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204441. （2023•临潼区•高一下期末）     Mounting evidence suggests that longtime sitting—a main part of modern-day life—is risky to your health，even if you exercise regularly.Based on these findings，doctors advise all adults to sit less and move more.But how often do we need to get up from our chairs？And for how long？
    Few studies have compared multiple options to come up with the answer most office workers want：What is the least amount of activity needed to counteract the health effects of a workday filled with sitting？
   Now a study by Columbia University exercise physiologists has an answer.Unlike other studies that test one or two activity options，the study tested five different exercise "snacks"，or short bursts of activity after a period of time's sitting：one minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting，one minute after 60 minutes，five minutes every 30，five minutes every 60 and no walking.
    The proper amount of movement，the researchers found，was five minutes of walking every 30 minutes.This was the only amount that greatly lowered both blood sugar and blood pressure.In addition，this walking routine had an impressive effect on how the participants responded to large meals，reducing blood sugar spikes（峰值） by 58% compared with sitting all day.Taking a walking break every 30 minutes for one minute also provided modest benefits for blood sugar levels throughout the day，while walking every 60 minutes，either for one minute or five minutes，provided no benefit.
    What we know now is that for best health，you need to move regularly at work，in addition to a daily exercise routine.While that may sound impractical，the findingow that even small amounts of walking sp read through the work day can greatly lower your risk of heart disease and other chronic （慢性的） illnesses.

（1）What does the study by Columbia University focus on？
A．What adultould do to keep exercising regularly.
B．When and where we need to sit less and move more.
C．Why longtime sitting every day is risky to our health.
D．How often and how long we need to walk from our chairs.
（2）What does the underlined word"counteract" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Cancel out.
B．Give up.
C．Add to.
D．Benefit from.
（3）Which walking pattern is the most useful for health according to the text？
A．One minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting.
B．One minute of walking after every 60 minutes of sitting.
C．Five minutes of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting.
D．Five minutes of walking after every 60 minutes of sitting.
（4）What does the last paragraph show？
A．The risks of heart disease and other illnesses.
B．The suggestions on the health of the office staff.
C．The daily exercise routine sui table for everyone.
D．The ways of moving regularly at work every day.

共享时间:2023-07-11 难度:2

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[考点]

健康，说明文，

[答案]

DACB

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段But how often do we need to get up from our chairs？And for how long？（但是我们需要多久从椅子上站起来一次呢？能维持多久？）以及第三段Now a study by Columbia University exercise physiologists has an answer.（现在，哥伦比亚大学运动生理学家的一项研究给出了答案。）可知哥伦比亚大学的研究重点是我们需要多久从椅子上站起来？故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Few studies have compared multiple options to come up with the answer most office workers want：What is the least amount of activity needed to counteract the health effects of a workday filled with sitting？（很少有研究对多种选择进行比较，以得出大多数上班族想要的答案：要抵消整天坐着对健康的影响，最少需要多少运动量？）可知划线词意思是"抵消，中和"。A.Cancel out.中和；B.Give up.放弃；C.Add to.增加；D.Benefit from.从...获益。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段The proper amount of movement，the researchers found，was five minutes of walking every 30 minutes.（研究人员发现，适当的运动量是每30分钟步行5分钟。）可知根据文章，对健康最有帮助的步行方式"每坐30分钟后步行5分钟"。故选C。
（4）段落大意题。根据最后一段What we know now is that for best health，you need to move regularly at work，in addition to a daily exercise routine.While that may sound impractical，the findings show that even small amounts of walking sp read through the work day can greatly lower your risk of heart disease and other chronic （慢性的） illnesses.（我们现在所知道的是，为了最好的健康，除了每天例行锻炼外，你还需要在工作中定期运动。虽然这听起来不切实际，但研究结果表明，即使是在工作时间进行少量的散步或阅读，也能大大降低患心脏病和其他慢性疾病的风险。）可知最后一段讲述了对办公室职员健康的建议。故选B。

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本题考查了"健康，说明文，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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203995. （2023•师大附中•高一下期末）     Working out for 30 minutes every day "might not be enough" to counter the health issues created by long time sitting，according to a sweeping new study.
    The new study，unlike the past ones that examined sitting and formal exercise separately，ignoring light activities，involved 3702 people to find out how those all affected people's health indices（指数）.
    With the data collected，researchers characterized people by how they moved.The first group dutifully exercised for a half-hour and then sat，almost nonstop，for more than 10 hours a day.Another group similarly worked out for 30 minutes and sat for long hours.But，in between，they rose often and took walks around，spending time in light activities like fetching another cup of coffee.The third group sat，uninterrupted，for up to 10 hours，but also collected an hour of exercise most days.The final group，which the researchers named "the movers，" exercised about an hour most days，while also moving lightly for about two hours more.
    When the researchers cross-checked these groups against people's current health data，the first group had the worst indices.On the contrary，the other groups were all better off and to about the same extent，with relatively improved blood sugar control and cholesterol（胆固醇） levels and about 8 percent less body fat than the first group.
    "A single 30-minute，daily workout 'might not be enough' to reduce the downsides of long time sitting，" said Vahid Farrahi，the lead author of the new study."In addition to a brisk（轻快的） workout，we need to move lightly and often，cleaning，taking the stairs，taking a walk in the halls or just not remaining still."

（1）How is the new study different from the previous ones？
A．It examined sitting and exercise separately.
B．It proved that light activities were ignored.
C．It took light activities into consideration.
D．It suggested working out for a half-hour.
（2）What do we know from the data in the new study？
A．The first group spent a half-hour on light activities after long sitting.
B．The second group got similar improved health indices as the movers.
C．The third group collected an hour's exercise during 10 hours' sitting.
D．The movers got up every 30 minutes for formal exercise for an hour.
（3）What light activity is suggested to go with formal exercise？
A．Reading while sitting.
B．Swimming in the pool.
C．Working out in the gym.
D．Walking in the gym hall.
（4）What can we infer from Vahid's words？
A．It's better to exercise more often than half an hour every day.
B．Moving lightly and often is more useful than we have thought.
C．Working out harder and longer is better than just moving lightly.
D．A 30-minute workout has little help for long time sitting problems.

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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201988. （2023•新城区•二模） Childhood obesity（肥胖）isn't only caused by over eating.A lot of environmental and lifestyle variables—such as skipping breakfast，irregular sleeping patterns and less sleep time—also contribute towards this disturbing trend，says a new study.
   According to the study conducted by University College London's researchers，children who skip breakfast and sleep less are more likely to have bigger appetites and tend to consume more energy-rich foods throughout the day，leading to excessive weight gain.The team also found that smoking habit of mothers during pregnancy（怀孕）is also one of the contributory factors for a child being overweight.
   Interestingly，these results challenge the conventional belief that over-eating is main cause of increasing obesity rates among children.In addition，factors like watching too much television，consuming sugary drinks，eating fruits and introducing solid food sooner don't certainly lead to childhood obesity.
   The researchers used data from a multi-disciplinary research project that tracks the lives：of children from 19，244 families across the UK，born from September 2020 to January.2021.After analyzing the data，they found that in UK，83.3%of new babies had non-overweight and stable.BMI （身体质量指数）.Only 1% had a mildly increasing BMI，while another 2.5% tended to have a sharply increasing BMI.However，due to poor lifestyle choices and environmental factors，6% of the children were already overweight when they were three years old.
   The study authors concluded that modifying（更改） a child's environment early in life can go a long way in reducing their chances of gaining abnormal weight，which can also affect their health in later years.
   The researchers recommended that dealing with the childhood obesity calls for a mixture of preventive actions，for example，creating awareness among the families around the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and also instructing and supporting parents throughout the pregnancy，and even before and after it.

（1）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？
A．The effect of childhood obesity.
B．The irregular lifestyle of children.
C．The new trend of social development.
D．The causes of children being overweight.
（2）What do people usually think leads to childhood obesity？
A．Sleeping less and skipping breakfast.
B．Watching too much TV and playing games.
C．Smoking and introducing solid food sooner.
D．Consuming too much food and sugary drinks.
（3）What can we know from the data of the research in UK？
A．The obesity rates among children were not high.
B．Most of the children didn't get energy-rich foods.
C．The irregular lifestyle had little effect on children.
D．The study result was beyond researchers' expectation.
（4）What suggestion do the researchers offer parents？
A．Improving the living environment.
B．Protecting children from any harm.
C．Increasing their physical activity.
D．Raising awareness of healthy lifestyle.

共享时间:2023-03-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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204242. （2023•长安区一中•高二上期末）     All it takes is three continuous nights of sleep loss to cause your mental and physical well-being to greatly worsen.
    A new study looked at the consequences of sleeping fewer than six hours for eight nights on end — the minimum duration of sleep that is necessary to support best health in average adults.
    Lead author Soomi Lee，assistant professor at the University of South Florida，found the biggest jump in symptoms appeared after just one night of sleep loss.The number of mental and physical problems steadily got worse，peaking on day three.At that point，research shows the human body got relatively used to repeated sleep loss.But that all changed on day six，when participants reported that the severity of physical symptoms was at its worst.
    "Many of us think that we can pay our sleep debt on weekends and be more productive on weekdays." Lee said. "However，results from this study show that having just one night of sleep loss can significantly weaken your daily functioning."
    Data provided by the Midlife in the United Study included nearly 2000 middle-aged adults who were relatively healthy and well-educated.Among them 42% had at least one night of sleep loss，sleeping 1.5 fewer hours than their typical routines.
    They recorded their mental and physical behaviors in a diary for eight days in a row，allowing researchers to review how sleep loss causes wear and tear on the body.Participants reported a pile-up of angry，nervous，lonely，bad-tempered and frustrated feelings as a result of sleep loss.They also experienced more physical symptoms，such as upper respiratory issues，aches，gastrointestinal （肠胃的） problems and other health concerns.
    These negative feelings and symptoms were continuously sharpened throughout continuous sleep loss days and didn't return to baseline levels unless they had a night sleep of more than six hours.
    Lee says the best way to maintain a strong daily performance is to set aside more than six hours to sleep every night.

（1）When did participants have the worst physical symptoms？        ?
A．On day 1.
B．On day 3.
C．On day 6.
D．On day 8.
（2）What does the fourth paragraph suggest？        ?
A．We can make up for sleep loss on weekends.
B．We can improve our efficiency if we sleep enough on weekends.
C．Even one night of sleep loss can affect our daily performance.
D．It doesn't matter if we don't get enough sleep occasionally.
（3）How can we solve the problems caused by sleep loss？        ?
A．By setting aside over 5 hours each night.
B．By reducing negative feelings and symptoms.
C．By doing exercise and listening to music.
D．By sparing over 6 hours to sleep each night.
（4）What is the text mainly about？        ?
A．The concept of sleep loss.
B．The consequences of sleep loss.
C．The methods of avoiding sleep loss.
D．The causes of sleep loss.

共享时间:2023-02-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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203976. （2024•高新一中•高二下期末）     This week Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy released a warning about the risks that social media presents to the mental health of children and teenagers.Adolescent mental health has been declining for years，and an increasing amount of research suggests that social media platforms could be partially to blame.But experts continue to debate just how much impact they have.
   Numerous studies demonstrate that adolescent rates of depression，anxiety and loneliness have skyrocketed in the U.S.and elsewhere since around the time that smartphones and social media became ever-present.
   Yet the role social media plays has been widely debated.Some researchers have sounded the alarm，arguing that social media provides the most credible explanation for problems such as enhanced teen loneliness.Other researchers have been sitting on the fence.In 2019 Jeff Hancock founding director of the Social Media Lab at Stanford University，and his colleagues completed an analysis of 226 scientific papers dating back to 2006.They concluded that social media us was associated with a slight increase in depression and anxiety but also improvements in feelings of belonging and connectedness.
   Some recent studies have attempted to clarify the link between social media and mental health，asking，for instance，whether social media use is causing depression or whether people are being more active on social media because they're depressed.In an attempt to present evidence，Massachusetts Institute of Technology economist Alexey Makarin and two of his colleagues conducted mental health surveys taken by college students across the country.Their study，published in 2022，found that swollen rates of depression and anxiety，as well as declined academic performance，followed Facebook's arrival.Makarin says much of the harm they documented came from social comparisons：students viewed the online profiles of their peers and believed them to "have nicer lives，party more often，have more friends and look better."
   "In total，there's an increasingly clear picture that，indeed，social media has a negative impact on mental health，" Makarin says. "We are not saying that social media can explain 100 percent of the rise of mental health issues...But it could potentially explain a sizeable portion."

（1）What do we know about social media？
A．It has negative influence on adolescent mental health.
B．It is the leading cause of adolescent depression.
C．It plays an important role in treating mental illness.
D．Its impact on mental health is still unknown.
（2）What is Jeff Hancock's attitude towards social media？
A．Critical.
B．Objective.
C．Favorable.
D．Indifferent.
（3）How does social media cause harm to teenagers according to Makarin？
A．By threatening their academic performance.
B．By presenting them with online profiles.
C．By encouraging them to party more often.
D．By making them feel worse-off than others.
（4）What is the main purpose of the text？
A．To advocate the harms of social media to teenagers' mental health.
B．To analyze the causes of worsening adolescent mental health.
C．To present findings on the link between social media and mental health.
D．To propose an effective approach to handling mental illness.

共享时间:2024-07-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203641. （2025•西安八十五中•高二上期末）     Playing sports is a lot of fun，but getting hurt is not.（1）
    Wear protective equipment.
    The equipment you wear depends on the sport you play.Helmets are the most common protective equipment.They protect your head while you're playing football，baseball，softball，biking，skateboarding，and so on.
    Warm up.
    （2）       Doing some stretching can get you prepared to hit the field.By warming up，you get yourself ready to play.Warming up your muscles and practicing a sport help keep you safe，too.
    Know the rules of the games.
    Traffic lights help prevent crashes between the cars that drive on the roads together.This works because drivers know the rules and follow them.（3）        .When players know the rules of the game，fewer injuries happen.For example，you know that in soccer you can't come from behind，crash into a player's legs，and steal the ball.
    （4）
    Some rules don't have anything to do with scoring points.Some rules are just about protecting other people.For example，a diver would make sure that the pool was clear before diving in.Otherwise，he or she might land on someone else.
    Don't play when you're injured.
    This is a really important one.If you love sports，you may get right back in the game，even after an injury.（5）       it can lead to an even worse injury.

A.It's just like sports.
B.Watch out for others.
C.Don't do too much exercise.
D.But playing when you're hurt is a bad idea.
E.You can take the following steps to prevent injuries.
F.It's not a good idea to just go to the field and start playing.
G.You and the other players know what to expect from each other.

共享时间:2025-02-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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201617. （2025•临潼区•二模）     Americans' waistlines have grown relentlessly for decades：a costly，debilitating and deadly trend that prompted observers to wonder if and when they would finally stop expanding.Well，the federal government released data Sept.24 showing that the obesity epidemic，one of the most terrible public health crises，might have stopped worsening.And there is the reason to imagine the numbers will get better from here.
    Obesity has been linked to asthma，heart disease，stroke，Type 2 diabetes，some cancers and severe outcomes from respiratory（呼吸的） illnesses.The latest National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，which interviewed nearly 6，000 individuals between August 2021 and August 2023，showed that the epidemic of obesity among adults was 40.3 percent -down from 41.9 percent in the previous survey，conducted between 2017 and 2020.It is the first such decline in more that a decade，and it could mean that，at long last，"obesity epidemic is potentially balancing in the United States，"as a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention official told us.
    Multiple caveats（警告） apply.Even if it has plateaued，the obesity rate is still far too high，having more than tripled since the early 1960s，when it stood at 13 percent；a decade ago，in 2013-2014，it was 37.7 percent.The CDC report indicates that the"severe"obesity rate is up from 7.7 percent a decade ago to 9.7 percent in the latest survey.The statistical tool CDC uses to define obesity，body mass index（BMI），which measures neither body fat nor its distribution within a given individual.And as of yet，there is no precise explanation for the encouraging new data.Factors such as genes，certain medications，sleep quality，gut fauna，stress，nutrition and access to health care all affect obesity.
    In a 2023 study，scientists at the National Kapodistrian University in Athens hypothesized（假设）that obesity might be peaking worldwide because it has reached"a biological limit".That is，nearly all the people genetically susceptible（易受影响的） to obesity are obese already.Another possibility：production of highly processed foods has maxed out relative to the world's ability to consume it.Also，public health campaigns might have had their intended effects：increased awareness，promoting healthier food choices and more opportunities for physical activity.
    The decline in the obesity rate was not quite as dramatic as the one in teen vaping（电子烟）；the data might not even suggest a permanent plateau in obesity rates.Still，the numbers give reason for hope-and more hard work.

（1）What's the main idea of the first paragraph？
A.There are less fat people than ever before.
B.There are more fat people than ever before.
C.Americans are worried about their waistlines.
D.Americans don't know when they will be thin.
（2）What can be known from the passage？
A.The obesity rate is not so high any more according to the recent survey.
B.Obesity will not exist in the United States according to the recent survey.
C.Obesity epidemic decreases a little within twenty years for the first time.
D.BMI measures both body fat and its distribution within a given individual.
（3）What does the underlined word"plateaued"in the third paragraph mean？
A.Reached the peak.
B.Reached the balance.
C.Reached the bottom.
D.Reached the standard.
（4）In which column of the newspaper can we read the passage？
A.Culture.
B.Biography.
C.Literature.
D.Health.

共享时间:2025-03-26 难度:2 相似度:2

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203748. （2024•西工大附中•高二上期末）     A key part of starting to exercise is choosing when to work out.Morning，afternoon，or evening：Which time is best？Scientists have studied this dilemma extensively.
    For beginners，morning workouts are often the most frightening.Trading a cozy，nurturing bed for an unpleasant，unforgiving fitness center can be a rude awakening to say the least.But morning workouts have their advantages.Challenging the body triggers the release of endorphins（内啡肽），which can make you more productive and attentive at work.Moreover，for those who struggle to fall asleep at night，habitual morning exercise may help to reset their circadian rhythms，the internal，biological processes that regulate the24-hour sleep-wake cycle.
    But early exercisers may not be able to achieve peak performance.Stiffer muscles，fewer stored energy reserves from overnight fasting，and a.slightly cooler body temperature in the morning add up to disturb exercise output.Therefore，more enthusiastic exercisers might prefer working out in the afternoon.A small，12-week study focusing on pre-diabetic and diabetic men found that afternoon training produced slightly more beneficial metabolic（新陈代谢的）effects and resulted in a little more fat loss compared to morning training.
    Finally，some folks may decide to work out later in the evening.Studies centered around this time of day tend to focus on whether or not nightly exercise negatively impacts sleep quality.Gathered research suggests it does not and，instead，actually improves sleep.However，intense exercise performed within an hour of one's bedtime absolutely will make it more difficult to fall asleep.For this reason，most exercise experts recommend at least 90 minutes of downtime between the conclusion of an exercise session and attempting to fall asleep.
    Whether morning，afternoon，or evening，it is optimal（最佳的）if exercise timing remains somewhat consistent，research has found.For example，a competitive marathon runner will exhibit the best performance when his/her exercise training sessions occur at the same time-of-day as the marathon.Still，it is perfectly fine to mix up your workout times to fit with your schedule.The average person need not worry over when to work out just because of some slight bodily differences based on time-of-day.Regular exercises，after all，perhaps the single best thing that humans can do for their health，and ideally，it should serve as stress relief rather than something to stress over.

（1）Which of the following can benefit a man with sleeping disorder？
A.Sleeping immediately after workouts.
B.Regular workouts between 7 a.m.and 10 a.m..
C.Reducing the exercise time by at least 90 minutes.
D.Exercise between 2 p.m.and 5 p.m..
（2）Which of the following is right for diabetic men？
A.It is hard to lose weight in the morning.
B.Morning exercise produces harmful metabolic effects.
C.Diabetic men are easy to lose more fat.
D.Exercise may be more efficient in the afternoon.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.The average person varies slightly in body.
B.A marathon runner will perform best in the training.
C.It's good to exercise at the same time every day.
D.It is fine to exercise ahead of schedule.
（4）Which one is the most suitable title？
A.Exercise：A dilemma
B.AM or PM：When is the best time to exercise？
C.Exercise timing should remain：consistent
D.The advantage of exercise

共享时间:2024-02-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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204595. （2023•高新一中•高二下期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do Weighted Blankets Work？ Sleep is supposed to be a natural thing，but if you wrestle with insomnia（失眠症），you may be tempted to try pieces of equipment that promise better sleep.（1）
    "They've become the sleep tool to have，" says Alanna McGinn，founder and lead sleep expert at Good Night Sleep Site. "I'm a huge supporter of them because they can work so well."
    About 32 percent of Americans don't get enough sleep，according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.（2）        Insomnia impacts as many as 35 percent of adults from time to time，while 10 percent have chronic trouble falling and staying asleep.Choose one that's around 10 percent of your body weight.
    （3）        Inside is a layer of plastic，glass or metal balls surrounded by filling.McGinn says the blanket's heaviness acts as a touch therapy called deep pressure stimulation.Just as wrapping babies tightly can send them to sleep，these blankets help your heart and breathing rates slow and your body release feel-good hormones，including serotonin（血清素）.
    Are they effective？A 2020 review study in the U.S.looked at eight previous studies and concluded that weighted blankets helped reduce anxiety—but not necessarily insomnia.（4）        A randomized controlled study in Sweden looked at 120 people with insomnia and also depression or anxiety.（5）        People with conditions such as diabetes or breathing issues，however，should check with their doctor before using one. "And if you're someone who is a little afraid of an enclosed space，it's probably not the best thing for you，" adds McGinn.

A.It recommends at least seven hours a night for adults.
B.Those who used a weighted blanket slept better and were less tired or anxious.
C.The study found a significant rise in the related symptoms.
D.But other 2020 research tells a slightly different story.
E.One that might sound a little weird but that has been known to work is a weighted blanket.
F.Dealing with such problems can be more or less tricky.
G.Weighted blankets range between two and 14 kilograms

共享时间:2023-07-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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204079. （2023•西安中学•高一上期末） Your chair is your enemy.
It doesn't matter if you go running every morning，or you're a regular at the gym.If you spend most of the rest of the day sitting，you are putting yourself at increased chance of heart disease，cancers and an early death.In other words，even if you exercise energetically，sitting for long periods is bad for you.
So what's wrong with sitting？One is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do.You burn more energy by chewing gum than you do sitting still in a chair.Compared to sitting，standing in one place is hard work.To stand，you have to tense your leg muscles，and the muscles of your back and shoulders.While standing，you often change from leg to leg.All of this burns energy.
For many people，weight gain is a matter of slow increase.Thus，a little more time on your feet today and tomorrow can easily make the difference between remaining thin and getting fat.So part of the problem with sitting a lot is that you don't use as much energy as those who spend more time on their feet. This makes it easier to gain weight，and makes you more likely to suffer from the health problems that fatness often brings.
Some people have advanced solutions：replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk.Make sure that your television can only operate if you are practising on an exercise bike.Replace your office chair with a therapy （治疗） ball：this too uses more muscles，and more energy，than a normal chair，because you have to support your back and work to keep balanced.But whatever you choose，know this.It is clear：be careful of your chair.

（1）The main purpose of writing this passage is to        .
A．suggest sitting less
B．advise exercising often
C．avoid gaining weight
D．escape standing more
（2）From this passage，we know that        .
A．standing burns nearly as much energy as sitting still does
B．taking exercise regularly but sitting more will do good
C．less exercise will reduce the chance of having disease
D．energy-burning activities will help you enjoy good health
（3）The underlined word "This" in paragraph 4 refers to "        ".
A．Gaining weight
B．Burning energy
C．Sitting too much
D．Standing more
（4）A therapy ball is mentioned in the last paragraph to        .
A．tell us to walk while working in the office
B．suggest a way to settle the sitting problem
C．support our back and keep us balanced
D．provide a better cure for our backache

共享时间:2023-02-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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206073. （2016•七十中•高二下期末） No one can change the weather．Nobody can control the weather．But if we read correctly the signs around us，we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be．This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting．
For many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting．Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain．That many people feel their joints（关节） hurt is a sign of wet weather．Some birds fly high if the weather is fine，but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way．If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．Such rainbows come in the evening．If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue．If a fog appears in the morning just above a river，then the day will be warm．If the sunset is mostly red in color，then the following day will be fine．If a rainbow appears in the morning，rainy weather will probably come．
Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting．
（1）Which is true about weather forecasting？
A．Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like．
B．Weather forecasting is a report about the weather．
C．Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain．
D．People can change the weather forecasting．
（2）Which of the following can be used here to replace the underlined phrase"on the way"？
A．continuing
B．reducing．
C．coming．
D．disappearing．
（3）Which of the following signs can tell the weather will probably be rainy？
A．Some birds fly high．
B．A rainbow appears in the morning．
C．The sunset is mostly red in color．
D．Fogs appear in the morning just above a river．
（4）The best title of the passage is       ．
A．Weather forecasting plays an important role in our life
B．Weather forecasting can bring people some signs of weather
C．Weather is forecasted only by eyes and brains．
D．People can predict weather by experience in daily life．

共享时间:2016-07-21 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202388. （2021•西安中学•十模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have turned ordinary sheets of wood into transparent material that is nearly as clear as glass，but stronger and with better insulating properties（隔热性）.It could become an energy efficient building material in the future.
   Wood is made of two basic ingredients：cellulose，which are tiny fibres，and lignin （木质素），which is a glue-like material that bonds the fibres together to give it strength.The lignin also contains molecules called chromophores，which give the wood its brown color and prevent light from passing through.
   Early attempts to make transparent wood involved removing the lignin，but this involved harmful chemicals，high temperatures and a lot of time，making the product expensive and somewhat fragile.The new technique is so cheap and easy that it could literally be done in a backyard.
   Starting with pieces of wood a meter long and one millimeter thick，the scientists simply brushed on a solution（溶液）of hydrogen peroxide using an ordinary paint brush.When left in the sun，or under a UV lamp for an hour or so，the peroxide remove color from the brown chromophores but left the lignin undamaged，so the wood turned white.Next，they filled the wood with a tough transparent epoxy，which filled in the spaces in the wood and then hardened.This made the white wood transparent.
   As window material，it would be much more resistant to accidental breakage.The clear wood is lighter than glass，with better insulating properties，which is important because windows are a major source of heat loss in buildings.It also might take less energy to produce clear wood because there are no high temperatures involved.
   Transparent wood could become an alternative to glass in energy efficient buildings，or perhaps coverings for solar panels in harsh environments.There could be no end of uses.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of wood strength.
B．The characteristics of wood.
C．The causes of wood color.
D．The structure of wood.
（2）How did the researchers make wood transparent in the past？
A．By removing the lignin.
B．By reducing chemicals.
C．By lowering the temperature.
D．By changing the experiment site.
（3）What is the function of the epoxy？
A．To make the wood stronger.
B．To take away the brown color.
C．To turn the wood transparent.
D．To fill the spaces in the wood.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Replacing Glass with Wood
B．Turning Wood Transparent
C．Energy Saving Material
D．Eco-friendly Alternative

共享时间:2021-07-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204942. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016，accounting for nearly one in ten deaths，according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018. "It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health，" said Sadie Boniface，head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies.While there is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking，with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health，according to a recent study.
   In the observational study，researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25，000 people in the UK，and their brain scans.The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter—regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed，" according to lead author Anya Topiwala，a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
   "The more people drank，the less the volume of their gray matter，" Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia （痴呆）.Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing，" she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this （0.8%），it was a greater contribution than other 'changeable' risk factors，" she said，explaining that changeable risk factors are "ones you can do something about，in contrast to aging."
   The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns，beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking—meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it.They also found no evidence that the type of drink—such as wine，spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain.
   However，certain characteristics，such as high blood pressure or obesity，could put people at higher risk，researchers added.So we shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks.

（1）How was the observational study developed？
A．By comparing brain and health.
B．By comparing people and the researchers.
C．By comparing information and gray matter.
D．By comparing alcohol intake and brain scans.
（2）What is the result of the research？
A．Drinking wine have no impact on brain.
B．Drinking spirits have more impact on brain.
C．Drinking alcohol can cause reducing of brain volume.
D．Drinking alcohol can lead to obesity.
（3）Which of the following groups has a higher risk when drinking alcohol？
A．People drinking more types.
B．People with high blood pressure.
C．People selling the wine.
D．People with diabetes.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？
A．Stay Away From Alcohol.
B．Lack of Sleep.
C．Consumer Health.
D．Keep-fit Exercise.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202501. （2021•西安中学•一模） Free school meals are back in the news.Footballer Marcus Rashford's petition（请愿书） to extend free school meals provision （供给） into the school holidays has collected 1.1 million signatures，causing the government to reverse policy.It has restarted the debate over free school meals，fuelled，most recently，by figures forecasting that if the government ends as planned the current ￡20 top-up（附加款），another 200，000 children will slip into poverty.This is in addition to the 550，000 children already living in poverty previous to COVID-19.
   The roots of the current school meals system lie in the mid-19th century.In Manchester，independent charities as well as official bodies started to provide free meals for undernourished children in the 1870s.When education became compulsory in the following decades，the extent of the issue became apparent.Proponents of feeding starving children pointed out that it was due to government order that children were in school，not working and contributing to the family food budget，so the government should pay.
   Reception was mixed.Then，as now，children rejected foods they weren't used to.Diaries of the time talked of "little bags of mystery" （sausages）.Some children were put off brassicas （芥菜类） for life.Finding the balance between cheap and good proved hard.The chief medical officer talked about the lack in calorie value and elements of a well-balanced diet which a needy child does not get at home，such as milk，cheese，eggs，green vegetables，fruit and meat.In 1980，the Tory government，desperate to cut costs，made provision largely optional and abolished nutritional standards.Over the next 15 years convenience and cost became the most important.
   Today，school meals provision is linked to benefits：in England around 17 percent of children are entitled to free school meals.Provision is outsourced （外包），leading to huge variation.In the last year，we've seen all of the age-old debates repeated once more.How do we decide who is entitled？How do we guarantee quality？Who decides what children eat？Who pays？Undernutrition does not just have physical effects，but also affects behavior and ability to learn.It has a lifelong impact.The arguments around free school meals seem never to end.But they are hugely important and，until poverty is ended，they will not and should not go away.

（1）Why did Marcus Rashford start the petition？
A．To feed an increasing number of children in poverty.
B．To restart the debate over free school meals.
C．To raise fund for hunger relief for children.
D．To lift children out of poverty.
（2）What does the paragraph 2 probably talk about？
A．Manchester and independent charities set up school free meals.
B．It was government that should pay for the school meals.
C．How did the current school meals system come into existence？
D．It was compulsory education that contributed to free school meals.
（3）What can we infer about school meals from paragraph 3？
A．Some children liked brassicas provided in the school.
B．School meals were both tasty and cheap.
C．School meals failed to meet children's nutritional needs.
D．The Tory government chose nutrition over cost.
（4）What does the writer think of the debates over free school meals？
A．Never-ending.
B．Meaningless.
C．Influential.
D．Necessary.

共享时间:2021-03-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202520. （2021•西安中学•二模） Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day and both total body fat percentage and abdominal or trunk fat.
   They found that women aged 20---40 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest level of obesity，3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee.Among women aged between 45-69，those who drank four or more cups had an obesity percentage 4.1% lower.
   Overall，the average total body fat percentage was 2.8% lower among women of all ages who drank two or three cups of coffee per day.
   The findings were consistent whether the coffee consumed was caffeinated（含咖啡因的）or decaffinated and among smokers/non-smokers and those suffering from chronic diseases（慢性病） when compared to those in good health.
   In men，the relationship was less significant although men aged 20-44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.3% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who didn't consume coffee.
   Around 7 million tons of coffee is consumed globally every year.Dr.Lee Smith，senior author of the study，said： "Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weight and which could potentially be used as anti-obesity compounds."
   "It could be possible that coffee，or its effective ingredients could be integrated into a healthy diet strategy to reduce the burden of chronic conditions related to the obesity，" Dr.Lee Smith added. "It's important to interpret the findings of this study in light of its limitations - the study was at a specific point in time so trends cannot be established.However，we don't believe that someone's weight is likely to influence their coffee consumption."

（1）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Coffee has less effect on men than women in fat according to the findings.
B．The women aged 20-44 like to drink two or three cups of coffee per day.
C．The researchers found that the coffee consumers preferred caffeinated coffee.
D．Trends will be established to limit people's weight by their coffee consumption.
（2）What in coffee mainly influences body fat according to Dr.Lee Smith？
A．The caffeine.
B．The decaffeinated.
C．The effective compounds.
D．The rich nutrition.
（3）What might the study be used for？
A．Developing a new coffee.
B．The treatment of obesity.
C．The treatment of heart disease.
D．The study of physical differences between the sexes.
（4）Where is this text most likely from？
A．A diary.
B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.
D．A magazine.

共享时间:2021-03-16 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2023-07-11

高中英语 | 高一下 | 阅读理解

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