化石

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201865. （2024•西安一中•三模）     Fossils （化石），the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history.The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
    The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
    As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment （沉积层）.Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments.This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
    Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process.It involves the infiltration （过滤） of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains.Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers.The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
    Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals.For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure.Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
    The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.

（1）What is the role of fossils in the modern times？        ?
A．To help protect our environment.
B．To help explore the function of the Earth.
C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe.
D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms.
（2）Which of the following is the first step of fossilization？        ?
A．The quick pressure caused by rocks.
B．The quick transformation of the remains.
C．The rapid burial of the remains.
D．The mix of groundwater and minerals.
（3）How can a good copy of organisms form？        ?
A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material.
B．By groundwater moving through them.
C．By accumulating more pressure on them.
D．By creating a protective environment.
（4）What's the text mainly about？        ?
A．The importance of fossils.
B．The process of fossilization.
C．The evolution of ancient animals.
D．The preservation of the remains.

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2

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科普知识，说明文，

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DCAB

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（1）细节理解题。根据第一段The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.（化石的形成是一次奇妙的旅程，它在漫长的时间里展开，捕捉到了曾经生活在我们星球上的生命多样性的美好景象。）以及最后一段中The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever﹣changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet. （旅程的最后一步是地质过程暴露出化石残骸。考古学家随后挖掘出这些宝藏，揭示了地球上古代居民的秘密。这项科学探索有助于我们理解进化、生物多样性以及塑造我们星球生命历史的不断变化的景观。）可知，化石可以帮助我们了解地球上的古代生物，进化以及古老的生物多样性。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.（旅程往往始于一个生物体在特定环境中的死亡。无论是植物、动物还是微观生物，关键因素在于遗骸是否能迅速被埋葬。这一初始步骤对于保护生物体免受可能导致崩溃的敌人和环境因素的影响至关重要。）可知，在变成化石的过程中，第一步是要把动植物的遗骸迅速掩埋保存下来，这可以保护生物体不会受其敌人和环境等因素的影响而被破坏。故选C项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals. （有时，石化作用超越了矿化作用，形成了一个称为石化作用的过程。石化化石发生在有机物质完全被矿物取代的情况下，通常会产生原始生物的良好复制品。这种转换可以保留复杂的细节，例如动物的骨骼特征。）可知，当矿物质代替有机物时，形成的化石更完好。故选A项。
（4）主旨大意题。本文第一段The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.（化石的形成是一次奇妙的旅程，它在漫长的时间里展开，捕捉到了曾经生活在我们星球上的生命多样性的美好景象。）指出化石的形成是一次奇妙的旅程，在漫长的时间里展开，捕捉到了曾经生活在我们星球上的生命多样性的美好景象，此句起到引领下文的作用；下文主要介绍了化石的形成过程及所需要的条件和因素；由此可知，本文主要介绍化石的形成过程及所需要的条件和因素，B选项"石化的过程"能够概括文章大意。故选B项。

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203572. （2025•临潼区•高一上期末）     Your ears are already dark，wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria （细菌）.It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria.
    Actually，a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent （频繁的） use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus，a common skin bacterium.And in 1992，a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda，Maryland in the US，found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour.
    As unpleasant as this sounds，there is no need to worry about it.The headphones in the second study were clean before use，so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms.
    Also，this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria.The study's authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins.The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play.Furthermore，there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm.A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.
    The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally，and your ear is able to deal with them.However，several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions （擦伤） that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.

（1）What does the underlined word "inviting" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Equal.
B.Attractive.
C.Deadly.
D.Confusing.
（2）Why does the author mention the 2002 study？
A.To support a view.
B.To show a lifestyle.
C.To raise a question.
D.To present a product.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Researchers haven't finished the studies.
B.Listening to music makes us less focused.
C.We can kill harmful bacteria completely.
D.Improper use of headphones harms health.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria
B.Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear
C.Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones
D.Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria

共享时间:2025-02-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203957. （2024•鄠邑二中•高二下期末）     A recent study in the journal Current Biology found that people danced 12% more when very low frequency bass （低音） was played.Scientists wanted to see what factors of music make us want to dance. "We look at things like what kinds of rhythms make us really drawn in and want to move more，" said Daniel Cameron，a neuroscientist and the lead author of the study.
    Volunteers were led into a lab that was changed into an electronic dance music concert，with live music performed for them，who were equipped with headband s that had a motion capture sensor.The lab had special speakers that could play a very low frequency bass，undetectable to the human ear.The set lasted about an hour.Researchers introduced the very low bass every 2.5 minutes and found that the concertgoers moved more when the speakers were on —even though they couldn't hear it.
    Cameron thinks that our vestibular （前庭的） system can help explain the reason. "It's the inner-ear structures that give us a sense of where our head is in space，" he says. "That system is sensitive to low-frequency stimulation，especially if it's loud."
    Some people hear music and can't help but move，whether there are low，silent bass frequencies or not.So why do humans dance？ "It's hard to test this，but there has been some work on why we may have evolved this way.We know that moving together in synchrony （同步） when we're making music together and dancing together leads to social bonding.We feel better about the people we're with.We feel more connected with them，" Cameron says. "So you can imagine this has potential advantages for groups throughout the long history of our species."
    Evolution aside，Cameron finds value in knowing his study has uncovered just one of the ingredients for what makes us want to dance a little bit more.

（1）What does Cameron's research focus on？
A.The popularity of dancing among people.
B.The evolutionary reasons why humans dance.
C.The musical elements that encourage dancing.
D.The little effect of low frequency bass on dancers.
（2）What can we learn about the research setup described in paragraph 2？
A.Low frequency bass was played regularly.
B.Participants tracked their own movements.
C.The dance music was performed in a live concert.
D.The human speakers performed for an entire hour.
（3）Why might humans have evolved to dance according to Cameron？
A.To inspire imagination.
B.To promote communication.
C.To create work opportunities.
D.To stimulate the body's potential.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.The Science of Dance
B.The Benefit Behind Dancing
C.The Role of Rhythms in Music
D.The Evolution of the Musical System

共享时间:2024-07-20 难度:2 相似度:2

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202729. （2020•西安中学•六模） Facebook lets friends connect．They can give each other updates，share photos and post comments．But that's not all．Facebook might also stress users out．
   In a new study，88 volunteers how much time they spent on Facebook and the types of Facebook posts and comments that they made．In addition，they answered questions about their feelings and state of mind．They also offered saliva．Researchers tested it for cortisol．This chemical is a stress hormone．Levels of it vary throughout the day．
   In this study，people with the most Facebook friends，more than 300，had somewhat higher cortisol levels．Additionally，the more Facebook friends that users had，the more likely they were to feel anxious．On the other hand，youths who gave lots of "likes" and supportive comments on Facebook had lower cortisol levels． "The more social support you give to others，the lower your stress hormone levels will be，" says Lupien．
   "This research decidedly combines the social science approach and the medical science approach on an important question in our social-media age，" says Wenhong Chen，a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin． "It's ready pleasantly new to see Lupien's team study cortisol levels-along with questionnaire data．"
   One finding from Lupien's work surprised Chen．Teens who felt they got a lot of support from others also had higher cortisol levels．Usually，she says，those feelingould protect people from stress． "There are many potential dangers of social media use among young people，" Chen notes．So，she says，enjoy Facebook，but be aware of the risks．
   Lupien suggests that teen Facebook userare information with and support their friends on the site．They shouldn't just stay silent． "if anyone is more stressed，it's the watchers，not the sharers，" she says．Also，she recommends that people who use social media heavily should find time to take active walks，to run or to do other activities．Cortisol increases a person's energy． "The best way to reduce stress hormones is to use the energy，" she says．

（1）Paragraph 2 shows us the        ．
A．research proposes
B．research methods
C．research contents
D．research results
（2）What should we do if we want to feel less stressed？
A．Share as many nine photos as possible．
B．Give more positive comments to others．
C．Listen to music frequently on social media．
D．Communicate less with others on Facebook．
（3）What is Wenhong Chen's attitude towards Lupien's study？
A．Cautious．
B．Critical．
C．Doubtful．
D．Approving．
（4）What can be learned from Lupien's suggestion？
A．There are many dangers on social media．
B．Getting support from e-friends makes us healthier．
C．Sharers on Facebook live a happier life than watchers．
D．Doing physical exercise helps reduce the levels of cortisol．

共享时间:2020-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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204166. （2023•周至四中•高二下期末）     Imagine cozying up in your bed after a long day.You scroll through your favorite social media apps for what feels like ten minutes，but then you realize hours have passed.You promise yourself just five more minutes—then it's 3：00 am.You wake up tired the next morning and go to work dizzy but do the same thing again that night.You know you need the rest，but you still stay up and sacrifice sleep to scroll aimlessly on your smartphone.
    You are not alone.This phenomenon is called revenge bedtime procrastination （RBP），which is defined by the Sleep Foundation as "the decision to sacrifice sleep for leisure time that is driven by a daily schedule lacking in free time."In other words，it occurs when people stay up late at night to do things they enjoy，such as scrolling the Internet or watching TV，because they feel they lack the freedom to do these things during the daytime.
    How do you know if you're engaging in RBP？Ask yourself these questions：Do you delay going to sleep because you would rather do other things that you enjoy，such as watching TV or YouTube videos or playing video games？Do you stay up late to spend time with friends or family？Do you miss out on sleep even though you know it's important and that there are consequences to pay for feeling tired？Do you feel deprived of your personal life and free time to simply relax？Does your day mostly seem out of your control？Do you delay getting projects done，exercising or completing chores？
    What puts someone at risk for engaging in RBP？Being a"night owl"can make people more inclined to stay up late.Dealing with significant daytime stress，especially tied to work，is a big risk factor.Working extended hours or having a long commute are other risks，since these leave little or no time for entertainment or relaxation.
    A lack of sleep is tied to many different physical and mental health problems.When revenge bedtime procrastination leads to too little sleep，it can cause negative effects on your well-being，such as：fatigue，reduced motivation and productivity，heightened risk of drowsy driving and accidents，worsened anxiety symptoms，reduced self-regulation，metabolic（新陈代谢） disorders，weight gain，obesity，and even some bacterial infections and viruses.

（1）Why do people develop revenge bedtime procrastination？
A．They want to find excuses for sleeping late.
B．They strive to fulfil what they ought to do.
C．They hope to effectively resist fatigue and obesity.
D．They seek to make up for what they can't do during daytime.
（2）Which of the following is an example of RBP？
A．Eating the tasty chocolate at eight o'clock in the evening.
B．Drinking and chatting with your friends or family at weekends.
C．Delaying sleep time to watch your favourite TV series.
D．Working with colleagues to complete important projects at night.
（3）Which of the following is NOT the cause of an increased risk of RBP？
A．You are a person who enjoys staying up late at night.
B．You can scroll your phone during subway commuting hours.
C．You have to overcome great pressure associated with work.
D．You are continuously asked to work overtime by your boss.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．A brief introduction to RBP.
B．Symptoms related to RBP.
C．Negative effects produced by RBP.
D．The risks of engaging in RBP.

共享时间:2023-07-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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202539. （2021•西安中学•八模） A new study，published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology，found that communication interactions that included voice，like a phone call or video chat，created stronger social bonds than communication through typing，like text messaging or email.
   In the study，researchers used various experiments to gauge（测量） connectedness.In one，they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other.Although people anticipated（预料） that a phone call would be more awkward，hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better.However，people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email，and they did not feel more awkward.
   In another experiment，the researchers had strangers connected by either texting，talking over video chat，or talking using only audio.They found that both forms of voice communication - whether video or audio only - made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.
   Sabrina Romanoff，a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City，says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience，as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can "correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person."
   Romanoff says that in reality，texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation.A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message.Each party is more present，and therefore，able to gauge the meaning behind the content without ruminating （认真思考） on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.

（1）What is the purpose of the study？
A．To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking.
B．To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.
C．To demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls.
D．To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing.
（2）Which way will make you feel more connected if you miss a friend far away？
A．Typing a letter.
B．Sending an email.
C．Having a video chat.
D．Texting a message.
（3）What does "a controlled form of communication" refer to in Paragraph 4？
A．A way to talk about controlled topics.
B．A way to communicate without time limit.
C．A way to explain something without delay.
D．A way to express thoughts without being disturbed.
（4）What advantage does making phone calls over texting？
A．Being more formal.
B．Being less awkward.
C．Being more straightforward.
D．Being less expensive.

共享时间:2021-06-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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203805. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      What killed King Tut？Historians and scientists have long believed that ancient Egypt's most famous king was probably murdered.But a recent scientific study claims to have found a different answer to this more than 3，300-year-old mystery.A team of researchers now say that King Tut，the boy ruler，died of complications（并发症） from a broken leg.
   Tut's full name was Tutankhamun.He was just 9 years old when he became the ruler of Egypt.His treasure-filled tomb was discovered almost a century ago.It was filled with royal riches，including a solid-gold coffin，a gold mask，and piles of jewelry.
   Unfortunately Tut died at the age of 19.Many experts have thought that Tut was killed by one of his advisers，named Ay，who wanted to be king.But due to a major modern science project，the idea is wrong.
   Researchers set out to solve the mystery of King Tut's death by using the tools of science，including DNA tests and electronic scans of his mummy（木乃伊）.Scientist Carsten Pusch conducted the tests on Tut for the new study.He thinks a broken leg contributed to the young king's death.
   More than 100 walking sticks were found in King Tut's tomb.This supports the team's findings.But how could a person die from a simple broken leg？
   Pusch also found DNA evidence in Tut's body that indicates he had malaria（疟疾），a disease carried by mosquitoes.Malaria severely weakens the immune system.
   Pusch and his fellow researchers believe the malaria and the bone disease together caused the king's fracture（骨折） to become deadly.Finally，the young king was just too weak to recover.

（1）It has long been believed by historians and scientists that        .
A.King Tut was the youngest ruler in the world history
B.King Tut was the richest ruler in the history of Egypt
C.King Tut was murdered by one of his advisers
D.King Tut was poisoned by one of his servants
（2）From the passage we can learn that        .
A.the king had been dead for 3，300 years
B.the king was buried grandly
C.the king was born with a bad immune system
D.the king's body was well kept in the tomb
（3）Researchers uncovered the mystery of King Tut's death by        .
A.testing the king's immune system
B.studying the walking sticks found in the tomb
C.performing experiments on mosquitoes
D.applying DNA tests and electronic scan technology
（4）The passage mainly tells us about        .
A.a different answer to King Tut's death
B.a famous boy king in ancient Egypt
C.a treasure-filled tomb discovered in Egypt
D.a team of researchers studying ancient tombs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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203074. （2017•铁一中学•三模） It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet．Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight；those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，"Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain．"The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．
Boston University's Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms（生物学机制） relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes（糖尿病），which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese．What's more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells．

（1）The passage is mainly for those

A．who produce wine	B．who have a drinking habit
C．who go on a diet	D．who are eager to lose weight

（2）How does the writer clarify his view at the very beginning？

A．By quotation	B．By comparison
C．By question．D．By statement．

（3）What can we learn from the passage ．
A．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight．
B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat．
C．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect．
D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear．
（4）What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？
A．How to do some easy experiments．
B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine．
C．How to prove the finding mentioned above．
D．How to make wine in a healthy way．

共享时间:2017-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203804. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      Millions of years ago dinosaurs lived on the earth.In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet.There were green forests and they could find enough to eat.Later，parts of the earth became cold and dry，and the forests there died.Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat.This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.
   We can guess another reason.New kinds of animals came on the earth.Some had big brains and were fast and strong.They could kill dinosaurs.
   There may be other reasons that we don't know about yet.Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.
   Dinosaurs have many sizes and shapes（形状）.Some were as small as chickens，while some were about 90 feet long.
   There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs.They might have happened more than 100 million years ago.Though there was no man to see any of the fights，we can be told by the footprints（足迹）that fights did take place.

（1）According to the passage，dinosaurs did exist only        on the earth.
A.for millions of years
B.millions of years ago
C.more than 100 million years ago
D.when it was warm and wet somewhere
（2）One reason why dinosaurs died out is that        .
A.there were too many dinosaurs
B.parts of the earth became warm and wet
C.there were many green forests
D.they couldn't find enough to eat
（3）We can see from this passage        .
A.scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs
B.dinosaurs are dangerous enough
C.dinosaurs are worth studying further
D.scientists know nothing about dinosaurs
（4）Those terrible fights can be explained by        .
A.footprints
B.imagination
C.rocks and forests
D.dinosaurs' eggs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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204183. （2023•长安区一中•高一下期末） Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media，but the different generations' online habits couldn't be more different.In the UK the over-55 s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers，meaning that they will soon be the site's second biggest user group，with 3.5 million users aged 55-64 and 2.9 million over-65s.
   Sheila，aged 59，says， "I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing，as my daughter posts videos and photos of them.It's a much better way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post.That's how we did it when I was a child，but I think I'm lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did."
   Interestingly，Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves.Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site - only 2.2 million users are under 17 -but they're not going far from their smartphones.Chloe，aged 15，even sleeps with her phone. "It's my alarm clock so I have to，' she says. "I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up."
   Unlike her grandmother's generation，Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life.Sheila，on the other hand，has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years. "We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country，" she says. "It's changed my social life completely."
   Parents have an important role to play if they want their kids to spend more time in real life.Peter，38，who spends most of his time in front of a screen，is recently determined to set a better example to his kids.In the evening or at weekends，he would leave his smartphone home and take his kids out to nature.

（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 1？
A．Older people have difficulty using social media.
B．Children spend more time with their grandparents.
C．More and more elderlies begin to use social media.
D．Social media have become more friendly to the elderly.
（2）How does Sheila feel about social media？
A．Worried.
B．Satisfied.
C．Excited.
D．Disappointed.
（3）What can be concluded from the passage？
A．People tend to have less social life as they get older.
B．Young people are getting away from their smartphone.
C．More young people choose to meet their friends in person.
D．Social media actually help old people to meet their friends.
（4）What's the best title for this passage？
A．Different Online Habits Across Generations.
B．The Good Old Days Without Smartphones.
C．The Next Generation of Social Media.
D．The Use of Smartphones at School.

共享时间:2023-07-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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202892. （2018•西安中学•二模） A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower．Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind：How can willpower be strengthened？If willpower is truly a limited resource，as the research suggests，what can be done to make it stay strong？
   Avoiding temptation（诱惑） is an effective method for maintaining self-control，which is called the "out of sight，out of mind" principle．One recent study，for instance，found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks，in plain sight．
   The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir（储备） of self-control raises a troubling question．When we face too many temptations，are we to fail？Not necessarily．Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted．Rather，people appear to hold some willpower in reserve，saved for future demands．The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down．High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point．
   Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱） to being exhausted in the first place．Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use．But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison，they say．While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term，they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term．Similarly，regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength．
   The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach．Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas，so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time．In other words，don't try to quit smoking，adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time．Taking goals one by one is a better approach．Once a good habit is in place，Baumeister says，you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior．Eventually healthy habits will become routine，and won't require making decisions at all．
   Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research．Yet it seems likely that with clear goals，good self-monitoring and a little practice，you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation．

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that        ．
A．people have unlimited self-control
B．high motivation ensures one's success
C．willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D．too many temptations often lead to failure
（2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means        ．
A．make use of
B．run out of
C．build
D．increase
（3）The author compares self-control to muscles        ．
A．to prove the long-term effects of willpower
B．to show the significance of regular exercise
C．to argue that self-control can be easily used up
D．to explain the benefits of practicing self-control
（4）To develop a good habit，which of the following does the author prefer？
A． "I will give up dessert and do exercise．"
B． "I will set three goals this new semester．"
C． "I will keep myself from any temptation．"
D． "I will read an English novel every month．"

共享时间:2018-03-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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203777. （2024•铁一中学•高一上期末）     Despite the fact that parrots are well known for their long lives and complex cognition （认知），it remains unknown whether the two traits（特征） have influenced each other.
    "The problem has been sourcing good quality data，" said Simeon Smeele，a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior （MPI-AB） and lead author of a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B that tried to solve this question.
    Scientists from the MPI-AB and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology （MPI-EvA） teamed up with Species360 to compile data from over 130，000 individual parrots sourced from over 1，000 zoos to find the average life span of 217 parrot species.
    The analysis revealed an astonishing diversity in life expectancy，ranging from an average of two years for the fig parrot up to an average of 30 years for the scarlet macaw.
    Next，the team tried to determine whether or not parrots' renowned cognitive abilities had any influence on their longevity.Their results support the theory that increased brain size has enabled longer lifespans.Because brain size relative to body size can be an indicator of intelligence，the findings suggested that the parrots with larger brains were able to survive for longer in the wild.
    The scientists were surprised that factors such as diet，or the greater developmental time required to develop larger brains，did not lead to longer average lifespans. "We would have expected the developmental path to play a more important role because in primates it is this developmental cost that explains the link between brain size and longevity，" said Smeele.
    In the future，the team plan to explore if sociality and cultural learning in parrots might have also contributed to long lifespans.Smeele said： "Large-brained birds might spend more time socially learning foraging（觅食） techniques that have been around for multiple generations.This increased learning period could potentially also explain the longer life spans，as it takes more time but also makes the foraging repertoire（全部技能） more adaptive."

（1）What did the study aim to find out about parrots？
A The diversity in their life expectancies.
B．The factors that influence their intelligence.
C．The traits that help them survive in the wild.
D．The link between their cognition and life spans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study？
A．By surveying over 1，000 zoos.
B．By examining parrots' brains.
C．By analyzing the collected data.
D．By observing parrots' behavior.
（3）Which is a possible cause of parrots' longevity？
A．Their diet.
B．Their body size.
C．Their larger brains.
D．Their brains development time.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential applications of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．Further research based on current findings.

共享时间:2024-02-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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204078. （2023•西安中学•高一上期末）     Having a smart phone may not be as smart as you think.They may let you surf the Internet，listen to music and take photos wherever you are...but they also turn you into a workaholic，it seems.
   A study suggests that，by giving you access to emails at all times，the smartphone adds as much as two hours to your working day.Experts found that British people work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles.The study shows the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours，but 2 more hours is spent responding to or sending work emails，or making work calls.
   Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails.Some workers say they are on call almost 24 hours a day.Nearly two-thirds say they often check work emails just before they go to bed and as soon as they wake up，while over a third have replied to one in the middle of the night.The average time for first checking emails is between 6：00 a.m and 7：00 a.m，with more than a third checking their first email in the period，and a quarter checking them between 11：00 p.m.and midnight.
   Ghadi Hobeika，marketing director of Pixmania，said： "The ability to access millions of Apps has made smartphone invaluable for many people.However，there are disadvantages.Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day，seven days a week，and smartphones mean that people cannot get away from work.The more constantly in touch we become，the more is expected of us in work."

（1）With a smart phone the average UK working day is        .
A．11 to 12 hours
B．9 to 10 hours
C．8 hours
D．2 hours
（2）We can learn from the text that the British people        .
A．prefer to check emails in the morning
B．are crazy about different smartphone
C．work more hours with smartphones
D．shorten their normal working hours
（3）What does the underlined word "invaluable" mean？
A．Useless.
B．Necessary.
C．Expensive.
D．Cheap.
（4）What does Ghadi Hobeika feel about smartphones？
A．They are unimportant for most of the people.
B．They have disadvantages for some companies.
C．They are useful to improve the work ability.
D．They make it impossible for people to rest.

共享时间:2023-02-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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202596. （2021•高陵一中•二模） Honeybees can't swim，and when their wings are wet，they can't fly，either.But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water，they can use their wings to produce little waves and slide toward land—like surfers（冲浪者） who create and then ride their own waves.
As with many scientific advances - Isaac Newton's apple or Benjamin Franklin's lightning bolt — Dr.Roh's experiment began with a walk.Passing Caltech's Millikan Pond in 2016，he observed a bee on the water's surface producing waves.He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself

through water.
Dr.Roh and his co-worker，Morteza Gharib，used butterfly nets to collect local Pasadena honeybees and observed their surf-like movements.The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee's bodily movement，allowing close examination of their wings.They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle，pulling up water and producing a forward force.Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air.But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down.It's a tough exercise for the bees，which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.
The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn't been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic（半水生的） insects use their legs for propulsion，which is known as water-walking.It may have evolved in bees，they predicted.
Dr.Roh and Dr.Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees' surfing.One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea."This could be useful for search and rescues，or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean，if you can't send a boat or helicopter，"Dr.Gharib said.
（1）What does the author intend to show by mentioning Newton and Franklin？
A．Roh's admiration for them.
B．Roh's chance discovery about bees.
C．Their outstanding talent for science.
D．Their similar achievements in discovery.
（2）What plays the most vital role in a bee's moving forward on water？
A．The air weight.
B．Its leg extension.
C．The water movement.
D．Its continuous wingbeat.
（3）What does the underlined word "propulsion" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Fast flight.
B．Driving force.
C．Pulling speed.
D．Explosive power.
（4）According to the last Paragraph，which of the following isn't the practical applications for bees' surfing？
A．Designing robots with the ability to travel across both sky and sea.
B．Rescuing ships or saving sailors trapped in the ocean.
C．Acquiring knowledge of moving samples of the surface of the ocean.
D．Making helicopters in the shape of bees.
（5）What does the text mainly tell us？
A．Honeybees can surf to safety.
B．Bees help scientists make inventions.
C．Insects can adapt to the environment.
D．Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.

共享时间:2021-03-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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202748. （2020•西安中学•一模） Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades．A study led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute （HCI），at the University of Utah and Arizona State University may have found the answer．
   According to the results，elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53，a definite tumor suppressor，as compared to humans，who have only two．Further，elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous．In isolated elephant cells，this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells，and five times that of cells from patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome，who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults．The results suggest extra p53 could explain elephants' increased resistance to cancer．
   "Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer．It's up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people，" says co-senior author Joshua Schiffman，M．D．，pediatric oncologist （儿科肿瘤医生） at Huntsman Cancer Institute，University of Utah School of Medicine．
   But Prof Mel Greaves，from the Institute of Cancer Research in London，says we should focus on why humans have such high levels of cancer．He pointed to the rise of unhealthy，cancer-causing behaviors，such as obesity and sunbathing． "You've never seen an elephant smoke!" he added．
   According to Schiffman，elephants have long been considered a walking problem．Because they have 100 times as many cells as people，they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancerous state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years．And yet analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people．

（1）Why are elephants less likely to get cancer than humans？
A．Elephants are bigger than humans．
B．Elephants have more p53 genes and mechanism killing damaged cells．
C．Elephants are not as clever as humans in walking．
D．Elephants eat more than humans．
（2）Which of the following can be the equivalent of the underlined word "suppressor"？
A．multiplier
B．complex
C．restrainer
D．coordinator
（3）What's Prof Mel Greaves' attitude towards the discovery？
A．Doubtful．
B．Neutral．
C．Critical．
D．Favorable．
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Elephants have longer life than people．
B．There is no chance that elephants die from cancer．
C．The rate of elephants dying from cancer is increasing．
D．It was thought theoretically that elephants could get cancer more easily．

共享时间:2020-03-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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204336. （2023•未央区•高二上期末） Mental health is deteriorating（恶化） among young people globally.The incidence of depression and anxiety is increasing，and this not only lowers quality of life，but can have a lasting negative impact as an adolescent reaches adulthood.
   Many experts are trying to get at the root causes of this decline，in order to find ways to prevent further deterioration and to provide more effective help when needed.Two "emerging determinants of interest" are （a） over use of screen-based technology，and （b） too little time spent in nature.Most research to date has considered these factors independently，but a group of scientists from University of Adelaide recently decided to look at them jointly，to see if the combination of high screen time （ST） and low "green time" （GT），could affect mental wellbeing.
   The result is published on September 4，2020，in the scientific journal PLOS One.In it，the researchers analyzed data from 186 studies that looked at children's interactions with screen-based technology and nature and their psychological outcomes，including mental health，cognitive（认知的） functioning，and academic achievement.
   What they found was that，in general，excessive screen time results in poorer psychological health，whereas green time improves mental wellbeing.Ten years ago in the U.S.，the average daily screen time for 8-to-18-year-olds was 7.5 hours.As the study states， "This greatly exceeds recreational ST guidelines of 2 hours or less per day，" and is made even more challenging by the fact that so many schools are using technology to teach classes.
   While some screen time can be beneficial，such as promoting connections and enabling tasks to be done more efficiently，there are many ways in which it is harmful.Excessive screen time "replaces important protective behaviors for mental health such as physical activity，getting adequate sleep，in-person social interactions，and academic activities."
   And yet，when children do go outside，they become more physically active.Their day-night rhythm is regulated，thanks to the exposure to sunlight，thus "encouraging healthy sleep-wake cycles and improved sleep，which is key for psychological well-being."

（1）The research of the University of Adelaide is different because        ？
A．The researchers tried to find the root causes.
B．The researchers analyzed large amounts of data.
C．The researchers tried to find a solution.
D．They combined ST and GT.
（2）What are the findings of their research？
A．Mental health is worsening among young people globally.
B．School technology contributes to the most screen time.
C．ST and GT have opposite impact on mental health.
D．Guidelines of screen time shouldn't be more than two hours.
（3）Why does over screen time affect mental health？
A．It replaces mentally healthy behaviors.
B．There is too much unhealthy information on the screen.
C．Teens can't break away from screen addiction.
D．Teens can't sleep well after screen time.
（4）What is implied in the passage？
A．Over screen time worsens teens' health.
B．Teens need more green time，less screen time.
C．Teenould be banned from any screen time.
D．Screen-based technology shouldn't be allowed in schools.

共享时间:2023-02-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2024-04-05

高中英语 | | 阅读理解

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