08 难度:5

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科普知识，说明文，细节理解，主旨大意，推理判断，

[答案]

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[解析]

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Dreams，according to Carl Jung，reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness.In Jungian philosophy，the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. （根据卡尔•荣格的说法，梦揭示了在清醒意识中隐藏的一定数量的现实。在荣格哲学中，梦中经历的冲突和混乱最终给我们的生活带来了秩序）可知，卡尔•荣格认为梦反映事实。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段You might think this is just a sleep problem，but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. （你可能认为这只是睡眠问题，但做梦与夜间休息是分不开的）以及The longer we sleep，the more time we spend in REM，which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning.If we sleep less than seven hours，however，it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM. （我们睡得越久，在快速眼动阶段（做梦）的时间就越多，这就是为什么我们早上醒来时经常做梦。然而，如果我们的睡眠时间少于7小时，就很难达到这种程度的快速眼动）可知，第三段解释睡眠过程，是为了证明做梦问题和睡眠问题是联系在一起的。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions. （经历了更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更善于解决需要创造性解决方案的问题）可知，经历更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更有创造力。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段While Jung's mystical theories are debatable，he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming.A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways. （虽然荣格的神秘主义理论是有争议的，但他对做梦的重要性的认识并没有错。越来越多的报告显示，持续缺乏做梦正在从很多方面损害我们清醒的时间）并结合全文可知，文章主要讲了不做梦对于我们来说是可怕的。故选B。

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本题考查了"科普知识，说明文，细节理解，主旨大意，推理判断，"，属于"压轴题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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204318. （2023•未央区•高一上期末） Li Ting，15，from Shanghai，was preparing a talk on some western festivals.She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentations.Wu Qiong，her classmate，was doing his chemistry homework carefully.But he couldn't work out the last problem even he tried his best.So he took out his mobile phone，opened a special app，and searched the problem.Solutions soon appeared on the screen in several seconds.
   Nowadays，many students do homework online with the help of the Internet.They search online，use apps or discuss through QQ and WeChat.
   "It's convenient.You don't have to wait for your teacher to explain it to you face to face，" according to Wu. "You can also learn by seeing how others work them out.What's more，it improves students' abilities.And it's especially true for new kinds of homework.I am quite skilled at finding information online and using Microsoft Office."
   However，this trend （趋势） also causes problems.Some lazy students just copy the answers online without thinking.Even some ask their classmates to do homework for them.And their teacher may not know the fact.
   Anyhow，knowing how to use the Internet is important.The key is to have good self-control.When you come across a difficult problem，think about it by yourself first.Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the Internet，or you won't make progress.It he are not sure about your self-control，ask your parents for help.

（1）Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet to        .
A．play games
B．make friends
C．take exams
D．search information
（2）According to Wu，he thinks        .
A．the new learning way is difficult
B．studentould use the new learning way
C．studentould study with the teacher face to face
D．students can copy others' homework online
（3）When a student uses the Internet，he must        .
A．have an app
B．have a mobile phone
C．ask his parents for help
D．have good self-control
（4）What's the main idea about the passage？
A．How to learn a language
B．How to do homework
C．What's the new way of learning
D．What's a new computer app

共享时间:2023-02-17 难度:5 相似度:1.6

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202596. （2021•高陵一中•二模） Honeybees can't swim，and when their wings are wet，they can't fly，either.But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water，they can use their wings to produce little waves and slide toward land—like surfers（冲浪者） who create and then ride their own waves.
As with many scientific advances - Isaac Newton's apple or Benjamin Franklin's lightning bolt — Dr.Roh's experiment began with a walk.Passing Caltech's Millikan Pond in 2016，he observed a bee on the water's surface producing waves.He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself

through water.
Dr.Roh and his co-worker，Morteza Gharib，used butterfly nets to collect local Pasadena honeybees and observed their surf-like movements.The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee's bodily movement，allowing close examination of their wings.They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle，pulling up water and producing a forward force.Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air.But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down.It's a tough exercise for the bees，which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.
The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn't been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic（半水生的） insects use their legs for propulsion，which is known as water-walking.It may have evolved in bees，they predicted.
Dr.Roh and Dr.Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees' surfing.One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea."This could be useful for search and rescues，or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean，if you can't send a boat or helicopter，"Dr.Gharib said.
（1）What does the author intend to show by mentioning Newton and Franklin？
A．Roh's admiration for them.
B．Roh's chance discovery about bees.
C．Their outstanding talent for science.
D．Their similar achievements in discovery.
（2）What plays the most vital role in a bee's moving forward on water？
A．The air weight.
B．Its leg extension.
C．The water movement.
D．Its continuous wingbeat.
（3）What does the underlined word "propulsion" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Fast flight.
B．Driving force.
C．Pulling speed.
D．Explosive power.
（4）According to the last Paragraph，which of the following isn't the practical applications for bees' surfing？
A．Designing robots with the ability to travel across both sky and sea.
B．Rescuing ships or saving sailors trapped in the ocean.
C．Acquiring knowledge of moving samples of the surface of the ocean.
D．Making helicopters in the shape of bees.
（5）What does the text mainly tell us？
A．Honeybees can surf to safety.
B．Bees help scientists make inventions.
C．Insects can adapt to the environment.
D．Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.

共享时间:2021-03-28 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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202539. （2021•西安中学•八模） A new study，published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology，found that communication interactions that included voice，like a phone call or video chat，created stronger social bonds than communication through typing，like text messaging or email.
   In the study，researchers used various experiments to gauge（测量） connectedness.In one，they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other.Although people anticipated（预料） that a phone call would be more awkward，hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better.However，people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email，and they did not feel more awkward.
   In another experiment，the researchers had strangers connected by either texting，talking over video chat，or talking using only audio.They found that both forms of voice communication - whether video or audio only - made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.
   Sabrina Romanoff，a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City，says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience，as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can "correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person."
   Romanoff says that in reality，texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation.A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message.Each party is more present，and therefore，able to gauge the meaning behind the content without ruminating （认真思考） on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.

（1）What is the purpose of the study？
A．To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking.
B．To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.
C．To demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls.
D．To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing.
（2）Which way will make you feel more connected if you miss a friend far away？
A．Typing a letter.
B．Sending an email.
C．Having a video chat.
D．Texting a message.
（3）What does "a controlled form of communication" refer to in Paragraph 4？
A．A way to talk about controlled topics.
B．A way to communicate without time limit.
C．A way to explain something without delay.
D．A way to express thoughts without being disturbed.
（4）What advantage does making phone calls over texting？
A．Being more formal.
B．Being less awkward.
C．Being more straightforward.
D．Being less expensive.

共享时间:2021-06-18 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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201760. （2024•西安中学•三模）     If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal（夜间活动）species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
    The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.
    In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze（霾）that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.
    We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
    Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.
    Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

（1）According to the passage，human beings         .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
（2）What does the underlined word "it" （Paragraph 1）most probably refer to？
A.The night.
B.The moon.
C.The sky.
D.The planet.
（3）The writer mentions birds and frogs to         .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？
A.The Magic Light
B.The Orange Haze
C.The Disappearing Night
D.The Rhythms of Nature

共享时间:2024-04-15 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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201789. （2024•西安中学•五模）     Research has found that using wood for construction instead of concrete and steel can reduce emissions.But Tim Searchinger at Princeton University says many of these studies are based on the false foundation that harvesting wood is carbon neutral （碳中和）. "Only a small percentage of the wood gets into a timber （木料） product，and a part of that gets into a timber product that can replace concrete and steel in a building，" he says.Efficiencies vary in different countries，but large amounts of a harvested tree are left to be divided into parts，used in short-lived products like paper or burned for energy，all of which generate emissions.
    In a report for the World Resources Institute，Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050，accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood.They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction.They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.
    Under some circumstances，the researchers found significant emissions reductions.But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction，as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places，like Brazil.In general，they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades.Accounting for emissions in this way，the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
    Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report's conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct，but the story is different for wood we already harvest. "Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions，" he says. "We cannot just say we should stop using wood."

（1）What is wrong with previous researches according to Searchinger？
A．They got wrong statistics.
B．They used an incorrect concept.
C．They included too many factors.
D．They were applied in limited countries.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？
A．The process of the new research.
B．The background of the new study.
C．The challenge of the new research.
D．The achievements of the new study.
（3）When will the emissions drop off greatly according to the new study？
A．When wood grows slowly.
B．When wood is used to make paper.
C．When wood is used to build a house.
D．When wood is harvested in countries like Brazil.
（4）What is Ali Amiri's attitude toward the new result？
A．Favorable.
B．Doubtful.
C．Critical.
D．Objective.

共享时间:2024-05-08 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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203572. （2025•临潼区•高一上期末）     Your ears are already dark，wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria （细菌）.It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria.
    Actually，a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent （频繁的） use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus，a common skin bacterium.And in 1992，a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda，Maryland in the US，found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour.
    As unpleasant as this sounds，there is no need to worry about it.The headphones in the second study were clean before use，so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms.
    Also，this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria.The study's authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins.The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play.Furthermore，there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm.A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.
    The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally，and your ear is able to deal with them.However，several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions （擦伤） that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.

（1）What does the underlined word "inviting" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Equal.
B.Attractive.
C.Deadly.
D.Confusing.
（2）Why does the author mention the 2002 study？
A.To support a view.
B.To show a lifestyle.
C.To raise a question.
D.To present a product.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Researchers haven't finished the studies.
B.Listening to music makes us less focused.
C.We can kill harmful bacteria completely.
D.Improper use of headphones harms health.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria
B.Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear
C.Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones
D.Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria

共享时间:2025-02-15 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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203543. （2025•铁一中学•高二上期末）      Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala.Over a period of 12 days，I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade.But looking back on that trip，what I remember most vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City，at a lifeless hotel.Rather than a countdown to midnight，I counted down the hours until my departure.
    Nothing special happened during that night.Rather，the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect."The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest，"said Dr.Mary Poffenroth，a biopsychologist.
    She says it arises from our short-term memory's inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once.So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories，employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
    Dr.Stephanie，a Neuroscientist，says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip's end，you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
    Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire."Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays，lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience，resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful，"Stephanie said.
    To avoid disproportionately（不成比例地） spotlighting the final days，Poffenroth has created a trip.She amplifies（增强） earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded."I collect little bits that will remind me of that day：a subway ticket，a seashell，a cardboard drink with a pub's logo on it."Then，ae is packing on the last day， "I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one，"she said."This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable."

（1）How did the author feel about the New Year's Eve in Guatemala City？
A.It was boring.
B.It was eventful.
C.It was relaxing.
D.It was cheerful.
（2）What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2？
A.It is based on a psychological principle.
B.It is widely used to create lovely memories.
C.It highlights the final part of a series of events.
D.It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
（3）What does the underlined word"backfire"mean in paragraph 4？
A.Be avoided to some extent.
B.Be applied extensively.
C.Produce undesirable consequences.
D.Pose unexpected challenges.
（4）According to Poffenroth，which of the following may help travelers have good memories？
A.Share travel experiences.
B.Recall the final days of a journey.
C.Purchase as many souvenirs as possible.
D.Purposely gather reminders of a journey.

共享时间:2025-03-01 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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204943. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Sea stars can grow new arms.Crayfish can grow new claws.There are interesting creatures that can grow back body parts if accidents happen.However，that is child's play after what researchers saw a sea slug（海蛞蝓） do.
   According to a new discovery by Sayaka Mitoh and her colleagues of Nara Women's University in Japan，two species of sea slugs managed to lose their heads and then began crawling around.Eventually，they grew an entirely new body. "We were surprised to see the head moving just after it was removed，" said Sayaka Mitoh. "We thought that it would die soon without a heart and other important organs，but we were surprised again to find that it regenerated the whole body."
   After the initial discovery，the researchers found that for younger slugs，the detached heads began eating algae within hours.The wound typically closed at the back of the head within days.They started regrowing a heart within a week and the regeneration of the entire body was finished after around three weeks.Older slugs weren't as fortunate.Often the heads didn't feed，so they died in about 10 days.Young or old，the headless bodies never generated a new head.But they did move around and respond to being touched for several days and sometimes months after losing their heads.
   The researchers aren't sure why the sea slugs dropped their heads or how they're able to grow new bodies.They may have parasites（寄生虫） that can hurt reproduction so they are removing their heads in order to also remove the parasites.But the researchers aren't sure what prompts them to know when to cast off the body when they do it.Sayaka Mitoh says they believe there must be cells located in the neck that are similar to stem cells.These are able to regenerate a new body.
   How the heads can survive without a heart and other vital organs is another puzzle.The researchers say these sea slugs fuel their bodies by photosynthesis（光合作用）.They rely on chloroplasts from algae in their own bodies when other food isn't available，a process known as kleptoplasty（盗食质体）.They think this might help them survive long enough to regenerate a body.
   "As the separated body is often active for months，we may be able to study the mechanism and functions of kleptoplasty using living organs，tissues，or even cells，" Sayaka Mitoh said. "Such studies are almost completely lacking，as most studies on kleptoplasty in these animals are done either at the genetic or individual levels."

（1）What surprised Sayaka Mitoh and her colleagues？
A．The sea slug could regrow a new body.
B．The sea slug could remove its own head.
C．The sea slug could survive without oxygen.
D．The headless sea slug could grow a new head.
（2）What happened to older sea slugs after they lost their heads？
A．Their heads survived by eating algae.
B．They healed the wound within ten days.
C．They lost their sense of touch and died soon.
D．Their bodies kept moving around all the time.
（3）What may make sea slugs drop their heads according to researchers？
A．To generate new stem cells.
B．To get rid of parasites.
C．To get away from predators.
D．To end their reproductive cycle.
（4）What is Paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．The process of sea slugs hunting for food.
B．The importance of studying functions of kleptoplasty.
C．The condition for sea slugs to perform photosynthesis.
D．The reason for sea slugs to survive the loss of their bodies.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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201865. （2024•西安一中•三模）     Fossils （化石），the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history.The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
    The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
    As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment （沉积层）.Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments.This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
    Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process.It involves the infiltration （过滤） of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains.Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers.The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
    Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals.For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure.Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
    The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.

（1）What is the role of fossils in the modern times？        ?
A．To help protect our environment.
B．To help explore the function of the Earth.
C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe.
D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms.
（2）Which of the following is the first step of fossilization？        ?
A．The quick pressure caused by rocks.
B．The quick transformation of the remains.
C．The rapid burial of the remains.
D．The mix of groundwater and minerals.
（3）How can a good copy of organisms form？        ?
A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material.
B．By groundwater moving through them.
C．By accumulating more pressure on them.
D．By creating a protective environment.
（4）What's the text mainly about？        ?
A．The importance of fossils.
B．The process of fossilization.
C．The evolution of ancient animals.
D．The preservation of the remains.

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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203777. （2024•铁一中学•高一上期末）     Despite the fact that parrots are well known for their long lives and complex cognition （认知），it remains unknown whether the two traits（特征） have influenced each other.
    "The problem has been sourcing good quality data，" said Simeon Smeele，a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior （MPI-AB） and lead author of a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B that tried to solve this question.
    Scientists from the MPI-AB and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology （MPI-EvA） teamed up with Species360 to compile data from over 130，000 individual parrots sourced from over 1，000 zoos to find the average life span of 217 parrot species.
    The analysis revealed an astonishing diversity in life expectancy，ranging from an average of two years for the fig parrot up to an average of 30 years for the scarlet macaw.
    Next，the team tried to determine whether or not parrots' renowned cognitive abilities had any influence on their longevity.Their results support the theory that increased brain size has enabled longer lifespans.Because brain size relative to body size can be an indicator of intelligence，the findings suggested that the parrots with larger brains were able to survive for longer in the wild.
    The scientists were surprised that factors such as diet，or the greater developmental time required to develop larger brains，did not lead to longer average lifespans. "We would have expected the developmental path to play a more important role because in primates it is this developmental cost that explains the link between brain size and longevity，" said Smeele.
    In the future，the team plan to explore if sociality and cultural learning in parrots might have also contributed to long lifespans.Smeele said： "Large-brained birds might spend more time socially learning foraging（觅食） techniques that have been around for multiple generations.This increased learning period could potentially also explain the longer life spans，as it takes more time but also makes the foraging repertoire（全部技能） more adaptive."

（1）What did the study aim to find out about parrots？
A The diversity in their life expectancies.
B．The factors that influence their intelligence.
C．The traits that help them survive in the wild.
D．The link between their cognition and life spans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study？
A．By surveying over 1，000 zoos.
B．By examining parrots' brains.
C．By analyzing the collected data.
D．By observing parrots' behavior.
（3）Which is a possible cause of parrots' longevity？
A．Their diet.
B．Their body size.
C．Their larger brains.
D．Their brains development time.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential applications of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．Further research based on current findings.

共享时间:2024-02-05 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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202578. （2021•长安区•二模） Scientists have discovered an astonishing number of Antarctic blue whales in the waters off the coast of South Georgia，an island in the South Atlantic Ocean，suggesting decades of conservation efforts are paying off.
   During a 23-day survey，a team of researchers from the British Antarctic Survey（BAS） counted 55 animals.Dr.Trevor Branch，a scientist from the University of Washington，who specializes in studying blue whales，said the number was truly amazing.
   In the last century，Antarctic blue whales were nearly hunted to extinction for their blubber，a thick layer of fat that marine animals have under their skin to keep their bodies warm.Hunters used the blubber for oil to use in products like soap or fuel for oil lamps.Around South Australia，more than 33，000 whales are believed to have been killed.A hunting ban was introduced in 1966，but by that time the whales were critically endangered.In 2018 there were reported to be only around 3000 Antarctic blue whales left.
   These sightings by the BAS team，helped by scientists from the University of Auckland in New Zealand，are a positive sign that the population is increasing.
   "In a period of 40 or 50 years，I only had records for two sightings of blue whales around South Georgia，" Dr.Branch told the reporter. "So to go from basically nothing to 55 in one year is astonishing." The cold water around South Georgia has always been popular with whales because it is crowded with krill，tiny shrimp-like creatures that are the whales' favorite food.
   The high count was so unusual that other scientists wondered whether it was a one-off，perhaps caused by usually high number of krill temporarily attracting whales from other areas.However，Dr.Jennifer Jackson from BAS says the quantity of krill was no different from other years.She's confident the population growth shown in the recordings is real and down to the protection that the whales now have.This remains to be seen，but it is highly suggested that when the next assessment is released，most likely at the end of 2021，it could show a further increase in the number of Antarctic blue whales.With the comeback of the whale，this could be an inspiration for environmental campaigns that still have progress to make.

（1）Para.3 is mainly about       .
A．the danger that blue whales faced.
B．the efforts to save blue whales.
C．the importance of blue whales.
D．the effect of the hunting ban.
（2）What can we infer about the blue whales from the passage？
A．They will not be endangered in the near future.
B．The number of them rises because their food increases.
C．More conservation activities will be held to protect them.
D．The coast of South Georgia offered them suitable temperature.
（3）As for other scientists' opinion on the high count，Dr.Jennifer Jackson is       .
A．supportive
B．disapproving
C．fearful
D．uncertain
（4）What is the best title of the passage？
A．Blue Whales Makes Surprise Comeback
B．An Amazing Secret of Blue Whales
C．The Best Way to Protect Blue Whales
D．Blue Whales Set New Trends in Conservation

共享时间:2021-03-21 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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202302. （2022•西工大附中•六模） This is the greatest mystery of our adult life：How can we spend all day typing at a computer and go home feeling exhausted？How could merely activating the small muscles of our fingers leave us worn out at the end of the day？What causes mental fatigue （疲劳）？
   "It is kind of a mystery，to be honest." said Michael Inzlicht，a University of Toronto
psychologist who studies self-control，motivation，and fatigue.But scientists do have some clues.There is a hypothesis （假说） for why we get so tired from work when we're not physically active.We get so tired because our motivation runs out.As we work on a task，we struggle to focus on it or eventually lose interest in it.We become less motivated to do the task.We become drawn to the things we want to do （browsing social media or reading music blogs，for instance） rather than the things we have to do.And this tension possibly causes fatigue.
   Researchers in the UK published new evidence that finds some indirect evidence for the motivational model.This study tracked 100 nurses in the UK over two 12-hour shifts.
   Throughout the shifts，the nurses reported how fatigued they felt at regular intervals.They also wore devices that monitored and tracked the amount of physical activity they were engaged in.When the researchers investigated what could possibly explain the fatigue，they found some interesting patterns.Here's the result：There was no connection between the amount of physical work the nurses did and their feelings of fatigue.Instead，they found this small connection：The nurses who were least likely to feel fatigued from their work also felt the most in control of their work，and the most rewarded for it.These feelings may have boosted their motivation，which may have boosted their perception （感知） of having energy.
   Inzlicht has also found evidence for the motivational model in his work.A few years ago，he
and Carleton University psychologist Marina Milyavskaya monitored 159 students at McGill University in Canada for a week. "What was surprising to us was the biggest predictor of fatigue，not whether they had self-control." Inzlicht said." Instead，the predictor was the number of temptations they felt." "If you're typing at work，and if you're anything like me，you got a few browsers open.These lead to temptations，" he said." Temptations make us less motivated to do our work，which，in turn，may make us tired."
   And there may be an evolutionary reason for why our brains would do this." As an organism，we need to meet multiple goals to survive."Inzlicht explains.We're not merely focused on finding food or pursuing our passions in life.We need to do all these things to be a healthy，thriving species." Because these multiple goals compete with one another （for our time），we need a mechanism in place that signals. "Hey，stop doing that thing and do something else." That mechanism，he suggests，could be fatigue.
   In this light，boosting our motivation to stay on a task could lead us to feel less fatigued.One study found that just paying people some money when they're exhausted can keep them on task.A similar thing is found in studies on physical endurance：People can be easily pushed to work beyond what they think is their physical limit.

（1）Why does the author ask so many questions in the first paragraph？
A．To introduce a common phenomenon.
B．To raise some questions that are appealing.
C．To lead to the theme and attract attention.
D．To show the author's concern of the problem.
（2）Which one is the hypothesis for why we are often feel exhausted after one-day work？
A．We are drawn to others things we have to do.
B．Lacking drive to finish a task leads to tiredness.
C．Smaller amount of physical activity makes us more tiered.
D．Better self-control can boost one's motivation to work.
（3）Which of the following may Inzlicht agree with？
A．The person with strong self-control can get more reward from work.
B．The one who are less motivated will be exposed to more temptation.
C．While typing，we use little part of our muscle，which is more tiring.
D．Typing with some browsers open will sometimes makes us more tired.
（4）Which one can be used to improve an employee's motivation？
A．Improving his salary.
B．Finding his passion.
C．Boosting his motivation.
D．Pushing his physical limits.

共享时间:2022-05-23 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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202729. （2020•西安中学•六模） Facebook lets friends connect．They can give each other updates，share photos and post comments．But that's not all．Facebook might also stress users out．
   In a new study，88 volunteers how much time they spent on Facebook and the types of Facebook posts and comments that they made．In addition，they answered questions about their feelings and state of mind．They also offered saliva．Researchers tested it for cortisol．This chemical is a stress hormone．Levels of it vary throughout the day．
   In this study，people with the most Facebook friends，more than 300，had somewhat higher cortisol levels．Additionally，the more Facebook friends that users had，the more likely they were to feel anxious．On the other hand，youths who gave lots of "likes" and supportive comments on Facebook had lower cortisol levels． "The more social support you give to others，the lower your stress hormone levels will be，" says Lupien．
   "This research decidedly combines the social science approach and the medical science approach on an important question in our social-media age，" says Wenhong Chen，a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin． "It's ready pleasantly new to see Lupien's team study cortisol levels-along with questionnaire data．"
   One finding from Lupien's work surprised Chen．Teens who felt they got a lot of support from others also had higher cortisol levels．Usually，she says，those feelingould protect people from stress． "There are many potential dangers of social media use among young people，" Chen notes．So，she says，enjoy Facebook，but be aware of the risks．
   Lupien suggests that teen Facebook userare information with and support their friends on the site．They shouldn't just stay silent． "if anyone is more stressed，it's the watchers，not the sharers，" she says．Also，she recommends that people who use social media heavily should find time to take active walks，to run or to do other activities．Cortisol increases a person's energy． "The best way to reduce stress hormones is to use the energy，" she says．

（1）Paragraph 2 shows us the        ．
A．research proposes
B．research methods
C．research contents
D．research results
（2）What should we do if we want to feel less stressed？
A．Share as many nine photos as possible．
B．Give more positive comments to others．
C．Listen to music frequently on social media．
D．Communicate less with others on Facebook．
（3）What is Wenhong Chen's attitude towards Lupien's study？
A．Cautious．
B．Critical．
C．Doubtful．
D．Approving．
（4）What can be learned from Lupien's suggestion？
A．There are many dangers on social media．
B．Getting support from e-friends makes us healthier．
C．Sharers on Facebook live a happier life than watchers．
D．Doing physical exercise helps reduce the levels of cortisol．

共享时间:2020-05-18 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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202748. （2020•西安中学•一模） Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades．A study led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute （HCI），at the University of Utah and Arizona State University may have found the answer．
   According to the results，elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53，a definite tumor suppressor，as compared to humans，who have only two．Further，elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous．In isolated elephant cells，this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells，and five times that of cells from patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome，who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults．The results suggest extra p53 could explain elephants' increased resistance to cancer．
   "Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer．It's up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people，" says co-senior author Joshua Schiffman，M．D．，pediatric oncologist （儿科肿瘤医生） at Huntsman Cancer Institute，University of Utah School of Medicine．
   But Prof Mel Greaves，from the Institute of Cancer Research in London，says we should focus on why humans have such high levels of cancer．He pointed to the rise of unhealthy，cancer-causing behaviors，such as obesity and sunbathing． "You've never seen an elephant smoke!" he added．
   According to Schiffman，elephants have long been considered a walking problem．Because they have 100 times as many cells as people，they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancerous state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years．And yet analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people．

（1）Why are elephants less likely to get cancer than humans？
A．Elephants are bigger than humans．
B．Elephants have more p53 genes and mechanism killing damaged cells．
C．Elephants are not as clever as humans in walking．
D．Elephants eat more than humans．
（2）Which of the following can be the equivalent of the underlined word "suppressor"？
A．multiplier
B．complex
C．restrainer
D．coordinator
（3）What's Prof Mel Greaves' attitude towards the discovery？
A．Doubtful．
B．Neutral．
C．Critical．
D．Favorable．
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Elephants have longer life than people．
B．There is no chance that elephants die from cancer．
C．The rate of elephants dying from cancer is increasing．
D．It was thought theoretically that elephants could get cancer more easily．

共享时间:2020-03-15 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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205255. （2021•阎良区•高一下期末） Canadians have a global reputation（名声）for being polite.A survey ranked Canada first out of 50 countries.Most Canadians think that while being polite can be a superficial attitude when people are communicating with friend and strangers，being "kind" to others generally requires a much greater effort and truly knows who you are as a person.
   A national survey made by Environics Research Group for Coca-Cola Canada shows that on average each Canadian haown kindness to others through random （随意的）actions four times in the last four weeks.Examples of their kindness include things such as opening a door for a stranger，offering to carry heavy items or giving up your seat for someone else in a public bus.
   With millions of acts of kindness happening every day，most Canadians surveyed felt kind folks deserved more recognition for their actions.Coca-Cola Canada has decided to praise some very special individuals who make others happy with good acts in their own communities.The goal is to share their stories to help inspire others to give a little kindness too.
   "When it comes to kindness，seeing really is believing，" says Carolyn Harty，Senior Brand Manager of Coca-Cola. "More than half of Canadians are inspired to pay it forward themselves when they see others making a kind gesture.It is these small acts of kindness that make a large difference and inspire people and create happiness. "
   Sixteen-year-old Sheliza Kassam，from Canada，decided on her thirteenth birthday that instead of gifts，she and her family would help feed families in need.Her small action became larger and developed into a non-profit organization that Sheliza now runs to hold birthday parties for children living in shelters who otherwise would not be able to celebrate their special day.
   Another teen Nathan Unrau started out with a one-time school charity project that just couldn't help.With the support of his parents，Lunches with Love has become a non-profit organization that makes and gives away 450 paper bag lunches to the local homeless people every other Saturday.

（1）For what are Canadians famous all around the world？
A．Working hard.
B．Being grateful for others' help.
C．Behaving rudely in public.
D．Having good manners.
（2）What does the national survey mainly tell us？
A．Why Canadianow kindness.
B．What kindness means.
C．How kind Canadians are.
D．When Canadianow politeness.
（3）What's the purpose of Coca-Cola Canada's praising the special individuals？
A．To encourage all the people to spread kindness.
B．To celebrate the great events of kindness.
C．To show the ways of making others happy.
D．To remind people of the importance of kindness.
（4）What did Sheliza Kassam and Nathan Unrau have in common？
A．They were once supported by others.
B．They offer others some food.
C．They enjoyed staying with children.
D．They came from the same organizations.

共享时间:2021-07-05 难度:2 相似度:1.4

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dygzyyyn

2023-02-08

高中英语 | 高二上 | 阅读理解

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