失眠症

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213192. （2024•沣东中学•高二下期中）     It's no secret that sleep is important to your overall health，but a lack of sleep could have great effects on your heart，a new study shows.The researchers said people with insomnia（失眠症）are more likely to have a heart attack.
    Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the US，the researchers wrote in their report，noting that 10% to 15% of people in the US struggle with it.The meta–analysis of previously published research suggests that the potential association between insomnia and heart attack risk is strongest in women.
    Dr.Martha Gulati，director of prevention at the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute，said that most of her patients are women and that insomnia is a noted risk factor for women who have had any form of ischemic heart disease."We see it probably in 1 in 10 patients in the United States，"said Gulati，who was not involved in the new research."It is my impression that almost everyone experiences insomnia at some point in their life.The estimate is that 1 in 2 adults experience it at some point in their life，maybe in the short term because of stressful moments."
    For their analysis，the researchers defined insomnia as a sleep disorder with three main symptoms（症状）：Difficulty falling asleep，difficulty staying asleep and waking early and being unable to fall back asleep.
    The study also found an association between increased heart attack risk and how long a participant slept each night.Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours.Longer sleep duration wasn't always more protective.The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more."A lot of studies have pointed somewhere between seven and eight hours of sleep being the magic number for us，"another researcher said."There is obviously variability for everyone，but too much sleep is rarely the issue."

（1）What's the function of the first paragraph？
A.To list a fact.
B.To warn the readers.
C.To introduce the topic.
D.To draw the readers' interest.
（2）What can we infer from Gulati words？
A.Insomnia is unavoidable in the short term.
B.Insomnia is a common phenomenon in life.
C.Heart attack often happens during insomnia.
D.Women are less experienced in dealing with insomnia.
（3）What inspiration can we get according to the sleeping time？
A.Put quality before quantity.
B.Too much is as bad as too little.
C.Bite off more than one can chew.
D.Hope for the best，but prepare for the worst.
（4）What's the author's attitude to the relationship between insomnia and heart attack？
A.Pessimistic.
B.Indifferent.
C.Objective.
D.Positive.

共享时间:2024-05-29 难度:2

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[考点]

健康，说明文，

[答案]

（1）﹣（4）CBAC

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段It's no secret that sleep is important to your overall health，but a lack of sleep could have great effects on your heart，a new study shows.The researchers said people with insomnia（失眠症）are more likely to have a heart attack.（众所周知，睡眠对你的整体健康很重要，但一项新的研究显示，睡眠不足可能对你的心脏有很大影响。研究人员表示，失眠的人更有可能患心脏病。）可知第一段的作用是引出主题：睡眠不足对心脏健康的影响。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段"We see it probably in 1 in 10 patients in the United States，"said Gulati，who was not involved in the new research."It is my impression that almost everyone experiences insomnia at some point in their life.The estimate is that 1 in 2 adults experience it at some point in their life，maybe in the short term because of stressful moments."（"在美国，我们可能在十分之一的患者中看到它，"Gulati说，他没有参与这项新的研究。"在我的印象中，几乎每个人都会在一生中的某个时候经历失眠。据估计，有1/2的成年人在一生中的某个时候会经历这种情况，可能是因为压力大而在短期内经历这种情况。）可知从Gulati的话来看，失眠是生活中常见的现象。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours.Longer sleep duration wasn't always more protective.The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more."A lot of studies have pointed somewhere between seven and eight hours of sleep being the magic number for us，"another researcher said."There is obviously variability for everyone，but too much sleep is rarely the issue."（睡眠时间不超过5小时的人患心脏病的风险最高，比睡眠时间在7到8小时的人患心脏病的风险高1.56倍。更长的睡眠时间并不总是更有保护作用。研究发现，每晚睡六个小时的人比睡九个小时或更多的人患心脏病的风险低。另一位研究人员说："许多研究指出，7到8小时的睡眠对我们来说是个神奇的数字。"。"很明显，每个人都有差异，但睡眠过多很少会成为问题."）可知把质量放在数量之前。A.Put quality before quantity.把质量放在数量之前；B.Too much is as bad as too little.太多和太少一样糟糕；C.Bite off more than one can chew.贪多嚼不烂；D.Hope for the best，but prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，做最坏的准备。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The study also found an association between increased heart attack risk and how long a participant slept each night.Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours（该研究还发现，心脏病发作风险的增加与参与者每晚睡多长时间有关。睡眠时间少于或等于5小时的人患心脏病的风险最高，比睡眠时间在7到8小时的人患心脏病的风险高1.56倍）可知作者对失眠和心脏病之间关系的态度是客观的。A.Pessimistic.悲观的；B.Indifferent.不在乎的；C.Objective.客观的；D.Positive积极的。.故选C。

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213688. （2023•高新一中•高二下期中） Green exercise is a term used to describe any type of physical exercise that takes place in a natural environment rather than in a health club or gym. （1）       .Instead，it relies on the use of natural means of taking part in activities that improve strength and endurance with as little reliance on equipment as possible.
（2）       .For example，some consider a truly natural exercise experience requires that the individual wear clothing only made from natural fibers.Others consider barefoot running or walking with a big arena to be more desirable than running or walking with shoes.
   A slightly different approach to green exercise puts more stress on the fresh air，sunshine and involvement with the natural world，rather than the equipment or clothing used during the exercise. （3）       .Similarly，climbing a mountain using standard equipment and protective clothing would also be considered a green exercise.
   Many consider green exercise helps to reconnect human beings with the natural world.The interaction with nature helps to lower people's blood pressure，refresh their mind，and actually improve their self-esteem. （4）       .
   Not everyone believes that the green exercise is more beneficial than working out in a health club or gym. （5）       .Meanwhile，the use of fitness devices may result in more challenging workouts which help strengthen the heart and lungs in ways that more simplistic exercise in a natural setting would be difficult to manage.

A．A green gym uses as little equipment as possible
B．Spirits are also believed to be positively affected
C．Opinions on what truly green exercise means differ
D．Green exercise includes a range of activities exposed to nature
E．So riding a bicycle in the forest can be called a type of green exercise
F．It usually doesn't use fitness equipment that is normally found in a gym
G．Some point out that many health clubs are built to make full use of natural light

共享时间:2023-05-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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213269. （2024•西安八十五中•高一下期中）     How many times have you heard that reducing stress is important for good health？But stress isn't always the enemy.In fact，research suggests some is actually good for you，with possible benefits ranging from better brain function to healthier aging.
    Firstly，it's ubiquitous：Research suggests people feel at least some stress on 90% of their days.When stress worsens for a long time and can't be solved，it can cause mental and physical health problems，even raising your risk for conditions like heart disease.But in most cases，a stress response （反应） is important.It can help you get through a hard time or even escape physical danger.And，when stress is managed well，it can lead to better health and happiness in the future.
    Stress can be damaging—but proper amount of stress can be helpful，according to Assaf Oshri，a professor at the University of Georgia.Oshri says，"Resilience （适应力） comes from your interactions （相互作用） with the environment.If people don't experience any stress，they may not build up resilience.If they experience too much，their happiness may suffer.But there seems to be a balance between the two，where stress improves mental health and helps people recover from difficult situations."
    When people face pressure，some approaches can also be taken to deal with it.Playing sports can help to find a balance in the face of stress，according to some experts.Turning to loved ones during tough times is important too.And if you can，remind yourself that stress is a difficult but necessary part of life.
    "You can't choose exactly what happens to you，but you can choose your response in the moment，" Jonathan Rush，a professor at the University of Victoria in Canada，says. "Having the idea that you can overcome things，you can grow from things；whatever happens，you will have a path forward—that's what matters most."

（1）What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Special.
B.Common.
C.Popular.
D.Interesting.
（2）What benefit does proper pressure bring to people according to Oshri？
A.It can help people keep a balance between life and work.
B.It can increase people's interactions with each other.
C.It can help people know their physical danger.
D.It can promote people's mental health.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A.The influence of sports on stress.
B.The ways to deal with stress.
C.The approaches to having a happy life.
D.The key to avoiding challenging times.
（4）According to Rush，what is most important when facing stress？
A.Having a positive response.
B.Explaining what happened.
C.Relying on your loved ones.
D.Learning from others' experiences.

共享时间:2024-05-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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204441. （2023•临潼区•高一下期末）     Mounting evidence suggests that longtime sitting—a main part of modern-day life—is risky to your health，even if you exercise regularly.Based on these findings，doctors advise all adults to sit less and move more.But how often do we need to get up from our chairs？And for how long？
    Few studies have compared multiple options to come up with the answer most office workers want：What is the least amount of activity needed to counteract the health effects of a workday filled with sitting？
   Now a study by Columbia University exercise physiologists has an answer.Unlike other studies that test one or two activity options，the study tested five different exercise "snacks"，or short bursts of activity after a period of time's sitting：one minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting，one minute after 60 minutes，five minutes every 30，five minutes every 60 and no walking.
    The proper amount of movement，the researchers found，was five minutes of walking every 30 minutes.This was the only amount that greatly lowered both blood sugar and blood pressure.In addition，this walking routine had an impressive effect on how the participants responded to large meals，reducing blood sugar spikes（峰值） by 58% compared with sitting all day.Taking a walking break every 30 minutes for one minute also provided modest benefits for blood sugar levels throughout the day，while walking every 60 minutes，either for one minute or five minutes，provided no benefit.
    What we know now is that for best health，you need to move regularly at work，in addition to a daily exercise routine.While that may sound impractical，the findingow that even small amounts of walking sp read through the work day can greatly lower your risk of heart disease and other chronic （慢性的） illnesses.

（1）What does the study by Columbia University focus on？
A．What adultould do to keep exercising regularly.
B．When and where we need to sit less and move more.
C．Why longtime sitting every day is risky to our health.
D．How often and how long we need to walk from our chairs.
（2）What does the underlined word"counteract" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Cancel out.
B．Give up.
C．Add to.
D．Benefit from.
（3）Which walking pattern is the most useful for health according to the text？
A．One minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting.
B．One minute of walking after every 60 minutes of sitting.
C．Five minutes of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting.
D．Five minutes of walking after every 60 minutes of sitting.
（4）What does the last paragraph show？
A．The risks of heart disease and other illnesses.
B．The suggestions on the health of the office staff.
C．The daily exercise routine sui table for everyone.
D．The ways of moving regularly at work every day.

共享时间:2023-07-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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204242. （2023•长安区一中•高二上期末）     All it takes is three continuous nights of sleep loss to cause your mental and physical well-being to greatly worsen.
    A new study looked at the consequences of sleeping fewer than six hours for eight nights on end — the minimum duration of sleep that is necessary to support best health in average adults.
    Lead author Soomi Lee，assistant professor at the University of South Florida，found the biggest jump in symptoms appeared after just one night of sleep loss.The number of mental and physical problems steadily got worse，peaking on day three.At that point，research shows the human body got relatively used to repeated sleep loss.But that all changed on day six，when participants reported that the severity of physical symptoms was at its worst.
    "Many of us think that we can pay our sleep debt on weekends and be more productive on weekdays." Lee said. "However，results from this study show that having just one night of sleep loss can significantly weaken your daily functioning."
    Data provided by the Midlife in the United Study included nearly 2000 middle-aged adults who were relatively healthy and well-educated.Among them 42% had at least one night of sleep loss，sleeping 1.5 fewer hours than their typical routines.
    They recorded their mental and physical behaviors in a diary for eight days in a row，allowing researchers to review how sleep loss causes wear and tear on the body.Participants reported a pile-up of angry，nervous，lonely，bad-tempered and frustrated feelings as a result of sleep loss.They also experienced more physical symptoms，such as upper respiratory issues，aches，gastrointestinal （肠胃的） problems and other health concerns.
    These negative feelings and symptoms were continuously sharpened throughout continuous sleep loss days and didn't return to baseline levels unless they had a night sleep of more than six hours.
    Lee says the best way to maintain a strong daily performance is to set aside more than six hours to sleep every night.

（1）When did participants have the worst physical symptoms？        ?
A．On day 1.
B．On day 3.
C．On day 6.
D．On day 8.
（2）What does the fourth paragraph suggest？        ?
A．We can make up for sleep loss on weekends.
B．We can improve our efficiency if we sleep enough on weekends.
C．Even one night of sleep loss can affect our daily performance.
D．It doesn't matter if we don't get enough sleep occasionally.
（3）How can we solve the problems caused by sleep loss？        ?
A．By setting aside over 5 hours each night.
B．By reducing negative feelings and symptoms.
C．By doing exercise and listening to music.
D．By sparing over 6 hours to sleep each night.
（4）What is the text mainly about？        ?
A．The concept of sleep loss.
B．The consequences of sleep loss.
C．The methods of avoiding sleep loss.
D．The causes of sleep loss.

共享时间:2023-02-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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204079. （2023•西安中学•高一上期末） Your chair is your enemy.
It doesn't matter if you go running every morning，or you're a regular at the gym.If you spend most of the rest of the day sitting，you are putting yourself at increased chance of heart disease，cancers and an early death.In other words，even if you exercise energetically，sitting for long periods is bad for you.
So what's wrong with sitting？One is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do.You burn more energy by chewing gum than you do sitting still in a chair.Compared to sitting，standing in one place is hard work.To stand，you have to tense your leg muscles，and the muscles of your back and shoulders.While standing，you often change from leg to leg.All of this burns energy.
For many people，weight gain is a matter of slow increase.Thus，a little more time on your feet today and tomorrow can easily make the difference between remaining thin and getting fat.So part of the problem with sitting a lot is that you don't use as much energy as those who spend more time on their feet. This makes it easier to gain weight，and makes you more likely to suffer from the health problems that fatness often brings.
Some people have advanced solutions：replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk.Make sure that your television can only operate if you are practising on an exercise bike.Replace your office chair with a therapy （治疗） ball：this too uses more muscles，and more energy，than a normal chair，because you have to support your back and work to keep balanced.But whatever you choose，know this.It is clear：be careful of your chair.

（1）The main purpose of writing this passage is to        .
A．suggest sitting less
B．advise exercising often
C．avoid gaining weight
D．escape standing more
（2）From this passage，we know that        .
A．standing burns nearly as much energy as sitting still does
B．taking exercise regularly but sitting more will do good
C．less exercise will reduce the chance of having disease
D．energy-burning activities will help you enjoy good health
（3）The underlined word "This" in paragraph 4 refers to "        ".
A．Gaining weight
B．Burning energy
C．Sitting too much
D．Standing more
（4）A therapy ball is mentioned in the last paragraph to        .
A．tell us to walk while working in the office
B．suggest a way to settle the sitting problem
C．support our back and keep us balanced
D．provide a better cure for our backache

共享时间:2023-02-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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203995. （2023•师大附中•高一下期末）     Working out for 30 minutes every day "might not be enough" to counter the health issues created by long time sitting，according to a sweeping new study.
    The new study，unlike the past ones that examined sitting and formal exercise separately，ignoring light activities，involved 3702 people to find out how those all affected people's health indices（指数）.
    With the data collected，researchers characterized people by how they moved.The first group dutifully exercised for a half-hour and then sat，almost nonstop，for more than 10 hours a day.Another group similarly worked out for 30 minutes and sat for long hours.But，in between，they rose often and took walks around，spending time in light activities like fetching another cup of coffee.The third group sat，uninterrupted，for up to 10 hours，but also collected an hour of exercise most days.The final group，which the researchers named "the movers，" exercised about an hour most days，while also moving lightly for about two hours more.
    When the researchers cross-checked these groups against people's current health data，the first group had the worst indices.On the contrary，the other groups were all better off and to about the same extent，with relatively improved blood sugar control and cholesterol（胆固醇） levels and about 8 percent less body fat than the first group.
    "A single 30-minute，daily workout 'might not be enough' to reduce the downsides of long time sitting，" said Vahid Farrahi，the lead author of the new study."In addition to a brisk（轻快的） workout，we need to move lightly and often，cleaning，taking the stairs，taking a walk in the halls or just not remaining still."

（1）How is the new study different from the previous ones？
A．It examined sitting and exercise separately.
B．It proved that light activities were ignored.
C．It took light activities into consideration.
D．It suggested working out for a half-hour.
（2）What do we know from the data in the new study？
A．The first group spent a half-hour on light activities after long sitting.
B．The second group got similar improved health indices as the movers.
C．The third group collected an hour's exercise during 10 hours' sitting.
D．The movers got up every 30 minutes for formal exercise for an hour.
（3）What light activity is suggested to go with formal exercise？
A．Reading while sitting.
B．Swimming in the pool.
C．Working out in the gym.
D．Walking in the gym hall.
（4）What can we infer from Vahid's words？
A．It's better to exercise more often than half an hour every day.
B．Moving lightly and often is more useful than we have thought.
C．Working out harder and longer is better than just moving lightly.
D．A 30-minute workout has little help for long time sitting problems.

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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203976. （2024•高新一中•高二下期末）     This week Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy released a warning about the risks that social media presents to the mental health of children and teenagers.Adolescent mental health has been declining for years，and an increasing amount of research suggests that social media platforms could be partially to blame.But experts continue to debate just how much impact they have.
   Numerous studies demonstrate that adolescent rates of depression，anxiety and loneliness have skyrocketed in the U.S.and elsewhere since around the time that smartphones and social media became ever-present.
   Yet the role social media plays has been widely debated.Some researchers have sounded the alarm，arguing that social media provides the most credible explanation for problems such as enhanced teen loneliness.Other researchers have been sitting on the fence.In 2019 Jeff Hancock founding director of the Social Media Lab at Stanford University，and his colleagues completed an analysis of 226 scientific papers dating back to 2006.They concluded that social media us was associated with a slight increase in depression and anxiety but also improvements in feelings of belonging and connectedness.
   Some recent studies have attempted to clarify the link between social media and mental health，asking，for instance，whether social media use is causing depression or whether people are being more active on social media because they're depressed.In an attempt to present evidence，Massachusetts Institute of Technology economist Alexey Makarin and two of his colleagues conducted mental health surveys taken by college students across the country.Their study，published in 2022，found that swollen rates of depression and anxiety，as well as declined academic performance，followed Facebook's arrival.Makarin says much of the harm they documented came from social comparisons：students viewed the online profiles of their peers and believed them to "have nicer lives，party more often，have more friends and look better."
   "In total，there's an increasingly clear picture that，indeed，social media has a negative impact on mental health，" Makarin says. "We are not saying that social media can explain 100 percent of the rise of mental health issues...But it could potentially explain a sizeable portion."

（1）What do we know about social media？
A．It has negative influence on adolescent mental health.
B．It is the leading cause of adolescent depression.
C．It plays an important role in treating mental illness.
D．Its impact on mental health is still unknown.
（2）What is Jeff Hancock's attitude towards social media？
A．Critical.
B．Objective.
C．Favorable.
D．Indifferent.
（3）How does social media cause harm to teenagers according to Makarin？
A．By threatening their academic performance.
B．By presenting them with online profiles.
C．By encouraging them to party more often.
D．By making them feel worse-off than others.
（4）What is the main purpose of the text？
A．To advocate the harms of social media to teenagers' mental health.
B．To analyze the causes of worsening adolescent mental health.
C．To present findings on the link between social media and mental health.
D．To propose an effective approach to handling mental illness.

共享时间:2024-07-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203748. （2024•西工大附中•高二上期末）     A key part of starting to exercise is choosing when to work out.Morning，afternoon，or evening：Which time is best？Scientists have studied this dilemma extensively.
    For beginners，morning workouts are often the most frightening.Trading a cozy，nurturing bed for an unpleasant，unforgiving fitness center can be a rude awakening to say the least.But morning workouts have their advantages.Challenging the body triggers the release of endorphins（内啡肽），which can make you more productive and attentive at work.Moreover，for those who struggle to fall asleep at night，habitual morning exercise may help to reset their circadian rhythms，the internal，biological processes that regulate the24-hour sleep-wake cycle.
    But early exercisers may not be able to achieve peak performance.Stiffer muscles，fewer stored energy reserves from overnight fasting，and a.slightly cooler body temperature in the morning add up to disturb exercise output.Therefore，more enthusiastic exercisers might prefer working out in the afternoon.A small，12-week study focusing on pre-diabetic and diabetic men found that afternoon training produced slightly more beneficial metabolic（新陈代谢的）effects and resulted in a little more fat loss compared to morning training.
    Finally，some folks may decide to work out later in the evening.Studies centered around this time of day tend to focus on whether or not nightly exercise negatively impacts sleep quality.Gathered research suggests it does not and，instead，actually improves sleep.However，intense exercise performed within an hour of one's bedtime absolutely will make it more difficult to fall asleep.For this reason，most exercise experts recommend at least 90 minutes of downtime between the conclusion of an exercise session and attempting to fall asleep.
    Whether morning，afternoon，or evening，it is optimal（最佳的）if exercise timing remains somewhat consistent，research has found.For example，a competitive marathon runner will exhibit the best performance when his/her exercise training sessions occur at the same time-of-day as the marathon.Still，it is perfectly fine to mix up your workout times to fit with your schedule.The average person need not worry over when to work out just because of some slight bodily differences based on time-of-day.Regular exercises，after all，perhaps the single best thing that humans can do for their health，and ideally，it should serve as stress relief rather than something to stress over.

（1）Which of the following can benefit a man with sleeping disorder？
A.Sleeping immediately after workouts.
B.Regular workouts between 7 a.m.and 10 a.m..
C.Reducing the exercise time by at least 90 minutes.
D.Exercise between 2 p.m.and 5 p.m..
（2）Which of the following is right for diabetic men？
A.It is hard to lose weight in the morning.
B.Morning exercise produces harmful metabolic effects.
C.Diabetic men are easy to lose more fat.
D.Exercise may be more efficient in the afternoon.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.The average person varies slightly in body.
B.A marathon runner will perform best in the training.
C.It's good to exercise at the same time every day.
D.It is fine to exercise ahead of schedule.
（4）Which one is the most suitable title？
A.Exercise：A dilemma
B.AM or PM：When is the best time to exercise？
C.Exercise timing should remain：consistent
D.The advantage of exercise

共享时间:2024-02-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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203641. （2025•西安八十五中•高二上期末）     Playing sports is a lot of fun，but getting hurt is not.（1）
    Wear protective equipment.
    The equipment you wear depends on the sport you play.Helmets are the most common protective equipment.They protect your head while you're playing football，baseball，softball，biking，skateboarding，and so on.
    Warm up.
    （2）       Doing some stretching can get you prepared to hit the field.By warming up，you get yourself ready to play.Warming up your muscles and practicing a sport help keep you safe，too.
    Know the rules of the games.
    Traffic lights help prevent crashes between the cars that drive on the roads together.This works because drivers know the rules and follow them.（3）        .When players know the rules of the game，fewer injuries happen.For example，you know that in soccer you can't come from behind，crash into a player's legs，and steal the ball.
    （4）
    Some rules don't have anything to do with scoring points.Some rules are just about protecting other people.For example，a diver would make sure that the pool was clear before diving in.Otherwise，he or she might land on someone else.
    Don't play when you're injured.
    This is a really important one.If you love sports，you may get right back in the game，even after an injury.（5）       it can lead to an even worse injury.

A.It's just like sports.
B.Watch out for others.
C.Don't do too much exercise.
D.But playing when you're hurt is a bad idea.
E.You can take the following steps to prevent injuries.
F.It's not a good idea to just go to the field and start playing.
G.You and the other players know what to expect from each other.

共享时间:2025-02-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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212638. （2025•铁一中学•高二下期中）     People vary in how well they discriminate and identify foods.The variation is explained by a general ability to recognize objects.We researchers originally theorized the variability might also be associated with people's attitude toward new foods.Those who endorse statements like"I am particular about what I eat"have food neophobia—refusal of food novelty.Sure enough，our study did find picky eaters scored worst on our tests of food recognition：Food neophobia is negatively correlated with food recognition ability.
    While we were publishing our finding，scientists were debating new findings about how the brain reacts to food and color.Different research groups had identified brain areas in the visual system that responded preferentially to images of food.For instance，looking at a bowl of noodles would activate these brain areas，but not looking at a pile of string.The scientific disagreement was about what it meant to identify a selectivity for food in brain areas already known for their responsiveness to color.
    We repeated our initial study with gray-scale images of food.The result showed without color，people unsurprisingly made more errors，mistaking different dishes as the same，but the pattern of variation across people was otherwise unchanged.Those with a higher general visual ability did better with food.We also found one effect of removing color：Food neophobia was no longer correlated with food recognition ability.It was as if whatever advantage the adventurous eaters had gained over picky ones was all dependent on color.
    We then made an entirely new prediction：Would people with color blindness be less food neophobic than those with normal color perception？Because the colorblind experience food in a restricted range of color，certain signals that raise flags about freshness，safety，or otherwise drive anxiety about novel food could be limited.
    We invited participants online，based on how they answered one question about color blindness buried in a long screening questionnaire.The survey suggested colorblind people were indeed less food neophobic than the non-colorblind.Seeing the world with a narrow color range seems to ease an emotion-based resistance to novel foods.
    Our findings pave the way for addressing extreme cases of food neophobia.As researchers learn more about the complicated relevance between color perception and food，we might develop targeted interventions to improve dietary habits.

（1）What does the underlined word"endorse"mean in paragraph 1？
A.Comment on.
B.Approve of.
C.Worry about.
D.Argue against.
（2）What's the purpose of writing paragraph 2？
A.To illustrate an argument.
B.To emphasize the value of science.
C.To explain the background of later tests.
D.To indicate a positive academic atmosphere.
（3）Why are colorblind people less food neophobic according to the study？
A.They're born with a bigger appetite.
B.They're more expert at recognizing food.
C.They prefer to take risks and try fresh things.
D.They fail to perceive some food signs causing tension.
（4）How did the author uncover the effect of color on emotional responses to food？
A.By experiencing food diversity firsthand.
B.By analyzing feedback from respondents.
C.By testing brains' reaction to colorful foods.
D.By monitoring picky eaters' dietary variations.

共享时间:2025-05-21 难度:2 相似度:2

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212780. （2025•西安一中•高二下期中）     When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. "You don't want to get fat" was on constant repeat throughout my childhood.It really messed up my relationship with food —something that took me years to overcome.Because of this，I'm careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade （劝阻） her from a second dessert.But one day when I heard her saying "I think I'm too fat，" my heart sank.It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact.
    According to Charlotte Markey，a professor of psychology，food is one of the rare subjects where，as parents，saying less is more. "There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them，" she says. "It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren't necessarily healthy."
    Instead，she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the "Division of Responsibility，" where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times，and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume —even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.
    Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. "When your child says， 'My stomach hurts，' you can say， 'Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices，'" says Markey. "Let them feel like they have some control over it."
    I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive，they do make better decisions. "Feeding is a long game，" says Markey. "The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it，they' re seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks."

（1）What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph？
A.She is upset by her kids' weight.
B.She is critical of the way she was fed.
C.She is interested in making food.
D.She is particular about what she eats.
（2）Which of the following would Markey disapprove of？
A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally.
B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times.
C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks.
D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes.
（3）What should kids do according to the "Division of Responsibility"？
A.Make diet decisions on their own.
B.Share their food with other kids.
C.Eat up what is provided for them.
D.Help their parents do the dishes.
（4）What does the author think of the strategiee has been following？
A.Costly.
B.Complex.
C.Workable.
D.Contradictory.

共享时间:2025-05-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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212982. （2023•长安区一中•高一上期中）     Even small amounts of physical activity，like quick walking，may greatly lower the risk of depression（抑郁），according to a new data analysis （分析）.
    Recommended levels of exercise in the United States，according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC），include aerobic （有氧的） activity at proper levels for 2.5 hours a week，along with a workout of all major muscle groups twice a week.Or，a person can choose a high-level aerobic exercise，such as running，for 1.25 hours each week，along with the same amount of strength training.
    Middle-to-high-level exercise is good for us，according to the CDC.It improves sleep，lowers blood pressure，protects against heart disease and diabetes，reduces stress，improves mood，and fights anxiety and depression.But in today's busy world，many people find it difficult to fit in a jog or a visit to the gym. Add depression to the mix，and the motivation for exercise drops even further，experts say.
    The analysis，published Wednesday in the journal JAMA Psychiatry，looked at 15 studies involving over 190，000 people to determine how much exercise was needed to reduce depression.
   Adults who did activities equal to 1.25 hours of quick walking per week had an 18% lower risk of depression compared with those who did not exercise，the study said.Moving up to an "activity amount equal to 2.5 hours of quick walking per week was associated with 25% lower risk of depression，" the study authors said.
    The benefits were strongest when a person changed from being a couch potato to adding movement to the day，the study said.However，exercising over the recommended levels did not provide any additional benefits.
    "Our findings therefore have an important new influence on health doctors making lifestyle recommendations，especially to inactive individuals who may regard the current recommended target of exercise as unrealistic，" the authors wrote.
    A study in 2018 found similar results：People who exercised had about 43% fewer days of poor mental health. "Even just walking three times a week seems to give people better mental health than not exercising at all，" said study author Adam Chekroud，an assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University.

（1）Why does the writer use the figures in Paragraph 2？
A.To make out which exercise is better for health.
B.To recommend the proper levels of exercise.
C.To show the benefits of doing exercise.
D.To provide different ways of exercise.
（2）How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3？
A.Running may possibly add to depression.
B.People tend to exercise more when depressed.
C.Depressed people are less willing to exercise.
D.Working out regularly helps increase motivation.
（3）What does the analysis published in JAMA Psychiatry suggest？
A.Over 190，000 people suffer from poor mental health.
B.2.5 hours of quick walking per week is a must for adults.
C.The recommended levels by CDC go for people of all ages.
D.A couch potato benefits much when taking proper exercise.
（4）Which of the following agrees with Adam Chekroud's idea about exercise？
A.Where there is a will，there is a way.
B.Half a loaf is better than no bread.
C.Rome wasn't built in a day.
D.Practice makes perfect.

共享时间:2023-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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213080. （2023•莲湖区•高二上期中）
Making the switch to a healthy diet Switching to a healthy diet doesn't have to be an all or nothing proposal.You don't have to completely avoid foods you enjoy.（1）        .That usually only leads to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.A better approach is to make a few small changes at a time.
   Prepare more of your own meals.（2）        .It can make you better monitor exactly what goes into your foods.You'll eat fewer calories and avoid the chemical additives，added sugar and unhealthy fats.
（3）       .When cutting back on unhealthy foods in your diet，it's important to replace them with healthy alternatives.Replacing dangerous trans fats （反式脂肪酸） with healthy fats will make a positive difference to your health.
   Focus on how you feel after eating.This will help develop healthy new habits and tastes.（4）        .The more junk food you eat，the more likely you are to feel uncomfortable，boring or tired out.
   Drink plenty of water.Water helps flush our systems of waste products and poison，yet many of us go through life dehydrated （脱水的）—causing tiredness，low energy，and headaches.It's common to mistake thirst for hunger.（5）

A．Make the right changes
B．Setting yourself up for success
C．And you don't have to change everything all at once
D．Eating a healthier diet doesn't have to be complicated
E．The healthier the foods you eat，the better you'll feel after a meal
F．So drinking enough water will also help you make healthier food choices
G．Cooking more meals at home can help you take charge of what you're eating

共享时间:2023-11-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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201988. （2023•新城区•二模） Childhood obesity（肥胖）isn't only caused by over eating.A lot of environmental and lifestyle variables—such as skipping breakfast，irregular sleeping patterns and less sleep time—also contribute towards this disturbing trend，says a new study.
   According to the study conducted by University College London's researchers，children who skip breakfast and sleep less are more likely to have bigger appetites and tend to consume more energy-rich foods throughout the day，leading to excessive weight gain.The team also found that smoking habit of mothers during pregnancy（怀孕）is also one of the contributory factors for a child being overweight.
   Interestingly，these results challenge the conventional belief that over-eating is main cause of increasing obesity rates among children.In addition，factors like watching too much television，consuming sugary drinks，eating fruits and introducing solid food sooner don't certainly lead to childhood obesity.
   The researchers used data from a multi-disciplinary research project that tracks the lives：of children from 19，244 families across the UK，born from September 2020 to January.2021.After analyzing the data，they found that in UK，83.3%of new babies had non-overweight and stable.BMI （身体质量指数）.Only 1% had a mildly increasing BMI，while another 2.5% tended to have a sharply increasing BMI.However，due to poor lifestyle choices and environmental factors，6% of the children were already overweight when they were three years old.
   The study authors concluded that modifying（更改） a child's environment early in life can go a long way in reducing their chances of gaining abnormal weight，which can also affect their health in later years.
   The researchers recommended that dealing with the childhood obesity calls for a mixture of preventive actions，for example，creating awareness among the families around the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and also instructing and supporting parents throughout the pregnancy，and even before and after it.

（1）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？
A．The effect of childhood obesity.
B．The irregular lifestyle of children.
C．The new trend of social development.
D．The causes of children being overweight.
（2）What do people usually think leads to childhood obesity？
A．Sleeping less and skipping breakfast.
B．Watching too much TV and playing games.
C．Smoking and introducing solid food sooner.
D．Consuming too much food and sugary drinks.
（3）What can we know from the data of the research in UK？
A．The obesity rates among children were not high.
B．Most of the children didn't get energy-rich foods.
C．The irregular lifestyle had little effect on children.
D．The study result was beyond researchers' expectation.
（4）What suggestion do the researchers offer parents？
A．Improving the living environment.
B．Protecting children from any harm.
C．Increasing their physical activity.
D．Raising awareness of healthy lifestyle.

共享时间:2023-03-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213250. （2023•交大附中•高二上期中） Some women say the voice in their head gets kinder as they enter midlife，while other women become more critical of themselves.The difference in views appears to be related to the ability to accept age-related changes to their body，researchers have found.
   In 2013，Professor Paxton，of the Universityof La Trobe's Department of Psychology，was interviewed on ABC Melbourne about body image and well-being in women entering midlife.The ABC posted on their Facebook page the topic of the program and the question：Does the voice in your head get kinder as you get older？
   The study found 56 percent of comments suggested the voice in women's heads did get somewhat kinder with age.This view was associated with women accepting the age-related changes in their body as normal. "If they gained weight or they got wrinkles，it was a normal part of aging and they felt fine about it and it didn't disturb their sense of self，" Professor Paxton said， "They were more likely to value health and well-being as opposed to appearance."
   On the other hand，40 percent of comments suggested the voice did not get any kinder with age.This view was associated with women finding it difficult to accept being so different from the youthful ideal of women that is upheld in advertising and in the media.Women who expressed this view were concerned about how "invisible" they had become as a consequence. "They reacted negatively to the changes in their bodies as they aged and were very much aware that in our culture，youthful bodies are idealized，" Professor Paxton said.
   Understanding why some women are preoccupied with body image in midlife more than others is important given that having a bad body image can lead to physical and mental health problems，Professor Paxton said.This can include self-consciousness and anxiety，eating disorders，and an unwillingness to show oneself in public，which can reduce the amount women exercise or socialize. "They become unsociable and don't fulfill their full potential.Those sorts of things can make a person very unhappy."
   She said the insights from studies like this support the use of cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapy （治疗） designed to help women in midlife who have a preoccupation with body image to change negative thought patterns.This would involve discouraging them from comparing themselves to younger women，and encouraging acceptance of bodily changes related to age，and "self care" behaviors that improve health and well-being.

（1）What causes the difference in women's opinions on body image？
A．Women's self-acceptance.
B．Professors' advice.
C．The impact of Facebook.
D．Personal health.
（2）What does the underlined word "upheld" in paragraph 4 probably mean？
A．Introduced.
B．Tested.
C．Advocated.
D．Praised.
（3）How can women change negative thoughts about a bad body image？
A．By trying to show themselves in public.
B．By adopting a new thinking model.
C．By doing as much exercise as possible.
D．By comparing themselves to younger women.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A．To show public responses to the changes in their bodies.
B．To explain that health is more important than appearance.
C．To criticize views on body image expressed in the media.
D．To give advice to middle-aged women on bodily changes.

共享时间:2023-11-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2024-05-29

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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