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214328. （2020•长安区一中•高一上期中） Young sunflowers turn and swing every day.New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
   Harmer，a professor in the University of California at Davis，Department of Plant Biology，carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field，in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
   By staking plants so that they could not move，Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light，they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
   The indoor plants did start tracking the "sun" again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room.The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle，but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
   When sunflowers track the sun，the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides.At night，the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way.The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night.A plant growth-regulating hormone（激素），called auxin，appears to be a key driver.
   The "dance" to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up.At that point，the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
   "Bees like warm flowers." Harmer said，adding that the bees are cold-blooded，so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
   "The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to（吸引）insects，perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents（气味）earlier in the day." he said "We're currently testing this idea."

（1）Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers？
A．To study why sunflowers track the sun.
B．To show what sunflowers' genes are.
C．To see how sunflowers grow up
D．To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
（2）What does the underlined word "staking" probably mean in Paragraph 3？
A．fixing
B．tracking
C．growing
D．searching
（3）What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving？
A．They won't grow well.
B．They will produce a number of new genes.
C．They won't swing back though set free.
D．They will grow faster than usual.
（4）What is the advantage of sunflowers' dance to the sun？
A．They mature more rapidly.
B．They save more energy.
C．They attract more insects.
D．They produce more flowers.

共享时间:2020-11-14 难度:2

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[考点]

科普知识，说明文，

[校正]

[答案]

（1）﹣（4）AAAC

[解析]

（1）A．推理判断题。根据文章前两段得知加州大学的Harmer对向日葵做了一系列实验研究为什么向日葵会追随太阳的方向而变换方向。故选A．
（2）A．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段so that they could not move，它不能动和 sunflowers prevented from moving.阻止向日葵移动．得知划线词是"系紧"。A．Fastening系紧；B．Tracking跟踪；C.growing 成长；D.searching搜索。故选A．
（3）A．细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.哈默证明他可以摧毁他们追踪太阳的能力。他还注意到不能移动的向日葵并不像那些可以自由活动的向日葵那么坚韧和多叶。Harmer教授发现系紧向日葵后它们长得柔弱、叶子少。故选A．
（4）C．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects，perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day." 向日葵的向阳性使它变得温暖这样对昆虫很有吸引力。故选C．

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213288. （2023•西工大附中•高一下期中） Some bacteria （细菌）have a superpower that scientists would love to use.These bacteria gain energy from light，just as plants do.Scientists have wanted to use cyanobacteria（蓝藻菌）to make electricity.But in previous research，they didn't survive long on artificial surfaces.Researchers have now moved them to a living surface - a mushroom.Their creation is the first mushroom to make electricity.
   Applied Physicist Simon Jackson and his team turned that mushroom into a mini energy farm.This bionic（生物电子的）mushroom combines 3 D printing，conductive ink and bacteria to generate electricity.Its design could lead to new ways of combining nature with electronics.Like plants，cyanobacteria make their own food from sunlight，releasing electrons（电子）.When enough electrons build up in one place，they can create an electric current.
   The researchers needed to bring a lot of these bacteria together.They decided to use 3 D printing to place them precisely onto a surface.Jackson's team chose mushrooms for that surface.After all，they realized，mushrooms naturally host communities of bacteria and other microbes.Finding test subjects for their tests was easy.Jackson simply went to the grocery store and picked up white button mushrooms.
   Printing on those mushrooms，though，turned out to be a real challenge.3 D printers have been designed to print on flat surfaces，but mushroom caps are curved.The researchers spent months writing computer code to solve the problem.Eventually，they came up with a program to 3 D print their ink onto the curved mushroom tops.
   The researchers printed two "inks" onto their mushrooms.One was a green ink made of cyanobacteria.They used this to make a spiral pattern on the cap.They also，used a black ink made of graphene，which is great at conducting electricity.They printed this ink in a branching pattern across the mushroom top.Then it was time to shine.
   "Cyanobacteria are the real heroes here，" says Jackson.When his team shone light on the mushrooms，the bacteria gave out electrons.Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.

（1）What was the problem in previous research？
A．Cyanobacteria didn't produce electrons.
B．Cyanobacteria couldn't get enough light.
C．The researchers chose the wrong bacteria.
D．No suitable home was made for cyanobacteria.
（2）Why were mushrooms finally chosen as test subjects？
A．They are convenient to find.
B．They can produce electric currents.
C．They are where bacteria can naturally grow.
D．They can be easily combined with 3 D printing.
（3）What is the major function of the black ink in this test？
A．To feed bacteria.
B．To deliver electrons.
C．To produce electricity.
D．To reshape mushroom tops.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．Who are the real heroes？
B．New application of 3 D printing
C．Nature combined with electrons
D．Bionic mushroom makes electricity

共享时间:2023-05-21 难度:2 相似度:2

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213316. （2022•师大附中•高一上期中） Clank，clank，clank，clank.Slowly the train climbs the steep （陡峭的） hill.You should look at this train closely because it is very special.It can reach a speed of 120 kilometers per hour，it can go upside down and sideways，and it can accelerate （加速） as fast as a Ferrari.Look at the passengers.They know about this vehicle and they look nervous.In fact，some even look fearful.That's not surprising，as this is no ordinary train ride；in fact，this train is a roller coaster!
   Roller coasters fly up and down hills，move around corners，twist，turn，and even go upside down.But there's a secret to their twists and turns.On a roller coaster ride，the amount of energy needed to go up a hill or through a loop （圈） is always less than the energy gained by coming down the previous hill.Believe it or not，all of the energy needed for a roller coaster ride is provided in the first drop.
   Roller coasters are designed by special engineers.These engineers need to understand mathematics and，especially，physics.They need to work out exactly how much energy will be generated in the first drop.This energy is called potential energy（势能）.Next，the engineers must figure out how much energy each of the following twists and turns will use.This is called kinetic energy（动能）.It's important work.If the engineers work out wrongly，the roller coaster may run backward and get stuck in the middle of the track!
   Nobody wants the roller coaster to get stuck，but it can happen.On rare occasions，a strong wind or a heavy load of passengers may slow the roller coaster just enough to stop it from climbing the next hill.Some roller coasters actually use this as part of their design.
   As long as people are looking for a thrill （刺激），roller coasters will be there to give it to them.Hiding against the force of gravity provides a great feeling that is hard to beat.For many people，roller coasters are the ultimate thrill ride.

（1）When does a roller coaster get all of the energy it needs？
A．When it goes through a loop.
B．When it moves around corners.
C．When it goes up the second hill.
D．When it falls down the first drop.
（2）Which of the following best describes roller coaster engineers' job？
A．Boring.
B．Well-paid.
C．Demanding.
D．Dangerous.
（3）What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 4 refer to？
A．The roller coaster's getting stuck.
B．The roller coaster's moving slowly.
C．The roller coaster's climbing steep hills.
D．The roller coaster's carrying heavy passengers.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．Gravity can be fun
B．The power of a train
C．What an exciting ride!
D．The world's fastest roller coaster

共享时间:2022-11-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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213764. （2023•西安三中•高二下期中） Ears are for hearing —everyone knows that.But for a creature called the Cuvier's beaked whale，hearing starts in the throat，a new study found.
   The observation might help explain how all whales hear.The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar（声呐）.This sonar，used by some ships，sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
   The Cuvier s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale.Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food.As the whales hunt，they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales.This allows the animals to "see" the shape，size，and location of objects，even when they're 1，000 metres under the sea，where it is totally dark.
   To better understand how the whale hears，researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier s beaked whales.The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
   Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale s head.Then，they modelled the process of sound travelling through the head.The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called "the window for sound".Found on the lower jaw，this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad（垫） of fat on the inside.
   When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale's head，they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal's jaw.From there，sound waves move through the throat，into a hole in the hack of the jaw，and finally to the pad of fat near the animal's ears.

（1）Toothed whales         to search for what they will eat under the sea.
A．measure the shape and size of their objects
B．watch deep into the sea
C．ask other whales to work together
D．give out signals and wait for them to return
（2）Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales in order to        .
A．find out why they had died and washed up on the beach
B．make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head
C．make sure that sound travels through the head
D．know more about the way the whale hears
（3）Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier's beaked whale？
A．A hole in the back of the jaw→the ears→the jaw→ the throat.
B．The jaw→the throat→hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.
C．The throat→the jaw→he ears→hole in the hack of？the jaw.
D．The ears→the throat →a hole in the back of the jaw→the jaw.
（4）According to the passage，we know that        .
A．the throat is important to the Cuvier's beaked whale's hearing
B．ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier's beaked whale
C．the ears are actually useless to the Cuvier's beaked whale
D．the researchers haven't found how the whales hear

共享时间:2023-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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213667. （2023•鄠邑区•高一下期中）     Optical（光学的）fiber is a flexible line of glass capable of carrying information over long distances.Scientists Dr.Robert Maurer.Dr.Peter Schultz，and Dr.Donald Keck invented the first low-loss optical fiber in 1970.Inspired by their belief that information could be sent through light，they spent four years experimenting with different kinds of glass until they succeeded.
    Optical fiber was an answer to consumer demand for increased bandwidth （带宽）.Beginning in the 1960s.the telecommunications industry realized that the existing copper wire infrastructure（基础设施）could no longer keep up as communications traffic increased.Optical fiber changed the telecommunications industry greatly because it，unlike copper，offered limitless bandwidth.Because of those qualities，optical fiber has become the backbone of the networks that we use today to send voice，data，and video around the world.
    The first optical fiber was celebrated for having a total attenuation of 17 dB/km.Today，there are optical fibers with attenuation as low as 0.17 dB/km，which translates to signal loss being 100 times better than the first one.As a result，optical fiber is the preferred medium for fast.reliable communications networks.
    Today，optical fiber provides the infrastructure for broadband connectivity all around the world.Optical fiber supports all the communications and interactive technology we use every day.Because of the global fiber network，you have instant access to voice，information，and video through devices such as smartphones，computers，high-definition TV.CPS，and game systems through which you get directions，send email，conduct research.join social networks，shop，and download music，movies，and more.
    As has been the case from the very beginning，one driver that shapes the future of optical fiber is market demand.Optical fiber continues to create new opportunities in how we live，work，and play.Innovations such as Cloud Computing will enable us to partner with technology in a way never before possible.

（1）What drives the scientists to invent the optical fiber？
A．No enough copper.
B．Better understanding of light.
C．Invention of glass.
D．Need for faster information sending.
（2）What does the underlined word "attenuation" in Paragraph 3 mean？
A．Signal.
B．Loss.
C．Power.
D．Metal.
（3）What can we learn about the optical fiber in Paragraph 4？
A．It has limited usage.
B．It needs more devices.
C．It benefits life and technology.
D．It offers better resources.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？
A．The development and advantages of optical fiber.
B．The ways to develop optical fiber.
C．The future of optical fiber.
D．Different opinions about optical fiber.

共享时间:2023-05-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213563. （2022•未央区•高二上期中） A new study discovers that sharks do sleep，and they often sleep with their eyes open.Since some sharks have to swim constantly to keep oxygen-rich water flowing over their gills （鱼鳃），people have long thought that they don't sleep at all.
   Researchers from Australia have now recorded a species of shark sleeping for the first time，finishing the long-standing debate about whether sharks sleep.To see if sharks were in fact asleep，the team analyzed the metabolism（新陈代谢）and pose of seven draughtsboard sharks （猫鲨）over 24 hours.When the sharks were resting for five minutes or longer，their oxygen consumption dropped，which suggested the animals were sleeping.And the researchers also noticed that the sharks changed their posture by lying flat and closer to the ground.
   The sharks sometimes slept with their eyeut as well，though，mostly during the day.At night，they tended to keep their eyes open more often，leading researchers to suspect that the sharks' eye closure might have more to do with light than the sleep state itself. "Not only are sleeping sharks less responsive to their surroundings，but they also have lower metabolic rate，" said Michael Kelly，an ecophysiologist at La Trobe University.
   "Sharks are an important group as they are the oldest living jawed vertebrates（颌类脊椎动物）—a character they share with us，"Michael Kelly said."Sharks have been swimming in the sea for over 400 million years and have evolved very little in that time.Understanding how and why these animals sleep will provide important understanding into the function of sleep and how the animal has evolved over time."
   The team points out that more research will be needed to see if other species sleep like the draughtsboard sharks.Next they plan to continue to analyze the sharks' brain activity while they sleep，to learn more about their waking and resting states.

（1）What is the previous misunderstanding about sharks？
A．They sleep with their eyes closed.
B．They breathe in flowing water.
C．They swim frequently at night.
D．They always stay awake.
（2）What do researchers find about draughtsboard sharks？
A．They need to rest every five minutes in the sea.
B．They consume much less oxygen during the day.
C．They have the same pose when awake and when asleep.
D．They might close their eyes not to sleep but to avoid light.
（3）What does paragraph 4 talk about？
A．The process of the research.
B．The findings ot the research.
C．The significance of the research.
D．The introduction of the researchers.
（4）What does the researchers think of their research in the last paragraph？
A．Insufficient.
B．Unrealistic.
C．Meaningless.
D．Inefficient.

共享时间:2022-11-17 难度:2 相似度:2

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213543. （2022•长安七中•高二上期中） Limiting kids' recreational（消遣） screen time to less than two hours a day，along with enough sleep and physical activity，is associated with improved cognition（认知），according to a study published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health．
   The study included about 4，500 US children aged 8 to 11 and measured their habits against the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth．It found that 51% of the children got the recommended（建议） nine to eleven hours of uninterrupted sleep per night，37% met the recreational screen time limit of two hours or less per day，while 18% met the physical activity recommendation of at least 60 minutes of accumulated physical activity a day．Only 5% of the children in the study met all three recommendations；30% met none at all．
   The researchers found that as each recommendation was met by a participant，there was a positive association with global cognition，which includes memory，attention，processing speed and language．Those who met all three had the most "superior" global cognition，followed by those meeting the sleep and screen time recommendation and finally the screen time recommendation alone，according to the study．
   Other organizations，such as the American Academy of Pediatrics have guidelines in place to help with the management of children's screen time．The organization suggests putting realistic rules or limits in place for how long your children are on their screens，knowing who they are talking to and what they are doing．The amount of recommended screen time depends on the age of the child．Besides，parentould also make sure to encourage physical activity and have bedroom rules such as creating "tech-free zones"．

（1）Who are the target readers of this passage？
A．Researchers．
B．Teachers．
C．Parents．
D．Children．
（2）What is the main idea of this passage？
A．A study on children's screen time is published．
B．US children fail to meet movement guidelines．
C．Organizations are concerned about children's cognition．
D．Limitation on children's screen time is linked to better cognition．
（3）According to the passage，which of the following might contributes least to cognition？
A．Screen time limit．
B．Sleep hours．
C．Physical activity time．
D．Sleep hours and screen time limit．
（4）Why does the American organization suggest creating "tech-free zones"？
A．To make sure children have enough physical playtime．
B．To make sure children have enough sleep time．
C．To make sure children have recreational time．
D．To protect children against radiation．

共享时间:2022-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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213514. （2022•长安区一中•高二上期中） Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.These immune cells recognize the antigen，a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response.In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes.Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localized，allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work.Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle，these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels，which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes.Lymph nodes，important parts of our immune system，contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
   Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized.Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid muscle may result in local inflammation or soreness at the injection site.If certain vaccines are injected into fat issue，the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply，leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
   Yet another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle.
   Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid.Younger children receive their vaccines mid-thigh because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed.
   Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability.
   Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around？Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred.

（1）How many reasons are mentioned for the vaccines given in the muscle？
A．2.
B．3.
C．4.
D．5.
（2）Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site？
A．Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells.
B．Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses.
C．Muscles can easily recognize bacteria.
D．Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses.
（3）What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat issues？
A．Poor blood supply.
B．Local pain.
C．Rapid fat loss.
D．Better absorption.
（4）Where is the passage most likely taken from？
A．An advertisement.
B．A novel.
C．A speech.
D．A journal.

共享时间:2022-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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219637. （2020•长安区一中•高一上二月） $德优题库$ Where in the classroom do you prefer to sit，and why？Scientists have discovered that seating preference not only shows students' personalities，but has a great influence on their school performance.Generally speaking，studentow different attitudes depending on where they sit.Based on the research，scientists have developed a funnel-like（像漏斗的）model of "learning zones（区域）" to see the relationship between seating and active learning.
   In this model，the mouth of the funnel（A）is the best position for learning.Students in this front area prove to be the most active learners.They show a greater desire（渴求）for learning，which leads them to focus（集中注意力）better and take a more active part than the rest of the class.Those in the neck of the funnel（B） don't pay the same close attention，but they ask a lot of questions，partly because of the added confidence they feel from being in a safe zone，with others around them.Less desirable is the area "outside the funnel（C，D），" which refers to the side and the back rows，where students take a less active part in classroom activities and find it hard to focus their attention，falling asleep at times.
   Studies about learning zones suggest that a change in traditional seating plans can benefit students.In fact，a growing number of teachers have begun less traditional seating plans，such as "U-Type".There are no side and back areas，so teachers can expect their students to take part in activities more actively and increase student-teacher interaction（互动）.

（1）According to scientists，students' learning is greatly influenced by        .
A．the number of students
B．the time of class
C．seating positions
D．the size of the classroom
（2）It turns out that the students sitting in Area B        .
A．sometimes fall asleep
B．feel safe and confident
C．seldom ask their teachers questions
D．try to avoid looking directly at the teacher
（3）Which area is most proper for learning？
A．Area A.
B．Area B.
C．Area C.
D．Area D.
（4）What does the underlined word "benefit" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Cause trouble for.
B．Take control of.
C．Give a warning to.
D．Do good to.

共享时间:2020-12-23 难度:2 相似度:2

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213268. （2024•西安八十五中•高一下期中）     An Inuit-developed app，named SIKU after the Inuktitut for "sea ice"，allows local communities from Alaska to Greenland to connect traditional knowledge with scientific data to track changes in the environment，and make decisions about how to manage wildlife.
    A group of Inuit elders and hunters from Sanikiluaq，Nunavut，thought up the idea for SIKU more than ten years ago to document and understand the changing sea ice they were seeing in southeastern Hudson Bay.The group turned to the local non-profit Arctic Eider Society （AES） to develop a web-based platform （平台）.
    Over the years，SIKU has developed，and recently，the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge：sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones.In 2019，SIKU was reintroduced as a full-fledged （全面发展的） social network —a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings，hunts，sea ice conditions and more.The posts tell stories of hunting and traveling；the impacts of climate change and industrial activity；and the traditions，diets and illnesses of local animals.
    Inuit communities are already using the app to inform important decisions.In 2021，for example，elders in Sanikiluaq were worried that the local reindeer （驯鹿） population had reduced，so the Hunters and Trappers Association used SIKU to survey hunters and look at recent reported harvest rates.The information led the association to close the hunt for a short time to reduce pressure on the population and to reintroduce hunting slowly when the number of reindeer increased.
    Traditionally，Inuit communitieared this information orally （口头上地）. "We have lived in the environment for centuries and know about the wildlife.Now armed with SIKU，information is documented in a way that other people will understand.The advantage of SIKU is that it's part science and part Inuit knowledge and it supports community-driven research，" says Lucassie Arragutainaq，a co-founder of AES.

（1）What was the purpose of developing SIKU in the beginning？
A．To raise money for AES.
B．To pass on Inuit tradition.
C．To attract more visitors to Inuit communities.
D．To record and learn about the changing sea ice.
（2）Why is reindeer mentioned in paragraph 4？
A．To further prove the role of SIKU.
B．To advise people to pay more attention to SIKU.
C．To call on visitors and locals to protect reindeer.
D．To tell the benefits of the Hunters and Trappers Association.
（3）What is the attitude of Lucassie Arragutainaq toward SIKU？
A．Doubtful.
B．Worried.
C．Puzzled.
D．Supportive.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．SIKU：Overcoming Environmental Challenges
B．SIKU：Informing Decision Of Local Communities
C．SIKU：Joining Traditional Wisdom To Modern Technology
D．SIKU：Advantages Over Other Local Social Media Platforms

共享时间:2024-05-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213078. （2023•莲湖区•高二上期中）     In 2018，Russian scientists took a soil sample from deep in the permanently frozen ground in Siberia in Russia.They discovered two tiny round nematodes （线虫） frozen in the sample，which were so small that they could only be seen with a microscope.Testowed the soil had been frozen for about 46，000 years old.When the nematodes were placed in room temperature，they began to move.The nematodes are the oldest living animals ever brought back to life after being frozen.The discovery makes up for the research on how living things can survive in tough conditions.
   Nematodes can live for years if they're frozen.They can enter a special state called cryptobiosis （隐生现象），during which animals reduce their activities and consume very little energy.Before this，the longest nematode had been known to survive through cryptobiosis was about 25 years.Being revived after 46，000 years was a new record for any kind of animal.
   The nematodes were sent off to Germany to be studied further.The researchers found the two nematodes were a new species of nematode that had not yet been discovered.That's not too surprising，since there are so many species of nematodes.They also found the nematodes were able to survive being frozen better if they were dried out a little first.The drying helped them produce a special sugar called trehalose （海藻糖），which helped them survive being frozen.The scientists also studied a nematode species that is common these days.They found that it also uses the sugar to protect itself in cryptobiosis.
   Both of the nematodes were females.Before long，they began to have babies.Some kinds of nematodes，including these，have the ability for a single nematode to have babies all by itself.The two original frozen nematodes have now died.But their babies had babies who had babies，and so on.Most of the nematodes only live a month or two unless they get frozen.

（1）What do we know about the two nematodes in the first paragraph？
A．They were the oldest living animals.
B．They were still alive when warmed up.
C．They were found on the surface of the ground.
D．They were the tiniest creatures ever discovered.
（2）How does cryptobiosis affect nematodes？
A．It slows down the pace of their life.
B．It helps them speed up their drying.
C．It gets their body temperature down.
D．It stops them from consuming energy.
（3）Which of the following is unrelated to the nematodes' survival for years？
A．Cryptobiosis.
B．Trehalose.
C．Their sex.
D．Dry condition.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Female nematodes live longer than the male ones
B．Nematodes can produce young when they are frozen
C．Nematodes are ranked the fastest producing creatures
D．Short-lived nematodes survived for thousands of years

共享时间:2023-11-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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213049. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期中）     The farms of the future may look very different from that of today.That's because farms do not have to be outside anymore.They also won't have to be above ground.In London，100 feet below the streets there was a huge empty space.Richard Ballard and Steven Dring，founders of the company Growing Underground，thought it would be an ideal spot to build a hydroponic （水栽的） farm.After all，these types of farms are doing well in other indoor spaces.
    Founded in 2015，Growing Underground's farm grows microgreens and salad leaves using hydroponic technology that grows plants in water but not soil.In fact，the company said that its hydroponic technology allows for the perfect pest-free growing environment.
    These methods use about 70 percent water less than traditional field agriculture and all the nutrients are kept within a closed circle system.They can grow the greens all year round because they are not affected by weather or growing seasons.
    But it is the LED lighting system that is the key to growing food underground.Ballard said， "Already，LEDs allow the growers to change the flavor of the greens，as their sugars and starches develop differently under different light spectrums （光谱）."
    Right now，the company only sells greens with a lot of leaves because they are the only crops that grow fast enough to be economically feasible but Ballard believes that will change. "As technologies improve，you'll see soft fruits，cucumbers，peppers，" he said.
    The company's goal is to keep food local.They say that all of the greens can be in your kitchen within four hours of being picked.They currently sell to local restaurants in London，but they hope to be entering the local groceries soon.

（1）What makes the underground farm possible？
A．The rich soil.
B．The great demand for fruits.
C．The hydroponic technology.
D．The good weather condition.
（2）What is the function of the LED lighting system？
A．To get rid of pests.
B．To increase the temperature of underground farm.
C．To allow greens to grow rapidly.
D．To provide various light spectrums.
（3）What does the underlined word "feasible" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Difficult.
B．Challenged.
C．Impossible.
D．Achievable.
（4）What does the company expect of the underground farm？
A．It'll benefit more customers.
B．It'll be environment-friendly.
C．It'll keep food fresher for longer.
D．It'll use the latest technology.

共享时间:2023-11-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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213031. （2023•长安区一中•高二上期中）     The sales pitches tempt：Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short-wavelength light emitting from our smartphones，computer screens and LED lights.Given how much time we spend on our devices，this sounds like a smart investment，right？After all，eye strain is a real issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases.The glasses can cost ＄15 all the way up to several hundred dollars.But do they work？
    Elizabeth Esparaz，an ophthalmologist （眼科专家） based in Cleveland，Ohio，says the science that manufacturerare as they promote these glasses can be confusing.For starters，blue light is not just about tech devices，and it's not always bad. "The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices，of course，and it's actually beneficial，" says Dr.Esparaz.It helps our mood，alertness and sleep-wake cycle.
    The problem is blue light at night：It contains the release of melatonin. "Melatonin helps regulate our circadian rhythms （生理节奏） and makes us sleepy，" says Dr.Esparaz.
    So，in theory，wearing blue-light-blocking glasseould help people who watch movies in bed or read from a tablet at night avoid sleeplessness.A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma that looked at 24 previous studies found that people affected by sleep disorders，jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using these glasses.
    As for eye strain，a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses.And a 2018 review study，also by Australian researchers，found insufficient evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases.
    "These glasses aren't going to be harmful，" says Dr.Esparaz，But，she adds，a lack of standardization in the industry means there's no way to know if one pair is better than another.A more reliable solution：Turn on the blue-light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed.To help with eye strain，Dr.Esparaz suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops.

（1）What is Dr.Esparaz's attitude toward business publicity？
A．Unclear.
B．Dismissive.
C．Approving.
D．Doubtful.
（2）What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs？
A．It can be beneficial.
B．It may facilitate sleep.
C．It actually causes health issues.
D．It merely comes from digital devices.
（3）Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses        .
A．helps prevent eye disease
B．are not harmful to eyesight
C．contributes to no less eye strain
D．benefits those with sleep disorders
（4）What might be the best title of this passage？
A．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：Your Best Choice
B．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：Good or Bad
C．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：A Good Business
D．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：Smart and Cool

共享时间:2023-11-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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212894. （2024•周至四中•高一下期中）     Humans aren't the only animals that move to music.Parrots have been known to do it.And now rats have been observed bopping their heads in time with the tunes of Mozart，Lady Gaga，Michael Jackson and others，according to a new study from the University of Tokyo.What's more，the rats seems to respond to the same beats that get humans' feet tapping （轻跺）.
    The researchers played a sonata by Mozart for lab rats at different variations （变更） of the original speed：75%，100%，200% and 400%.Wireless sensors on the rats' bodies tracked their movements.Meanwhile，20 human participants were involved and listened to the same music through motion sensor-equipped headphones.
    It was observed that the rats' head movements were the most obvious when the music played at its normal speed，which was around 132 bpm （beats per minute）.The same was true for human participants.The researchers then changed to some pop songs such as Lady Gaga's "Born This Way" and Michael Jackson's "Beat It".As with Mozart's，rats moved their heads along the rhythm of pop songs，similar to how people do，at about 120 to 140 bpm.
    The study showed that both rats and humans moved their heads along to the beat in a similar rhythm.The level of head bopping from both humans and rats decreased as the music sped up.The study suggests that there is something similar about the way human and rat brains respond to rhythm，but rats do not match their motions to the beat like humans do.Humans can predict the timing of a beat and move predictably to it.
    Aniruddh Patel，a psychologist who studies brain response to music，says humans and parrots respond to beats with big，voluntary movements such as head shaking，dancing or foot tapping.Patel also stresses that this study does not show that rats have the same emotional associations with music as humans do.Yet he believes it could help reveal how humans and some other animals evolved a sense of rhythm.

（1）What does the underlined word "bopping" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Moving.
B.Responding to.
C.Nodding.
D.Reacting.
（2）How do rats differ from humans in response to music？
A.They seem more interested in pop music.
B.They make similar movements to different rhythms.
C .They prefer moving their heads with the beat.
D.They are unable to predict the beat of music.
（3）What is Patel's attitude towards the study？
A.Uncaring.
B.Doubtful.
C.Positive.
D.Disapproving.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A.Music affects rats' brains.
B.Humans are the only animals that move to music.
C.Music is attractive to rats.
D.Rats may respond to music like human do.

共享时间:2024-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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212704. （2024•铁一中学•高二上期中）     Years ago，I bought a blouse.That same day，I considered putting it on，but for no particular reason I decided not to.That weekend，I again considered wearing the blouse，but the occasion didn't seem special enough，so again，I passed it up.Fast forward to today，I have never worn that blouse.
    What happened here？Why do people own so many unused possessions，treating them as though they are too special to use？To find out，I ran an experiment in which participants imagined buying a bottle of wine.We had half of the participants imagine considering opening it one night，but deciding not to.Then when we measured how special the wine seemed and participants' intentions to open it later，we found that those who had imagined holding off on opening it were in fact less likely to intend to open it later.When asked the reason，most assumed they were waiting for a future occasion to open it-a more special occasion.
    Why do people fall into this mental trap？Prior research points to two main reasons.
    First，when options are presented one at a time，rather than all at once，it can be difficult to know when to make a decision.So people often end up"holding out" for an idealized future occasion.Second，regardless of the actual reasons behind their feelings and actions，people often come up with their own explanations after the fact.
    Putting these together is a recipe for what psychologists term""specialness spirals".When you give up using something-for whatever reason-if you believe that you are waiting to use it，the possession will start to feel more special.And as you search for the right occasion day after day，it becomes more tempting to hold out for a future occasion.The less you use it，though，the more special it feels，and the cycle continues.Ultimately，the likelihood of using the possession becomes rarer and rarer.The more this happens，the more stuff you have lying around.
    How can you fight specialness spirals？Try committing in advance to using an item on a specific occasion.When buying a dress，tell yourself you'll wear it this weekend.Or when purchasing a candle，plan to light it that day.This strategy encourages you to actually enjoy your possessions.

（1）What were the participants asked to imagine doing in the experiment？
A.Putting off drinking the wine.
B.Evaluating the quality of the wine.
C.Listing reasons for drinking the wine.
D.Discussing how they would deal with the wine.
（2）What does the underlined word"tempting"in paragraph 5 mean？
A.Particular.
B.Ordinary.
C.Appealing.
D.Uninviting.
（3）What can we learn about specialness spirals？
A.They can mislead people into shopping traps.
B.They can lead to a collection of unused stuff.
C.They result from a pessimistic attitude to the future.
D.They help explain the psychology of delayed rewards.
（4）What is the main purpose of the text？
A.To explain a psychological phenomenon.
B To criticize a wrong consumption concept.
C.To remind people to enjoy their possessions.
D.To encourage people to prepare for a rainy day.

共享时间:2024-11-24 难度:2 相似度:2

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205823. （2017•西安中学•高二下期末） The pursuit of happiness can be a lifelong search for some-but researchers believe they may have found a key factor in feeling a greater overall sense of well-being．
Nottingham Trent University researchers found that the more an individual identified with a particular group，such as family，in their local community or through a hobby，the happier they were with their life．
"Our findings suggest that thinking more about one's group life could have significant benefits for an overall sense of well-being，"said Dr．Juliet Wakefield，a psychologist at Nottingham Trent University．
"We tend to identify with groups that share our values，interests and life priorities，as well as those that support us in times of crisis，and we can see how this would be linked to happiness．Our work taps into （发掘） knowledge that is deep within all of us，but we often forget due to the fast-paced and achievement-focused nature of modern life-to be your best self，you are likely to require the support of others．"
They studied how 4，000 participants felt connected to certain groups，and then measured the influence this had upon their levels of happiness．It's important to note that identifying with a group isn't the same as membership，though．You can be a member of a group with which you feel no connection at all．It's that subjective sense of belonging that's crucial for happiness．
Health care professionalould encourage people to join groups that they are interested in，or which promote their values and ideals，as well as advising people to maintain association with groups they already belong to．Simple social interventions （干预） such as this could in turn help to reduce care expense and prevent future ill health．

（1）According to the text，who are much happier？
A．Individuals who have happy families．
B．Individuals who have a good many hobbies．
C．People who feel a strong sense of belonging to a group．
D．People who gain membership of many social groups．
（2）What do people tend to forget in Juliet's view？
A．They live a busy and stressful life．
B．They need others' help for self-improvement．
C．Happiness is of the same importance as work．
D．They should connect with like-minded people．
（3）What does the underlined word"this"in the last paragraph refer to？
A．Health care experts' encouragement and advice．
B．Reduction of health care expenses．
C．Social involvement with certain groups．
D．Promotion of people's values and interests．
（4）What may be the best title for the passage？
A．The Nature of Happiness．
B．The Secret to Happiness．
C．The Search for Happiness．
D．The Attitude to Happiness．

共享时间:2017-07-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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mi@dyw.com

2020-11-14

高中英语 | 高一上 | 阅读理解

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