一、阅读理解(4小题共45分)
1.
（本题10分）
Top 4 Famous Bridges Around the World UNDULATING BRIDGE，CHINA
This bridge is an engineering marvel.Its distinctive architecture is attracting the attention of many engineers worldwide.This bridge includes a variety of routes at different levels.It features "a diversity of routings" on different heights，providing several routes for walkers to take as they cross the river.
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States，connecting Manhattan to Brooklyn.The bridging of the East River was a lengthy and complicated business which saw many men getting injured in the dangerous working conditions of the time.The bridge is now a much-loved feature of New York and can be seen in many television shows and movies.
TOWER BRIDGE
Tower Bridge is a symbol for London.The bridge has two Gothic towers and the walkways which cross between the two towers.Visitors can visit the Tower Bridge from the north side of the bridge and watch the bridge for structural engineering.And then from the bridge at high channel across the Thames，enjoy the beautiful scenery on both sides.
CHARLES BRIDGE
Charles Bridge's first stone was laid by King Charles IV.The bridge today offers something of a short history of Prague and Czechoslovakia.A recent renovation saw the original statues being replaced with modern replicas and the originals carefully removed to a museum.Whenever you are in Prague，be sure to wander over the Charles Bridge.
（1）Which bridge can most probably be seen in films？
A．Brooklyn Bridge.
B．Undulating Bridge.
C．Tower Bridge.
D．Charles Bridge.
（2）What can we know about Charles Bridge from the text？
A．It's a symbol for British architecture.
B．It has a troublesome construction history.
C．Its original statues can be seen in a museum.
D．It enables visitors to cross the river via different routes.
（3）Where is this text probably taken from？
A．A health report.
B．A travel brochure.
C．A science book.
D．A business journal.
2.
（本题10分）
A smile is the key to a thousand doors，but deploying （有效利用）it in every situation without mastery of its use is dangerous，says a new social science study.
Scientists say it takes a great many muscles to smile；scientists at Queen's University Belfast in a recent study found that subtle（细微的）differences in the way in which a person smiled had not-so-subtle impacts on the opinions which the test participants had about the smiler. "Smiling at another person does not always lead to trust and cooperation，" said Dr.Stephanie Carpenter from the University of Michigan，a co-author of the study. "Subtle differences in a smile can definitely have a real impact on whether people trust each other and choose to cooperate.In fact，the way you smile in a good or bad situation can impact whether people trust you.
"Think about movie villains（恶棍），for example in James Bond films，" said Dr.Magdalena Rychlowska from Queen's University，who led the research published in Cognition and Emotion journal. "They often make happy smiles when something bad has happened or is about to happen.This context makes these otherwise happy and normal smiles feel threatening and unpleasant." She adds，"The findings of this study show the power of subtle facial expressions and the positive consequences that an affiliation smile can have in difficult situations.It also highlights the importance of social context-a happy smile that could be read as a signal of trustworthiness in one setting can，but in another setting，it can be seen as the evidence of bad intentions."
Mastery of the smile then，can be an excellent way of getting out of difficult social situations，while the lack thereof can be an excellent way of getting into one.
（1）Which of the following about smiling is right according to the passage？
A．Deploying smiling is very dangerous in every situation.
B．Subtle difference in smiling has little impact.
C．The way you smile will impact whether you can be trusted.
D．Smiling will always lead to trust and cooperation.
（2）How did the author explain subtle differences in a smile？
A．By using numbers and giving examples.
B．By giving examples and citing scientific proof.
C．By giving examples and making a comparison.
D．By making a comparison and citing scientific proof.
（3）What can be learn from the study of smiling？
A．A happy smile can always be read as a signal of trustworthiness.
B．People always make happy smiles when something bad has happened.
C．Mastering the smile can help you avoid troubles.
D．Subtle facial expressions have positive consequences.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．The advantages of smiling
B．The impact of smiling
C．A trusting smile
D．Subtle differences in smiling
3.
（本题10分）
A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities，analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data.However，researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular，researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Tuner，Monet，and others' works，even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature，focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe.Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent.Generally，artists can historically accurately represent their environment，so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution，when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally，researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted，the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs.By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era，they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
（1）What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet？
A．Change in subject matter.
B．Air pollution at that time.
C．Social trends of the period.
D．Development of photography.
（2）The researchers conduct the study by .
A．referring to relevant historical records
B．comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet
C．relating the paintings to the air conditions then
D．analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 5？
A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A．To inform people of a new discovery.
B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution.
D．To call on people to protect the environment.
4.
（本题15分）
Without cracking a single textbook，without spending a day in medical school，the co-author of a preprint study correctly answered enough questions that it would have passed the real US Medical Licensing Examination.But the test-taker wasn't a member of Mensa or a medical specialist；it was the artificial intelligence ChatGPT.The tool，which was created to answer user questions in a conversational manner，has generated so much buzz that doctors and scientists are trying to determine what its limitations are and what it could do for health and medicine.
The medical licensing exam is generally considered one of the toughest of any profession because it not only tests basic science，medical knowledge，but also assesses clinical reasoning，ethics （道德观念），critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
The AI passed all the parts of the exam without any specialized training，showing a high level of insight in its explanations.This greatly impressed Dr.Victor Tseng，a medical director of the California-based group and a co-author of the study. "Googling the answer is very difficult，" he explained. "Because there're a lot of red herrings on the Internet.It might take hours to get an accurate answer." But ChatGPT was able to do it within five seconds.
The results of the medical licensing exam study were even written up with the help of ChatGPT.However，the journal Nature created guidelines that said no such program could be credited as an author because "any authorship carries with it accountability for the work，and AI tools cannot take such responsibility." Actually，AI is only as good as the information it's fed，and with so much inaccurate information available online about things like COVID-19 vaccines，it could use that to generate inaccurate results.
Tseng said he ultimately thinks ChatGPT can enhance medical practice，but won't replace doctors.Tseng's group will continue to test it to learn why it creates certain errors and what other ethical factors need to be put in place before using it for real.
"AI is here.The doors are open，" Tseng said. "I firmly believe that it will actually make me and make us as physicians and providers better."
（1）What can ChatGPT possibly do according to paragraph 1？
A．Study in medical school.
B．Start an online conversation.
C．Conduct a study independently.
D．Pass a challenging examination.
（2）What does underlined words "red herrings" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Appealing topics.
B．Efficient helpers.
C．Hidden resources.
D．Distracting facts.
（3）According to Nature，ChatGPT can't be listed as an author because .
A．it has invented all the data based on inaccurate information
B．it doesn't actively create and is not responsible for the work
C．it doesn't have a bank account and can't receive payment
D．it has failed to demonstrate problem-solving skills
（4）What is Tseng's attitude towards the future of ChatGPT？
A．Interested yet doubtful.
B．Disinterested and calm.
C．Confident yet cautious.
D．Critical and disappointed.
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