糖尿病

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213850. （2022•师大附中•高二下期中） A strong coffee after a poor night's sleep is the kick-start many people need in the morning but new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.
   A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control — a risk factor for diabetes （糖尿病） and heart disease.
   "We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and，before doing anything else，drink coffee — subjectively the more tired we feel，the stronger the coffee，" said Professor James Betts，at the University of Bath in the UK.
   For their study，researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments，with at least a week between them.
   In one，the participants had a normal night's sleep，roughly from 11 p.m.to 7 a.m.，and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning.Then they experienced an interrupted night's sleep，where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond — and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.
   On another night，participants experienced the same sleep interruption，but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
   They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and insulin （胰岛素） responses when compared to the normal night's sleep — although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect.However，strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50% — suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body's ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.

（1）What does the underlined word "kick-start" in paragraph 1 refer to？
A．A kind of sport.
B．A kind of belief.
C．A kind of medicine.
D．A kind of power.
（2）What was unchanged in the three experiments？
A．The duration of sleep.
B．The sugary drink.
C．The blood sugar response.
D．The intake of coffee.
（3）What increased the participants' blood sugar response most before breakfast？
A．A normal sugary drink.
B．A normal night's sleep.
C．A cup of strong black coffee.
D．An interrupted night's sleep.
（4）How did researchers draw the conclusion？
A．By comparing the results.
B．By listing some examples.
C．By surveying the participants.
D．By referring to some documents.

共享时间:2022-05-13 难度:2

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健康，说明文，

[答案]

DBCA

[解析]

（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段A strong coffee after a poor night's sleep.（一夜没睡好之后，喝一杯浓咖啡。）可知，kick﹣start指的是在晚上没有睡好之后"一种提神的力量"。A.A kind of sport一种运动；B.A kind of belief一种信仰；C.A kind of medicine一种药；D.A kind of power一种力量。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段In one，the participants had a normal night's sleep，roughly from 11 p.m.to 7 a.m.，and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning.They then experienced an interrupted night's sleep，where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond ﹣ and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.（在一项实验中，参与者在晚上大约11点到早上7点之间正常睡眠，并被要求在早上醒来时喝一杯含糖饮料。然后，他们的睡眠被打断，研究人员每隔一小时就给他们发短信，让他们每隔5分钟回复短信，醒来后给他们喝同样的含糖饮料。）第六段On another night，participants experienced the same sleep interruption，but this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.（另一个晚上，参与者经历了同样的睡眠中断，但这一次在喝含糖饮料之前，他们先喝了一杯浓黑咖啡30分钟。）可知，在三个试验中没有改变的是受试者都喝了含糖饮料。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段However，strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%。（然而，早餐前喝一杯浓黑咖啡实际上会使血糖反应增加50%左右。）可知，早餐前，一杯浓黑咖啡增加了受试者的血糖反应。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第四段For their study，researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments，with at least a week between them. （在他们的研究中，巴斯大学的研究人员让29名健康的男性和女性参加了三种不同的夜间实验，每次实验至少持续一周。）最后一段They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and insulin responses when compared to the normal night's sleep（他们发现，与正常晚上的睡眠相比，一个晚上的睡眠中断并没有恶化参与者的血糖和胰岛素反应。）可知，研究者是通过对比试验结果得出结论的。A.By comparing the results通过比较结果；B.By listing some examples通过举例；C.By surveying the participants通过调查参与者；D.By referring to some documents通过参考一些文件。故选A。

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本题考查了"健康，说明文，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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201988. （2023•新城区•二模） Childhood obesity（肥胖）isn't only caused by over eating.A lot of environmental and lifestyle variables—such as skipping breakfast，irregular sleeping patterns and less sleep time—also contribute towards this disturbing trend，says a new study.
   According to the study conducted by University College London's researchers，children who skip breakfast and sleep less are more likely to have bigger appetites and tend to consume more energy-rich foods throughout the day，leading to excessive weight gain.The team also found that smoking habit of mothers during pregnancy（怀孕）is also one of the contributory factors for a child being overweight.
   Interestingly，these results challenge the conventional belief that over-eating is main cause of increasing obesity rates among children.In addition，factors like watching too much television，consuming sugary drinks，eating fruits and introducing solid food sooner don't certainly lead to childhood obesity.
   The researchers used data from a multi-disciplinary research project that tracks the lives：of children from 19，244 families across the UK，born from September 2020 to January.2021.After analyzing the data，they found that in UK，83.3%of new babies had non-overweight and stable.BMI （身体质量指数）.Only 1% had a mildly increasing BMI，while another 2.5% tended to have a sharply increasing BMI.However，due to poor lifestyle choices and environmental factors，6% of the children were already overweight when they were three years old.
   The study authors concluded that modifying（更改） a child's environment early in life can go a long way in reducing their chances of gaining abnormal weight，which can also affect their health in later years.
   The researchers recommended that dealing with the childhood obesity calls for a mixture of preventive actions，for example，creating awareness among the families around the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and also instructing and supporting parents throughout the pregnancy，and even before and after it.

（1）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？
A．The effect of childhood obesity.
B．The irregular lifestyle of children.
C．The new trend of social development.
D．The causes of children being overweight.
（2）What do people usually think leads to childhood obesity？
A．Sleeping less and skipping breakfast.
B．Watching too much TV and playing games.
C．Smoking and introducing solid food sooner.
D．Consuming too much food and sugary drinks.
（3）What can we know from the data of the research in UK？
A．The obesity rates among children were not high.
B．Most of the children didn't get energy-rich foods.
C．The irregular lifestyle had little effect on children.
D．The study result was beyond researchers' expectation.
（4）What suggestion do the researchers offer parents？
A．Improving the living environment.
B．Protecting children from any harm.
C．Increasing their physical activity.
D．Raising awareness of healthy lifestyle.

共享时间:2023-03-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203748. （2024•西工大附中•高二上期末）     A key part of starting to exercise is choosing when to work out.Morning，afternoon，or evening：Which time is best？Scientists have studied this dilemma extensively.
    For beginners，morning workouts are often the most frightening.Trading a cozy，nurturing bed for an unpleasant，unforgiving fitness center can be a rude awakening to say the least.But morning workouts have their advantages.Challenging the body triggers the release of endorphins（内啡肽），which can make you more productive and attentive at work.Moreover，for those who struggle to fall asleep at night，habitual morning exercise may help to reset their circadian rhythms，the internal，biological processes that regulate the24-hour sleep-wake cycle.
    But early exercisers may not be able to achieve peak performance.Stiffer muscles，fewer stored energy reserves from overnight fasting，and a.slightly cooler body temperature in the morning add up to disturb exercise output.Therefore，more enthusiastic exercisers might prefer working out in the afternoon.A small，12-week study focusing on pre-diabetic and diabetic men found that afternoon training produced slightly more beneficial metabolic（新陈代谢的）effects and resulted in a little more fat loss compared to morning training.
    Finally，some folks may decide to work out later in the evening.Studies centered around this time of day tend to focus on whether or not nightly exercise negatively impacts sleep quality.Gathered research suggests it does not and，instead，actually improves sleep.However，intense exercise performed within an hour of one's bedtime absolutely will make it more difficult to fall asleep.For this reason，most exercise experts recommend at least 90 minutes of downtime between the conclusion of an exercise session and attempting to fall asleep.
    Whether morning，afternoon，or evening，it is optimal（最佳的）if exercise timing remains somewhat consistent，research has found.For example，a competitive marathon runner will exhibit the best performance when his/her exercise training sessions occur at the same time-of-day as the marathon.Still，it is perfectly fine to mix up your workout times to fit with your schedule.The average person need not worry over when to work out just because of some slight bodily differences based on time-of-day.Regular exercises，after all，perhaps the single best thing that humans can do for their health，and ideally，it should serve as stress relief rather than something to stress over.

（1）Which of the following can benefit a man with sleeping disorder？
A.Sleeping immediately after workouts.
B.Regular workouts between 7 a.m.and 10 a.m..
C.Reducing the exercise time by at least 90 minutes.
D.Exercise between 2 p.m.and 5 p.m..
（2）Which of the following is right for diabetic men？
A.It is hard to lose weight in the morning.
B.Morning exercise produces harmful metabolic effects.
C.Diabetic men are easy to lose more fat.
D.Exercise may be more efficient in the afternoon.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.The average person varies slightly in body.
B.A marathon runner will perform best in the training.
C.It's good to exercise at the same time every day.
D.It is fine to exercise ahead of schedule.
（4）Which one is the most suitable title？
A.Exercise：A dilemma
B.AM or PM：When is the best time to exercise？
C.Exercise timing should remain：consistent
D.The advantage of exercise

共享时间:2024-02-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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213812. （2023•西安八十三中•高一下期中） A healthy diet may not offset（抵消） the effects of a high salt intake on blood pressure，suggests a new study.The research，from scientists at a number of institutions，studied the diets of over 4，000 people.The resultowed that people eating higher amounts of salt had higher blood pressure—no matter how healthy a person's overall diet.
   The scientists behind the research are now advising people to monitor their salt intake—and food companies to lower the salt content in their products.
   High blood pressure affects more than one in four adults in the UK，and increases the risk of a number of conditions including heart attacks and stroke.It's thought that vitamins and minerals in fruit and vegetables might in some way affect blood vessels（血管），enabling them to lower blood pressure.Previously，experts believed that eating high amounts of fruit and vegetables might help offset the effects of high salt on blood pressure.However，while these foods do tend to lower blood pressure，the new research suggests they do not offset the adverse influence of high salt intake.
   In the paper，the team studied data from the so-called INTERMAP study.In this study published in 2018，scientists tracked the diets of 4，680 people，aged 40-59，from the USA，the UK，Japan and China.The researchers found a link between high blood pressure and high salt intake，even in people who were on a healthy diet.
   The recommended upper limit of adult salt intake in the UK is 6 g a day.The study found that the average salt intake across the study was 10.7 g a day.The average intake for the UK was 8.5 g，while the intake for the USA，China and Japan were 9.6 g ，13.4 g and 11.7 g respectively.
   Increasing salt intake above this average amount was linked to an increase in blood pressure.Dr Queenie Chan，joint lead author of the research，said the research shows the importance of cutting salt intake.

（1）What can food industry do to help lower people's high blood pressure？
A．Make salt-free food only.
B．Monitor the quality of their products.
C．Take control of their salt production.
D．Cut down salt content in their products.
（2）What does the underlined word"adverse"in paragraph 3 mean？
A．Adventurous.
B．Harmful.
C．Brief.
D．Average.
（3）Which of the following nations has the highest average salt intake？
A．The USA.
B．China.
C．Japan.
D．The UK.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．A healthy diet may not offset the effects of high salt intake
B．High blood pressure is related to high salt intake
C．Research shows the importance of cutting salt intake
D．People eating higher amounts of salt have higher blood pressure

共享时间:2023-05-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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213080. （2023•莲湖区•高二上期中）
Making the switch to a healthy diet Switching to a healthy diet doesn't have to be an all or nothing proposal.You don't have to completely avoid foods you enjoy.（1）        .That usually only leads to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.A better approach is to make a few small changes at a time.
   Prepare more of your own meals.（2）        .It can make you better monitor exactly what goes into your foods.You'll eat fewer calories and avoid the chemical additives，added sugar and unhealthy fats.
（3）       .When cutting back on unhealthy foods in your diet，it's important to replace them with healthy alternatives.Replacing dangerous trans fats （反式脂肪酸） with healthy fats will make a positive difference to your health.
   Focus on how you feel after eating.This will help develop healthy new habits and tastes.（4）        .The more junk food you eat，the more likely you are to feel uncomfortable，boring or tired out.
   Drink plenty of water.Water helps flush our systems of waste products and poison，yet many of us go through life dehydrated （脱水的）—causing tiredness，low energy，and headaches.It's common to mistake thirst for hunger.（5）

A．Make the right changes
B．Setting yourself up for success
C．And you don't have to change everything all at once
D．Eating a healthier diet doesn't have to be complicated
E．The healthier the foods you eat，the better you'll feel after a meal
F．So drinking enough water will also help you make healthier food choices
G．Cooking more meals at home can help you take charge of what you're eating

共享时间:2023-11-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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212638. （2025•铁一中学•高二下期中）     People vary in how well they discriminate and identify foods.The variation is explained by a general ability to recognize objects.We researchers originally theorized the variability might also be associated with people's attitude toward new foods.Those who endorse statements like"I am particular about what I eat"have food neophobia—refusal of food novelty.Sure enough，our study did find picky eaters scored worst on our tests of food recognition：Food neophobia is negatively correlated with food recognition ability.
    While we were publishing our finding，scientists were debating new findings about how the brain reacts to food and color.Different research groups had identified brain areas in the visual system that responded preferentially to images of food.For instance，looking at a bowl of noodles would activate these brain areas，but not looking at a pile of string.The scientific disagreement was about what it meant to identify a selectivity for food in brain areas already known for their responsiveness to color.
    We repeated our initial study with gray-scale images of food.The result showed without color，people unsurprisingly made more errors，mistaking different dishes as the same，but the pattern of variation across people was otherwise unchanged.Those with a higher general visual ability did better with food.We also found one effect of removing color：Food neophobia was no longer correlated with food recognition ability.It was as if whatever advantage the adventurous eaters had gained over picky ones was all dependent on color.
    We then made an entirely new prediction：Would people with color blindness be less food neophobic than those with normal color perception？Because the colorblind experience food in a restricted range of color，certain signals that raise flags about freshness，safety，or otherwise drive anxiety about novel food could be limited.
    We invited participants online，based on how they answered one question about color blindness buried in a long screening questionnaire.The survey suggested colorblind people were indeed less food neophobic than the non-colorblind.Seeing the world with a narrow color range seems to ease an emotion-based resistance to novel foods.
    Our findings pave the way for addressing extreme cases of food neophobia.As researchers learn more about the complicated relevance between color perception and food，we might develop targeted interventions to improve dietary habits.

（1）What does the underlined word"endorse"mean in paragraph 1？
A.Comment on.
B.Approve of.
C.Worry about.
D.Argue against.
（2）What's the purpose of writing paragraph 2？
A.To illustrate an argument.
B.To emphasize the value of science.
C.To explain the background of later tests.
D.To indicate a positive academic atmosphere.
（3）Why are colorblind people less food neophobic according to the study？
A.They're born with a bigger appetite.
B.They're more expert at recognizing food.
C.They prefer to take risks and try fresh things.
D.They fail to perceive some food signs causing tension.
（4）How did the author uncover the effect of color on emotional responses to food？
A.By experiencing food diversity firsthand.
B.By analyzing feedback from respondents.
C.By testing brains' reaction to colorful foods.
D.By monitoring picky eaters' dietary variations.

共享时间:2025-05-21 难度:2 相似度:2

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213611. （2023•莲湖区•高一下期中） A healthy diet may not offset（抵消） the effects of a high salt intake on blood pressure，suggests a new study.The research，from scientists at a number of institutions，studied the diets of over 4，000 people.The resultowed that people eating higher amounts of salt had higher blood pressure—no matter how healthy a person's overall diet.
   The scientists behind the research are now advising people to monitor their salt intake—and food companies to lower the salt content in their products.
   High blood pressure affects more than one in four adults in the UK，and increases the risk of a number of conditions including heart attacks and stroke.It's thought that vitamins and minerals in fruit and vegetables might in some way affect blood vessels（血管），enabling them to lower blood pressure.Previously，experts believed that eating high amounts of fruit and vegetables might help offset the effects of high salt on blood pressure.However，while these foods do tend to lower blood pressure，the new research suggests they do not offset the adverse influence of high salt intake.
   In the paper，the team studied data from the so-called INTERMAP study.In this study published in 2018，scientists tracked the diets of 4，680 people，aged 40-59，from the USA，the UK，Japan and China.The researchers found a link between high blood pressure and high salt intake，even in people who were on a healthy diet.
   The recommended upper limit of adult salt intake in the UK is 6 g a day.The study found that the average salt intake across the study was 10.7 g a day.The average intake for the UK was 8.5 g，while the intake for the USA，China and Japan were 9.6 g ，13.4 g and 11.7 g respectively.
   Increasing salt intake above this average amount was linked to an increase in blood pressure.Dr Queenie Chan，joint lead author of the research，said the research shows the importance of cutting salt intake.

（1）What can food industry do to help lower people's high blood pressure？
A．Make salt-free food only.
B．Monitor the quality of their products.
C．Take control of their salt production.
D．Cut down salt content in their products.
（2）What does the underlined word"adverse"in paragraph 3 mean？
A．Adventurous.
B．Harmful.
C．Brief.
D．Average.
（3）Which of the following nations has the highest average salt intake？
A．The USA.
B．China.
C．Japan.
D．The UK.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．A healthy diet may not offset the effects of high salt intake
B．High blood pressure is related to high salt intake
C．Research shows the importance of cutting salt intake
D．People eating higher amounts of salt have higher blood pressure

共享时间:2023-05-27 难度:2 相似度:2

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204595. （2023•高新一中•高二下期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do Weighted Blankets Work？ Sleep is supposed to be a natural thing，but if you wrestle with insomnia（失眠症），you may be tempted to try pieces of equipment that promise better sleep.（1）
    "They've become the sleep tool to have，" says Alanna McGinn，founder and lead sleep expert at Good Night Sleep Site. "I'm a huge supporter of them because they can work so well."
    About 32 percent of Americans don't get enough sleep，according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.（2）        Insomnia impacts as many as 35 percent of adults from time to time，while 10 percent have chronic trouble falling and staying asleep.Choose one that's around 10 percent of your body weight.
    （3）        Inside is a layer of plastic，glass or metal balls surrounded by filling.McGinn says the blanket's heaviness acts as a touch therapy called deep pressure stimulation.Just as wrapping babies tightly can send them to sleep，these blankets help your heart and breathing rates slow and your body release feel-good hormones，including serotonin（血清素）.
    Are they effective？A 2020 review study in the U.S.looked at eight previous studies and concluded that weighted blankets helped reduce anxiety—but not necessarily insomnia.（4）        A randomized controlled study in Sweden looked at 120 people with insomnia and also depression or anxiety.（5）        People with conditions such as diabetes or breathing issues，however，should check with their doctor before using one. "And if you're someone who is a little afraid of an enclosed space，it's probably not the best thing for you，" adds McGinn.

A.It recommends at least seven hours a night for adults.
B.Those who used a weighted blanket slept better and were less tired or anxious.
C.The study found a significant rise in the related symptoms.
D.But other 2020 research tells a slightly different story.
E.One that might sound a little weird but that has been known to work is a weighted blanket.
F.Dealing with such problems can be more or less tricky.
G.Weighted blankets range between two and 14 kilograms

共享时间:2023-07-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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203641. （2025•西安八十五中•高二上期末）     Playing sports is a lot of fun，but getting hurt is not.（1）
    Wear protective equipment.
    The equipment you wear depends on the sport you play.Helmets are the most common protective equipment.They protect your head while you're playing football，baseball，softball，biking，skateboarding，and so on.
    Warm up.
    （2）       Doing some stretching can get you prepared to hit the field.By warming up，you get yourself ready to play.Warming up your muscles and practicing a sport help keep you safe，too.
    Know the rules of the games.
    Traffic lights help prevent crashes between the cars that drive on the roads together.This works because drivers know the rules and follow them.（3）        .When players know the rules of the game，fewer injuries happen.For example，you know that in soccer you can't come from behind，crash into a player's legs，and steal the ball.
    （4）
    Some rules don't have anything to do with scoring points.Some rules are just about protecting other people.For example，a diver would make sure that the pool was clear before diving in.Otherwise，he or she might land on someone else.
    Don't play when you're injured.
    This is a really important one.If you love sports，you may get right back in the game，even after an injury.（5）       it can lead to an even worse injury.

A.It's just like sports.
B.Watch out for others.
C.Don't do too much exercise.
D.But playing when you're hurt is a bad idea.
E.You can take the following steps to prevent injuries.
F.It's not a good idea to just go to the field and start playing.
G.You and the other players know what to expect from each other.

共享时间:2025-02-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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212780. （2025•西安一中•高二下期中）     When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. "You don't want to get fat" was on constant repeat throughout my childhood.It really messed up my relationship with food —something that took me years to overcome.Because of this，I'm careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade （劝阻） her from a second dessert.But one day when I heard her saying "I think I'm too fat，" my heart sank.It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact.
    According to Charlotte Markey，a professor of psychology，food is one of the rare subjects where，as parents，saying less is more. "There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them，" she says. "It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren't necessarily healthy."
    Instead，she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the "Division of Responsibility，" where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times，and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume —even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.
    Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. "When your child says， 'My stomach hurts，' you can say， 'Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices，'" says Markey. "Let them feel like they have some control over it."
    I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive，they do make better decisions. "Feeding is a long game，" says Markey. "The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it，they' re seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks."

（1）What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph？
A.She is upset by her kids' weight.
B.She is critical of the way she was fed.
C.She is interested in making food.
D.She is particular about what she eats.
（2）Which of the following would Markey disapprove of？
A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally.
B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times.
C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks.
D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes.
（3）What should kids do according to the "Division of Responsibility"？
A.Make diet decisions on their own.
B.Share their food with other kids.
C.Eat up what is provided for them.
D.Help their parents do the dishes.
（4）What does the author think of the strategiee has been following？
A.Costly.
B.Complex.
C.Workable.
D.Contradictory.

共享时间:2025-05-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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204441. （2023•临潼区•高一下期末）     Mounting evidence suggests that longtime sitting—a main part of modern-day life—is risky to your health，even if you exercise regularly.Based on these findings，doctors advise all adults to sit less and move more.But how often do we need to get up from our chairs？And for how long？
    Few studies have compared multiple options to come up with the answer most office workers want：What is the least amount of activity needed to counteract the health effects of a workday filled with sitting？
   Now a study by Columbia University exercise physiologists has an answer.Unlike other studies that test one or two activity options，the study tested five different exercise "snacks"，or short bursts of activity after a period of time's sitting：one minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting，one minute after 60 minutes，five minutes every 30，five minutes every 60 and no walking.
    The proper amount of movement，the researchers found，was five minutes of walking every 30 minutes.This was the only amount that greatly lowered both blood sugar and blood pressure.In addition，this walking routine had an impressive effect on how the participants responded to large meals，reducing blood sugar spikes（峰值） by 58% compared with sitting all day.Taking a walking break every 30 minutes for one minute also provided modest benefits for blood sugar levels throughout the day，while walking every 60 minutes，either for one minute or five minutes，provided no benefit.
    What we know now is that for best health，you need to move regularly at work，in addition to a daily exercise routine.While that may sound impractical，the findingow that even small amounts of walking sp read through the work day can greatly lower your risk of heart disease and other chronic （慢性的） illnesses.

（1）What does the study by Columbia University focus on？
A．What adultould do to keep exercising regularly.
B．When and where we need to sit less and move more.
C．Why longtime sitting every day is risky to our health.
D．How often and how long we need to walk from our chairs.
（2）What does the underlined word"counteract" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Cancel out.
B．Give up.
C．Add to.
D．Benefit from.
（3）Which walking pattern is the most useful for health according to the text？
A．One minute of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting.
B．One minute of walking after every 60 minutes of sitting.
C．Five minutes of walking after every 30 minutes of sitting.
D．Five minutes of walking after every 60 minutes of sitting.
（4）What does the last paragraph show？
A．The risks of heart disease and other illnesses.
B．The suggestions on the health of the office staff.
C．The daily exercise routine sui table for everyone.
D．The ways of moving regularly at work every day.

共享时间:2023-07-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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213782. （2022•西安三中•高二上期中） Hundreds of millions have rolled up their sleeves for the COVID-19 vaccine，but why haven't they rolled up their pants instead？What's the science behind why we get most vaccines in our arm？
   Most vaccines are given in the muscle—this is known as an intramuscular injection （肌肉注射）.Some vaccines，are given orally.Others are given just beneath the skin.
   But why is the muscle so important，and does location matter？
   Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration （药物的施用） site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.These immune cells recognize the antigen（抗原），a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response.In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes（淋巴结）.Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localized，allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work.Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle，these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels，which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes.Lymph nodes，important parts of our immune system，contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
   Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized.Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid （三角肌） muscle may result in local inflammation（发炎） or soreness at the injection site.If certain vaccines are injected into fat issue，the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply，leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
   Yet another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle.Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid.Younger children receive their vaccines mid-thigh（大腿） because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed.
   Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability.Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around？Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred.

（1）How many reasons are mentioned for the vaccines given in the muscle？
A．2.
B．3.
C．4.
D．5.
（2）Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site？
A．Muscles can easily recognize bacteria.
B．Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses.
C．Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells.
D．Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses.
（3）What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat issues？
A．Poor blood supply.
B．Better absorption.
C．Rapid fat loss.
D．Local pain.
（4）Where is the passage most likely taken from？
A．An advertisement.
B．A journal.
C．A speech.
D．A novel.

共享时间:2022-11-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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213269. （2024•西安八十五中•高一下期中）     How many times have you heard that reducing stress is important for good health？But stress isn't always the enemy.In fact，research suggests some is actually good for you，with possible benefits ranging from better brain function to healthier aging.
    Firstly，it's ubiquitous：Research suggests people feel at least some stress on 90% of their days.When stress worsens for a long time and can't be solved，it can cause mental and physical health problems，even raising your risk for conditions like heart disease.But in most cases，a stress response （反应） is important.It can help you get through a hard time or even escape physical danger.And，when stress is managed well，it can lead to better health and happiness in the future.
    Stress can be damaging—but proper amount of stress can be helpful，according to Assaf Oshri，a professor at the University of Georgia.Oshri says，"Resilience （适应力） comes from your interactions （相互作用） with the environment.If people don't experience any stress，they may not build up resilience.If they experience too much，their happiness may suffer.But there seems to be a balance between the two，where stress improves mental health and helps people recover from difficult situations."
    When people face pressure，some approaches can also be taken to deal with it.Playing sports can help to find a balance in the face of stress，according to some experts.Turning to loved ones during tough times is important too.And if you can，remind yourself that stress is a difficult but necessary part of life.
    "You can't choose exactly what happens to you，but you can choose your response in the moment，" Jonathan Rush，a professor at the University of Victoria in Canada，says. "Having the idea that you can overcome things，you can grow from things；whatever happens，you will have a path forward—that's what matters most."

（1）What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Special.
B.Common.
C.Popular.
D.Interesting.
（2）What benefit does proper pressure bring to people according to Oshri？
A.It can help people keep a balance between life and work.
B.It can increase people's interactions with each other.
C.It can help people know their physical danger.
D.It can promote people's mental health.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A.The influence of sports on stress.
B.The ways to deal with stress.
C.The approaches to having a happy life.
D.The key to avoiding challenging times.
（4）According to Rush，what is most important when facing stress？
A.Having a positive response.
B.Explaining what happened.
C.Relying on your loved ones.
D.Learning from others' experiences.

共享时间:2024-05-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213192. （2024•沣东中学•高二下期中）     It's no secret that sleep is important to your overall health，but a lack of sleep could have great effects on your heart，a new study shows.The researchers said people with insomnia（失眠症）are more likely to have a heart attack.
    Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the US，the researchers wrote in their report，noting that 10% to 15% of people in the US struggle with it.The meta–analysis of previously published research suggests that the potential association between insomnia and heart attack risk is strongest in women.
    Dr.Martha Gulati，director of prevention at the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute，said that most of her patients are women and that insomnia is a noted risk factor for women who have had any form of ischemic heart disease."We see it probably in 1 in 10 patients in the United States，"said Gulati，who was not involved in the new research."It is my impression that almost everyone experiences insomnia at some point in their life.The estimate is that 1 in 2 adults experience it at some point in their life，maybe in the short term because of stressful moments."
    For their analysis，the researchers defined insomnia as a sleep disorder with three main symptoms（症状）：Difficulty falling asleep，difficulty staying asleep and waking early and being unable to fall back asleep.
    The study also found an association between increased heart attack risk and how long a participant slept each night.Those who slept five hours or less had the highest association with heart attack risk and were 1.56 times more likely to have a heart attack than people who slept seven or eight hours.Longer sleep duration wasn't always more protective.The study found that people who slept six hours a night had a lower risk of a heart attack than those who slept nine hours or more."A lot of studies have pointed somewhere between seven and eight hours of sleep being the magic number for us，"another researcher said."There is obviously variability for everyone，but too much sleep is rarely the issue."

（1）What's the function of the first paragraph？
A.To list a fact.
B.To warn the readers.
C.To introduce the topic.
D.To draw the readers' interest.
（2）What can we infer from Gulati words？
A.Insomnia is unavoidable in the short term.
B.Insomnia is a common phenomenon in life.
C.Heart attack often happens during insomnia.
D.Women are less experienced in dealing with insomnia.
（3）What inspiration can we get according to the sleeping time？
A.Put quality before quantity.
B.Too much is as bad as too little.
C.Bite off more than one can chew.
D.Hope for the best，but prepare for the worst.
（4）What's the author's attitude to the relationship between insomnia and heart attack？
A.Pessimistic.
B.Indifferent.
C.Objective.
D.Positive.

共享时间:2024-05-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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204242. （2023•长安区一中•高二上期末）     All it takes is three continuous nights of sleep loss to cause your mental and physical well-being to greatly worsen.
    A new study looked at the consequences of sleeping fewer than six hours for eight nights on end — the minimum duration of sleep that is necessary to support best health in average adults.
    Lead author Soomi Lee，assistant professor at the University of South Florida，found the biggest jump in symptoms appeared after just one night of sleep loss.The number of mental and physical problems steadily got worse，peaking on day three.At that point，research shows the human body got relatively used to repeated sleep loss.But that all changed on day six，when participants reported that the severity of physical symptoms was at its worst.
    "Many of us think that we can pay our sleep debt on weekends and be more productive on weekdays." Lee said. "However，results from this study show that having just one night of sleep loss can significantly weaken your daily functioning."
    Data provided by the Midlife in the United Study included nearly 2000 middle-aged adults who were relatively healthy and well-educated.Among them 42% had at least one night of sleep loss，sleeping 1.5 fewer hours than their typical routines.
    They recorded their mental and physical behaviors in a diary for eight days in a row，allowing researchers to review how sleep loss causes wear and tear on the body.Participants reported a pile-up of angry，nervous，lonely，bad-tempered and frustrated feelings as a result of sleep loss.They also experienced more physical symptoms，such as upper respiratory issues，aches，gastrointestinal （肠胃的） problems and other health concerns.
    These negative feelings and symptoms were continuously sharpened throughout continuous sleep loss days and didn't return to baseline levels unless they had a night sleep of more than six hours.
    Lee says the best way to maintain a strong daily performance is to set aside more than six hours to sleep every night.

（1）When did participants have the worst physical symptoms？        ?
A．On day 1.
B．On day 3.
C．On day 6.
D．On day 8.
（2）What does the fourth paragraph suggest？        ?
A．We can make up for sleep loss on weekends.
B．We can improve our efficiency if we sleep enough on weekends.
C．Even one night of sleep loss can affect our daily performance.
D．It doesn't matter if we don't get enough sleep occasionally.
（3）How can we solve the problems caused by sleep loss？        ?
A．By setting aside over 5 hours each night.
B．By reducing negative feelings and symptoms.
C．By doing exercise and listening to music.
D．By sparing over 6 hours to sleep each night.
（4）What is the text mainly about？        ?
A．The concept of sleep loss.
B．The consequences of sleep loss.
C．The methods of avoiding sleep loss.
D．The causes of sleep loss.

共享时间:2023-02-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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204079. （2023•西安中学•高一上期末） Your chair is your enemy.
It doesn't matter if you go running every morning，or you're a regular at the gym.If you spend most of the rest of the day sitting，you are putting yourself at increased chance of heart disease，cancers and an early death.In other words，even if you exercise energetically，sitting for long periods is bad for you.
So what's wrong with sitting？One is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do.You burn more energy by chewing gum than you do sitting still in a chair.Compared to sitting，standing in one place is hard work.To stand，you have to tense your leg muscles，and the muscles of your back and shoulders.While standing，you often change from leg to leg.All of this burns energy.
For many people，weight gain is a matter of slow increase.Thus，a little more time on your feet today and tomorrow can easily make the difference between remaining thin and getting fat.So part of the problem with sitting a lot is that you don't use as much energy as those who spend more time on their feet. This makes it easier to gain weight，and makes you more likely to suffer from the health problems that fatness often brings.
Some people have advanced solutions：replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk.Make sure that your television can only operate if you are practising on an exercise bike.Replace your office chair with a therapy （治疗） ball：this too uses more muscles，and more energy，than a normal chair，because you have to support your back and work to keep balanced.But whatever you choose，know this.It is clear：be careful of your chair.

（1）The main purpose of writing this passage is to        .
A．suggest sitting less
B．advise exercising often
C．avoid gaining weight
D．escape standing more
（2）From this passage，we know that        .
A．standing burns nearly as much energy as sitting still does
B．taking exercise regularly but sitting more will do good
C．less exercise will reduce the chance of having disease
D．energy-burning activities will help you enjoy good health
（3）The underlined word "This" in paragraph 4 refers to "        ".
A．Gaining weight
B．Burning energy
C．Sitting too much
D．Standing more
（4）A therapy ball is mentioned in the last paragraph to        .
A．tell us to walk while working in the office
B．suggest a way to settle the sitting problem
C．support our back and keep us balanced
D．provide a better cure for our backache

共享时间:2023-02-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2022-05-13

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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