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205388. （2020•西安中学•高三上期末） Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing．However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt．
   In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in．A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths．By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom．So did the king of England in 1546．Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way．Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty．Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out．
   Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century．Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health．Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease．Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World WarⅡ．Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea；clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine．Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？
   Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays．Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease．On the contrary，Mary Rucbush，an American immunologist（免疫学家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system．And the latter position is gaining some ground．

（1）The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because        ．
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment．
B．they thought bath houses were to dirty to stay in
C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths
D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
（2）Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing？
A．Afraid
B．Curious
C．Approving
D．Uninterested
（3）How does the passage mainly develop？
A．By providing examples．
B．By making comparisons．
C．By following the order of time．
D．By following the order of importance．
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A．To stress the role of dirt．
B．To introduce the history of dirt．
C．To call attention to the danger of dirt．
D．To present the change of views on dirt．

共享时间:2020-02-02 难度:2

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说明文，观点态度，

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[解析]

（1）C 细节理解题．根据第二段的"as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in．A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths．"可知，他们认为疾病可能在公共浴室里传播，所以才下令关闭浴室．故选C．
（2）A 推理判断题．根据第二段的"Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty．Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out．"可知，当亨利四世听说有个贵族洗了澡，他下令为了避免疾病的发作，那个贵族不该出去．所以他很害怕洗澡，故选A．
（3）C 推理判断题．根据第二段In the early 16th century和 did the king of England in 1546．以及Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty．可知，本文是按照时间的顺序来组织全文的．故选C．
（4）D 主旨大意题，纵观全文内容，尤其是第一段的"However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt．"和最后一段的"Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays．"可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是想陈述人们对污垢的看法的改变，故选D．

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本题考查了"说明文，观点态度，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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202938. （2017•师大附中•十一模） When I first got an email account ten years ago，I received communications only from family，friends，and colleagues．Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail，I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest the at all．If we want e-mail to continue to be useful，we need special laws that make spamming（发送垃圾邮件） a crime．
   If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam，the problem will certainly get much worse．Computer programs allow spammers to spend hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly．As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products，individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails．Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time？
   This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well．Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company．Companies rely on e-mail on for their employees to communicate with each other．Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks，and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively．Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks．These computer problems raise production costs of companies，which are，in the end，passed on to the consumer．
   For these reasons，I believe that lawmakers need to legislate （立法） against spam．Spammerould be fined，and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people．E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently，but spam is destroying this convenience．

（1）What does the underlined word"correspondence"in the Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．messages
B．ideas
C．connections
D．programs
（2）According to the text，what is the major cause of the flooding spam？
A．Companies rely on e-mail for communications．
B．More people in the world communicate by e-mail．
C．Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail．
D．More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam．
（3）According to Paragraph 3，who is the final victim of spam？
A．The business
B．The advertiser
C．The employee
D．The consumer
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A．To inform
B．To educate
C．To persuade
D．To instruct

共享时间:2017-07-14 难度:3 相似度:1.67

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202282. （2022•西工大附中•七模） Innovation has pretty much finished with car tires （轮胎） right，I mean，what's left to change？How about the whole "air" part？
   Michelin Company's attempt to tackle tire rubbish around the world witnessed them roll out puncture-proof "airless" tires，which they say should help reduce the 18% of all world tires that are abandoned early due to punctures （轮胎漏气）.Deserted tires are a huge worldwide waste problem—the U.S.produces 260 million abandoned tires per year，many of which end up in landfills or on the sides of the freeway where they release harmful gases and micro-plastic pollutants as they break down.
   Michelin Company's Unique Puncture Proof Tire System or "UPTIS" is designed using 46% recycled material，and made from a plastic matrix （母体） mixed with glass fibers that provide a flexible outer layer with a strong inner one. "The truly distinctive structure of the Michelin UPTIS prototype（原型），or its "strangeness" as we have often heard it called，really attracted the eye of many visitors and left a lasting impression on them，" stated Cyrille Roget，Michelin Group Technical and Scientific Communications Director. "It was an unusual experience for us，and our greatest satisfaction came at the end of the demonstration when our passengers，who were undoubtedly a little alert（警觉）at first，said they felt no difference compared with conventional tires."
   Michelin Company believes airless tires will improve everyone's lives.Maintenance （保养） costs for company's vehicle fleets will be less expensive，and inexperienced car owners won't accidentally ruin their rubbers when driving them because they are over-or under-inflated（充气）.Although they are still in development stage and using at a large scale within years is unlikely to be available，Michelin Company is not in the least doubtful about their tires' future.

（1）Why does the author ask questions in the first paragraph？
A．To explain a strange phenomenon.
B．To clarify a difficult concept.
C．To present a well-known fact.
D．To introduce a new topic.
（2）What is the main idea of the second paragraph？
A．The new tire runs more smoothly.
B．The world greatly needs airless tires.
C．Traditional tires threaten the environment.
D．Michelin Company battles the issue of wasted tires.
（3）What do we know about "UPTIS"？
A．Its structure distances visitors.
B．It only uses recycled materials.
C．It combines plastic and glass fibers.
D．Its comfortableness beats ordinary tires.
（4）What's Michelin Company's attitude towards their new tires？
A．Tolerant.
B．Positive.
C．Mixed.
D．Objective.

共享时间:2022-06-09 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202538. （2021•西安中学•八模） $德优题库$ China's Tianwen 1 Mars probe （探测器） conducted its fourth orbital correction on Friday evening，as the spacecraft makes ready for its arrival in orbit around Feb.10，according to the China National Space Administration.
   The name comes from the long poem Tianwen，meaning Heavenly Questions or Questions to Heaven，written by Qu Yuan，one of the greatest poets of ancient China.In Tianwen，this name conveys the Chinese nation's steady effort in pursuing truth and culture of exploring nature and the universe.CNSA also unveiled（发布）the logo of China's planetary exploration missions，featuring the letter C，signifying China，international cooperation and capacity of entering space.
   Tianwen 1 has flown for 197 days and more than 465 million kilometers on its journey to the planet.It is now around 184 million km from Earth and 1.1 million km from Mars.Depending on the two planets' orbits，Mars is between 55 and 400 million km from Earth.Mars probe Tianwen 1 is seen in its first selfies in space on Oct.1，2020.The administration also published a black-and-white picture of Mars taken by Tianwen 1，the first snapshot （抓拍的照片）from the Chinese craft.
   Tianwen 1，the country's first independent Mars mission，was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province，kicking off the nation's planetary exploration program.
   A successful landing would make China only the second nation to place a spacecraft on the Martian planet.China would also be the first to successfully orbit，land and deploy（部署）a vehicle in the same mission.According to experts，searching for signs of life on Mars will be the first and foremost scientific goal.China is open and inclusive in the development of its space technology not least because it believes that the exploration of outer space should help build a community with a shared future for mankind.

（1）Why is Qu Yuan's poem mentioned in the text？
A．To tell the origin of space exploration.
B．To describe space exploration vividly.
C．To highlight the importance of space exploration.
D．To show Chinese continuous struggle in space exploration.
（2）The main idea of Paragraph 3 is about Tianwen 1's         .
A．function
B．development
C．operation
D．structure
（3）What is the essential goal of exploring Mars？
A．To build a common future for man.
B．To prove our achievement in space research.
C．To discover signs of life on this planet.
D．To expand the understanding of the space.
（4）What can we learn from the text？
A．Letter C Logo symbolizes creation between countries.
B．China was the first nation to land a spacecraft on Mars.
C．Tianwen 1 made its fifth orbital correction around Feb.10.
D．Tianwen 1 started a new chapter in Chinese planetary exploration.

共享时间:2021-06-18 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202520. （2021•西安中学•二模） Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day and both total body fat percentage and abdominal or trunk fat.
   They found that women aged 20---40 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest level of obesity，3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee.Among women aged between 45-69，those who drank four or more cups had an obesity percentage 4.1% lower.
   Overall，the average total body fat percentage was 2.8% lower among women of all ages who drank two or three cups of coffee per day.
   The findings were consistent whether the coffee consumed was caffeinated（含咖啡因的）or decaffinated and among smokers/non-smokers and those suffering from chronic diseases（慢性病） when compared to those in good health.
   In men，the relationship was less significant although men aged 20-44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.3% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who didn't consume coffee.
   Around 7 million tons of coffee is consumed globally every year.Dr.Lee Smith，senior author of the study，said： "Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weight and which could potentially be used as anti-obesity compounds."
   "It could be possible that coffee，or its effective ingredients could be integrated into a healthy diet strategy to reduce the burden of chronic conditions related to the obesity，" Dr.Lee Smith added. "It's important to interpret the findings of this study in light of its limitations - the study was at a specific point in time so trends cannot be established.However，we don't believe that someone's weight is likely to influence their coffee consumption."

（1）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Coffee has less effect on men than women in fat according to the findings.
B．The women aged 20-44 like to drink two or three cups of coffee per day.
C．The researchers found that the coffee consumers preferred caffeinated coffee.
D．Trends will be established to limit people's weight by their coffee consumption.
（2）What in coffee mainly influences body fat according to Dr.Lee Smith？
A．The caffeine.
B．The decaffeinated.
C．The effective compounds.
D．The rich nutrition.
（3）What might the study be used for？
A．Developing a new coffee.
B．The treatment of obesity.
C．The treatment of heart disease.
D．The study of physical differences between the sexes.
（4）Where is this text most likely from？
A．A diary.
B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.
D．A magazine.

共享时间:2021-03-16 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202501. （2021•西安中学•一模） Free school meals are back in the news.Footballer Marcus Rashford's petition（请愿书） to extend free school meals provision （供给） into the school holidays has collected 1.1 million signatures，causing the government to reverse policy.It has restarted the debate over free school meals，fuelled，most recently，by figures forecasting that if the government ends as planned the current ￡20 top-up（附加款），another 200，000 children will slip into poverty.This is in addition to the 550，000 children already living in poverty previous to COVID-19.
   The roots of the current school meals system lie in the mid-19th century.In Manchester，independent charities as well as official bodies started to provide free meals for undernourished children in the 1870s.When education became compulsory in the following decades，the extent of the issue became apparent.Proponents of feeding starving children pointed out that it was due to government order that children were in school，not working and contributing to the family food budget，so the government should pay.
   Reception was mixed.Then，as now，children rejected foods they weren't used to.Diaries of the time talked of "little bags of mystery" （sausages）.Some children were put off brassicas （芥菜类） for life.Finding the balance between cheap and good proved hard.The chief medical officer talked about the lack in calorie value and elements of a well-balanced diet which a needy child does not get at home，such as milk，cheese，eggs，green vegetables，fruit and meat.In 1980，the Tory government，desperate to cut costs，made provision largely optional and abolished nutritional standards.Over the next 15 years convenience and cost became the most important.
   Today，school meals provision is linked to benefits：in England around 17 percent of children are entitled to free school meals.Provision is outsourced （外包），leading to huge variation.In the last year，we've seen all of the age-old debates repeated once more.How do we decide who is entitled？How do we guarantee quality？Who decides what children eat？Who pays？Undernutrition does not just have physical effects，but also affects behavior and ability to learn.It has a lifelong impact.The arguments around free school meals seem never to end.But they are hugely important and，until poverty is ended，they will not and should not go away.

（1）Why did Marcus Rashford start the petition？
A．To feed an increasing number of children in poverty.
B．To restart the debate over free school meals.
C．To raise fund for hunger relief for children.
D．To lift children out of poverty.
（2）What does the paragraph 2 probably talk about？
A．Manchester and independent charities set up school free meals.
B．It was government that should pay for the school meals.
C．How did the current school meals system come into existence？
D．It was compulsory education that contributed to free school meals.
（3）What can we infer about school meals from paragraph 3？
A．Some children liked brassicas provided in the school.
B．School meals were both tasty and cheap.
C．School meals failed to meet children's nutritional needs.
D．The Tory government chose nutrition over cost.
（4）What does the writer think of the debates over free school meals？
A．Never-ending.
B．Meaningless.
C．Influential.
D．Necessary.

共享时间:2021-03-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204497. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末） Fast walkers may live longer than dawdlers （缓慢的人）— regardless of their weight，a new study suggests.
    Researchers at Leicester University analyzed data on 474，919 people with an average age of 52 in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2016.They found women who walked briskly had a life expectancy of 86.7 to 87.8 years old，and men who kept up the pace had a life expectancy of 85.2 to 86.8.Slow walkers hadn't much encouraging prospects （前景）：women had a life expectancy of 72.4，and men of 64.8 years old，if they were more leisurely in their movements.According to the paper，published last week，that ratio held true even if the fast walkers were severely overweight.It does not necessarily mean fast walkers will live longer.Experts say it suggests walking speed could be a simple way for doctors to judge their patients' general health alongside other tests.
   It is hardly the first study holding up walking speed as a powerful evidence that appears to improve and determine our health.
   In 2011，the Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA） published a study by Stephanie Studenski，who found the same：walking speed was a reliable predictor of life expectancy.
   In 2013，US researchers found walking pace was linked to lower heart disease risk and longer life expectancy.In 2018，a study from the University of Sydney found picking up your walking pace to even an "average speed" could cut your risk of premature death by a fifth.
   And Tom Yates，the physical activity professor at Leicester who's behind the latest study，has been publishing findings on this connection for years.
   In 2017，he analyzed the same UK Biobank data and found walking speed appeared to affect the risk of dying from heart disease — concluding that the slowest walkers were twice as likely to suffer a heart-related death compared to quick walkers.

（1）What does the underlined word "briskly" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．Casually.
B．Quickly.
C．Actively.
D．Energetically.
（2）What does the paper published last week show？
A．Most fast walkers are overweight.
B．Fast walkers have a simple way of living.
C．Walking speed can help doctors know about their patients' general health.
D．Doctors will surely have better ways to cure their patients of their illness.
（3）What did US researchers find？
A．Walking slowly is bad for people's health.
B．Walking speed can predict a person's life expectancy.
C．People won't die early by increasing their walking pace.
D．Lower heart disease risk is determined partly by walking pace.
（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．Fast Walkers May Have a Long Life Expectancy
B．Life Expectancy Is Determined by Exercise
C．Researchers Try to Improve Life Expectancy
D．The Public Doubt Researches on Walking Speed

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202388. （2021•西安中学•十模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have turned ordinary sheets of wood into transparent material that is nearly as clear as glass，but stronger and with better insulating properties（隔热性）.It could become an energy efficient building material in the future.
   Wood is made of two basic ingredients：cellulose，which are tiny fibres，and lignin （木质素），which is a glue-like material that bonds the fibres together to give it strength.The lignin also contains molecules called chromophores，which give the wood its brown color and prevent light from passing through.
   Early attempts to make transparent wood involved removing the lignin，but this involved harmful chemicals，high temperatures and a lot of time，making the product expensive and somewhat fragile.The new technique is so cheap and easy that it could literally be done in a backyard.
   Starting with pieces of wood a meter long and one millimeter thick，the scientists simply brushed on a solution（溶液）of hydrogen peroxide using an ordinary paint brush.When left in the sun，or under a UV lamp for an hour or so，the peroxide remove color from the brown chromophores but left the lignin undamaged，so the wood turned white.Next，they filled the wood with a tough transparent epoxy，which filled in the spaces in the wood and then hardened.This made the white wood transparent.
   As window material，it would be much more resistant to accidental breakage.The clear wood is lighter than glass，with better insulating properties，which is important because windows are a major source of heat loss in buildings.It also might take less energy to produce clear wood because there are no high temperatures involved.
   Transparent wood could become an alternative to glass in energy efficient buildings，or perhaps coverings for solar panels in harsh environments.There could be no end of uses.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of wood strength.
B．The characteristics of wood.
C．The causes of wood color.
D．The structure of wood.
（2）How did the researchers make wood transparent in the past？
A．By removing the lignin.
B．By reducing chemicals.
C．By lowering the temperature.
D．By changing the experiment site.
（3）What is the function of the epoxy？
A．To make the wood stronger.
B．To take away the brown color.
C．To turn the wood transparent.
D．To fill the spaces in the wood.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Replacing Glass with Wood
B．Turning Wood Transparent
C．Energy Saving Material
D．Eco-friendly Alternative

共享时间:2021-07-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202368. （2021•西安中学•四模） Sure，chocolate is a delicious treat，and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts.But it's not a health food，so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right？
   Well，it turns out that eating chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit.According to research conducted by five scientists in Italy，compounds found in chocolate，called flavanols，can help boost cognitive （认知的） performance.Yup，chocolate's good for your brain.
   The scientists，studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila，summarized research from ten different studies.The studies assessed people's performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate.The results were pretty telling：in nine out of the ten studies，there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate.The scientists found improvements in "general cognition，attention，processing speed and working memory." Sounds pretty good to us!
   And that's not all.In subjects，especially women，who performed the tests while sleep-deprived，the flavanols helped relieve the negative effects of the sleep deprivation.And there's even more good news.The researchers also found that eating chocolate daily （over periods ranging from five days to three months） produced noticeable long-term improvements in cognition.Older adults，whose memories were already declining，saw an especially significant improvement.
   All chocolate has flavanols，since they occur naturally in cocoa.However，dark chocolate lovers feel happy，because it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate.In fact，the scientists themselves have claimed that，after doing this research，they've started eating dark chocolate every day!
   Now，we're not saying you should start eating chocolate for breakfast，lunch and dinner - it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients.But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night，snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic.

（1）What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．As much as possible.
B．For three meals.
C．In right amount.
D．Not in the least
（2）How does a student perform while learning after eating chocolate？
A．He memorizes less than before.
B．He can't concentrate on lessons in the slightest.
C．He becomes more excited.
D．He understands what the teacher says faster.
（3）According to the passage，if your memory fails，what should you do？
A．Eat chocolate as three meals.
B．Use chocolate as a daily snack.
C．Hunt for dark chocolate.
D．Ask a doctor for advice.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．Chocolate is a beneficial but unhealthy food.
B．Eating chocolate benefits our learning.
C．Eating chocolate works on your sleep.
D．Chocolate contains low nutrients.

共享时间:2021-04-22 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204942. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016，accounting for nearly one in ten deaths，according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018. "It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health，" said Sadie Boniface，head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies.While there is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking，with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health，according to a recent study.
   In the observational study，researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25，000 people in the UK，and their brain scans.The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter—regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed，" according to lead author Anya Topiwala，a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
   "The more people drank，the less the volume of their gray matter，" Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia （痴呆）.Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing，" she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this （0.8%），it was a greater contribution than other 'changeable' risk factors，" she said，explaining that changeable risk factors are "ones you can do something about，in contrast to aging."
   The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns，beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking—meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it.They also found no evidence that the type of drink—such as wine，spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain.
   However，certain characteristics，such as high blood pressure or obesity，could put people at higher risk，researchers added.So we shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks.

（1）How was the observational study developed？
A．By comparing brain and health.
B．By comparing people and the researchers.
C．By comparing information and gray matter.
D．By comparing alcohol intake and brain scans.
（2）What is the result of the research？
A．Drinking wine have no impact on brain.
B．Drinking spirits have more impact on brain.
C．Drinking alcohol can cause reducing of brain volume.
D．Drinking alcohol can lead to obesity.
（3）Which of the following groups has a higher risk when drinking alcohol？
A．People drinking more types.
B．People with high blood pressure.
C．People selling the wine.
D．People with diabetes.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？
A．Stay Away From Alcohol.
B．Lack of Sleep.
C．Consumer Health.
D．Keep-fit Exercise.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204961. （2022•阎良区•高二上期末） What makes a human being？Is it our thoughts？Our emotions？Our behavior？All of these things make us who we are，but at the center of the matter is the genome（基因组）-the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence.But if we could change our genome，what would it mean to us？
   In an online video posted on Nov 26，He Jiankui，a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China，said that he had helped to make the world's first genetically edited babies.
   These are twin girls，born in November，with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection with the AIDS virus.
   He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China. "I feel such a strong responsibility that it's not just to make a first，but also to set an example，" he told the Associated Press（AP）.
   The announcement has caused an international storm.Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients.Considering that HIV is "a major and growing public health threat，" attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable，Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
   However，others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
   "Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations（突变），causing genetic problems early and later in life，including the development of cancer，" Julian Savuleseu，a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford，told BBC News.
   Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies.It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby's eye color to intelligence.
   "You could find wealthy parents buying the latest upgrades for their children，leading to even greater inequality than we already live with，" Marcy Darnovsky，director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics，told BBC News.

（1）Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies？
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to become the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
（2）What does the underlined word "justifiable" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Absurd.
B．Hopeless.
C．Skilful.
D．Acceptable.
（3）For those who are against gene editing technology，their reasons are as follows EXCEPT        .
A．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person's body
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．Gene Editing：The Genie in the Bottle.
B．Gene Editing：The Way We Should Go.
C．Gene Editing：Hope or Fear for Human Beings.
D．Gene Editing：A Great Success in Human History.

共享时间:2022-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204422. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期末） As the climate warms，birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing，according to a new study.Researchers analyzed 70，716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years.The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
   "We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks，an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
   "The species were pretty diverse，but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency waocking."
   He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events，like migration and birth.But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
   "That's one major implication，" he said， "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration."
   The findingowed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%.Over the same time，the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
   The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size，which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
   "Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，" Mr.Weeks said，explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
   He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
   The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off，losing body heat more quickly.

（1）What's the best title for the text？
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
（2）What made Brian Weeks feel astonished？
A．It took 40 years to collect 70，716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
（3）What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean？
A．Tiring.
B．Important
C．Easy.
D．Pleasant
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204981. （2022•铁路中学•高二上期末） A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
   The system，called Driver Alert，aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%-40% that are caused by tiredness.Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
   Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband（腕带）.The device，worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey.After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel（方向盘）.A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver's response.
   Tiredness is directly related to a driver's response time.Usually，a watchful driver would use about 400 milliseconds to respond，but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds，it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
   In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds，showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest.If the driver's response continues to slow down，the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
   The device has been delivered to the department's laboratories for testing.If these tests，scheduled for six months' time，are successful，the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.

（1）Driver Alert is a device that can         .
A．keep drivers asleep
B．change drivers' response accuracy
C．reduce the possibility of accidents
D．protect drivers when accidents happen
（2）What does the underlined word "fatigue" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A．Illness.
B．Tiredness.
C．Carelessness.
D．Impoliteness.
（3）How does Driver Alert work？
A．By being used as a nonstop alarm all the time.
B．By squeezing the steering wheel on the way.
C．By reminding or warning drivers if necessary.
D．By being worn on drivers' hands every moment.
（4）What do we know about Driver Alert？
A．It must be fixed on the driver's cars.
B．It aims to prevent drivers from sleeping.
C．It has gone through testing at laboratories.
D．It isn't available to drivers at the moment.

共享时间:2022-02-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202281. （2022•西工大附中•七模） It is not easy to excite New Yorkers or keep them going easy on things around.This is one reason why actors and other famous people move to the city.They can live quieter lives and escape the paparazzi photographers who would follow them in Hollywood.
   But New York has a new media star.And this star is not living so quietly.The star is a colorful Mandarin duck.The bird first appeared this month in a small body of water in Manhattan's Central Park.Large crowds have gathered to see the duck.Reporters have been following its every move.The media attention on the duck has earned the name "quackarazzi" – a word combination of paparazzi and the sound a duck makes!
   The duck has chosen to live in a costly part of New York -- just off Fifth Avenue，near the historic Plaza Hotel.There，hundreds of people turn up every day，hoping to see the bird show off its extremely colorful feathers.Many people like the duck because its colors are like "sunsets，" says New Yorker Joe Amato.He comes to the park nearly every day with his camera equipment.Bird lovers have been keeping record of the bird's daily life through social media postings and videos.People have noted how effortlessly the duck moves through the water.
   This week，New York's newest celebrity seemed to enjoy its fame，showing off its wings while members of the "quackarazzi" pushed each other to get a closer look.Leesa Beckmann traveled over two hours from her home in New Jersey to see the duck.She says her 90-year-old mother has been talking all about the duck since its first appearance.
   "I've got to see this...duck，" Beckmann told her mother.She plans to take pictures and give them to her mother.
   Bird expert Paul Sweet heads a large collection of bird species at the New York-based American Museum of Natural History.He says there is nothing special about a Mandarin duck in Central Park.Central Park Zoo has its own Mandarin duck，he says.These ducks are often imported to the United States from Asia for use on private property.
   "A lot of non-birders tend to see （colorful） birds as more beautiful，" Sweet said， "But to me，it's no more beautiful than，say，a sparrow."

（1）From the passage we can know
A．New Yorkers are always excited about new things.
B．A super star is giving a performance in Manhattan's Central Park.
C．Bird lovers are interested in recording the life of the new "guest".
D．Everyone agrees Mandarin duck is a new species.
（2）Many New Yorkers like the bird for the reason that         .
A．It's famous in Hollywood films.
B．It has a beautiful color and likes to show its wings.
C．They can take lots of pictures and sell for money.
D．They are lucky and precious.
（3）Paul Sweet may agree that        .
A．His mother will surely like the pictures of the birds.
B． "Quackarazzi" is a good name for the duck.
C．New Yorkers need to protect the new species.
D．Mandarin duck can be brought into America from other countries for use.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title？
A．Colorful Mandarin Duck Excites New Yorkers
B．Come and Meet Mandarin duck in Central Park
C．Mandarin Duck in Central Park---A Rare Species
D．A Most Beautiful Bird

共享时间:2022-06-09 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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203478. （2015•师大附中•四模） In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition．Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity，others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people．
   I have taught many children who held the belief that their self - worth relied （依赖） on how well they performed at tennis and other skills．For them，playing well and winning are often life - and - death affairs．In their single - minded pursuit （追求） of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten．
   However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude．In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition．Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society．Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail．They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success．By not trying，they always have an excuse： "I may have lost，but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try．" What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot．Such a loss would be a measure of their worth．Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves．Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self - respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others．Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve （缓解） can we discover a new meaning in competition．

（1）What does this passage mainly talk about？
A．Competition helps to set up self - respect．
B．Opinions about competition are different among people．
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development．
D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition．
（2）Why do some people favor competition according to the passage？
A．It pushes society forward．
B．It builds up a sense of duty．
C．It improves personal abilities．
D．It encourages individual efforts．
（3）The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means       ．
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
（4）Which point of view may the author agree to
A．Every effort should be paid back．
B．Competition should be encouraged．
C．Winning should be a life - and - death matter．
D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition．

共享时间:2015-04-28 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2020-02-02

高中英语 | 高三上 | 阅读理解

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