细菌蓝藻菌

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213288. （2023•西工大附中•高一下期中） Some bacteria （细菌）have a superpower that scientists would love to use.These bacteria gain energy from light，just as plants do.Scientists have wanted to use cyanobacteria（蓝藻菌）to make electricity.But in previous research，they didn't survive long on artificial surfaces.Researchers have now moved them to a living surface - a mushroom.Their creation is the first mushroom to make electricity.
   Applied Physicist Simon Jackson and his team turned that mushroom into a mini energy farm.This bionic（生物电子的）mushroom combines 3 D printing，conductive ink and bacteria to generate electricity.Its design could lead to new ways of combining nature with electronics.Like plants，cyanobacteria make their own food from sunlight，releasing electrons（电子）.When enough electrons build up in one place，they can create an electric current.
   The researchers needed to bring a lot of these bacteria together.They decided to use 3 D printing to place them precisely onto a surface.Jackson's team chose mushrooms for that surface.After all，they realized，mushrooms naturally host communities of bacteria and other microbes.Finding test subjects for their tests was easy.Jackson simply went to the grocery store and picked up white button mushrooms.
   Printing on those mushrooms，though，turned out to be a real challenge.3 D printers have been designed to print on flat surfaces，but mushroom caps are curved.The researchers spent months writing computer code to solve the problem.Eventually，they came up with a program to 3 D print their ink onto the curved mushroom tops.
   The researchers printed two "inks" onto their mushrooms.One was a green ink made of cyanobacteria.They used this to make a spiral pattern on the cap.They also，used a black ink made of graphene，which is great at conducting electricity.They printed this ink in a branching pattern across the mushroom top.Then it was time to shine.
   "Cyanobacteria are the real heroes here，" says Jackson.When his team shone light on the mushrooms，the bacteria gave out electrons.Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.

（1）What was the problem in previous research？
A．Cyanobacteria didn't produce electrons.
B．Cyanobacteria couldn't get enough light.
C．The researchers chose the wrong bacteria.
D．No suitable home was made for cyanobacteria.
（2）Why were mushrooms finally chosen as test subjects？
A．They are convenient to find.
B．They can produce electric currents.
C．They are where bacteria can naturally grow.
D．They can be easily combined with 3 D printing.
（3）What is the major function of the black ink in this test？
A．To feed bacteria.
B．To deliver electrons.
C．To produce electricity.
D．To reshape mushroom tops.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．Who are the real heroes？
B．New application of 3 D printing
C．Nature combined with electrons
D．Bionic mushroom makes electricity

共享时间:2023-05-21 难度:2

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科普知识，说明文，

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DCBD

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（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists have wanted to use cyanobacteria to make electricity.But in previous research，they didn't survive long on artificial surfaces.（科学家们想用蓝藻来发电。但在之前的研究中，它们在人造表面上存活的时间并不长。）可知，以前的研究存在的问题是蓝藻在人造表面上存活的时间并不长，由此推断，蓝藻没有合适的栖息地。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中They decided to use 3 D printing to place them precisely onto a surface.Jackson's team chose mushrooms for that surface.After all，they realized，mushrooms naturally host communities of bacteria and other microbes.Finding test subjects for their tests was easy.Jackson simply went to the grocery store and picked up white button mushrooms.（他们决定使用3 d打印将它们精确地放置在一个表面上。杰克逊的团队在这个表面选择了蘑菇。毕竟，他们意识到，蘑菇自然是细菌和其他微生物群落的宿主。为他们的测试找到测试对象很容易。杰克逊只是去了杂货店，买了白纽扣蘑菇。）可知，最终选择蘑菇作为测试对象是因为蘑菇是细菌自然生长的地方。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段 The researchers printed two "inks" onto their mushrooms.One was a green ink made of cyanobacteria.They used this to make a spiral pattern on the cap.They also，used a black ink made of graphene，which is great at conducting electricity.They printed this ink in a branching pattern across the mushroom top.Then it was time to shine.（研究人员在蘑菇上印了两种"墨水"。一种是由蓝藻细菌制成的绿色墨水。他们用这种材料在盖子上做了一个螺旋图案，还用了石墨烯制成的黑色墨水，石墨烯导电性能很好。他们把墨水印在蘑菇顶部的分支图案上。然后是发光的时候了。）可知，本次试验中黑色墨水是石墨烯制成，导电性能很好；结合最后一段中When his team shone light on the mushrooms，the bacteria gave out electrons.Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.（当他的团队用光照射蘑菇时，细菌释放出电子。这些电子流入石墨烯并产生电流。）可知，石墨烯能产生电流。由此推断，黑色墨水的主要作用是导电。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种能发电的蘑菇以及科学家对此的研究和实验过程；结合最后一段"Cyanobacteria are the real heroes here，" says Jackson.When his team shone light on the mushrooms，the bacteria gave out electrons.Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.（"蓝藻是这里真正的英雄，"杰克逊说。当他的团队用光照射蘑菇时，细菌释放出电子。这些电子流入石墨烯并产生电流。）可知，D选项Bionic mushroom makes electricity（仿生蘑菇可以发电）突出了文章的中心，体现了本文所介绍的科学研究。故选D。

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213316. （2022•师大附中•高一上期中） Clank，clank，clank，clank.Slowly the train climbs the steep （陡峭的） hill.You should look at this train closely because it is very special.It can reach a speed of 120 kilometers per hour，it can go upside down and sideways，and it can accelerate （加速） as fast as a Ferrari.Look at the passengers.They know about this vehicle and they look nervous.In fact，some even look fearful.That's not surprising，as this is no ordinary train ride；in fact，this train is a roller coaster!
   Roller coasters fly up and down hills，move around corners，twist，turn，and even go upside down.But there's a secret to their twists and turns.On a roller coaster ride，the amount of energy needed to go up a hill or through a loop （圈） is always less than the energy gained by coming down the previous hill.Believe it or not，all of the energy needed for a roller coaster ride is provided in the first drop.
   Roller coasters are designed by special engineers.These engineers need to understand mathematics and，especially，physics.They need to work out exactly how much energy will be generated in the first drop.This energy is called potential energy（势能）.Next，the engineers must figure out how much energy each of the following twists and turns will use.This is called kinetic energy（动能）.It's important work.If the engineers work out wrongly，the roller coaster may run backward and get stuck in the middle of the track!
   Nobody wants the roller coaster to get stuck，but it can happen.On rare occasions，a strong wind or a heavy load of passengers may slow the roller coaster just enough to stop it from climbing the next hill.Some roller coasters actually use this as part of their design.
   As long as people are looking for a thrill （刺激），roller coasters will be there to give it to them.Hiding against the force of gravity provides a great feeling that is hard to beat.For many people，roller coasters are the ultimate thrill ride.

（1）When does a roller coaster get all of the energy it needs？
A．When it goes through a loop.
B．When it moves around corners.
C．When it goes up the second hill.
D．When it falls down the first drop.
（2）Which of the following best describes roller coaster engineers' job？
A．Boring.
B．Well-paid.
C．Demanding.
D．Dangerous.
（3）What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 4 refer to？
A．The roller coaster's getting stuck.
B．The roller coaster's moving slowly.
C．The roller coaster's climbing steep hills.
D．The roller coaster's carrying heavy passengers.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．Gravity can be fun
B．The power of a train
C．What an exciting ride!
D．The world's fastest roller coaster

共享时间:2022-11-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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202892. （2018•西安中学•二模） A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower．Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind：How can willpower be strengthened？If willpower is truly a limited resource，as the research suggests，what can be done to make it stay strong？
   Avoiding temptation（诱惑） is an effective method for maintaining self-control，which is called the "out of sight，out of mind" principle．One recent study，for instance，found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks，in plain sight．
   The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir（储备） of self-control raises a troubling question．When we face too many temptations，are we to fail？Not necessarily．Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted．Rather，people appear to hold some willpower in reserve，saved for future demands．The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down．High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point．
   Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱） to being exhausted in the first place．Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use．But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison，they say．While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term，they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term．Similarly，regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength．
   The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach．Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas，so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time．In other words，don't try to quit smoking，adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time．Taking goals one by one is a better approach．Once a good habit is in place，Baumeister says，you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior．Eventually healthy habits will become routine，and won't require making decisions at all．
   Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research．Yet it seems likely that with clear goals，good self-monitoring and a little practice，you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation．

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that        ．
A．people have unlimited self-control
B．high motivation ensures one's success
C．willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D．too many temptations often lead to failure
（2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means        ．
A．make use of
B．run out of
C．build
D．increase
（3）The author compares self-control to muscles        ．
A．to prove the long-term effects of willpower
B．to show the significance of regular exercise
C．to argue that self-control can be easily used up
D．to explain the benefits of practicing self-control
（4）To develop a good habit，which of the following does the author prefer？
A． "I will give up dessert and do exercise．"
B． "I will set three goals this new semester．"
C． "I will keep myself from any temptation．"
D． "I will read an English novel every month．"

共享时间:2018-03-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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203543. （2025•铁一中学•高二上期末）      Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala.Over a period of 12 days，I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade.But looking back on that trip，what I remember most vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City，at a lifeless hotel.Rather than a countdown to midnight，I counted down the hours until my departure.
    Nothing special happened during that night.Rather，the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect."The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest，"said Dr.Mary Poffenroth，a biopsychologist.
    She says it arises from our short-term memory's inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once.So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories，employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
    Dr.Stephanie，a Neuroscientist，says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip's end，you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
    Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire."Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays，lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience，resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful，"Stephanie said.
    To avoid disproportionately（不成比例地） spotlighting the final days，Poffenroth has created a trip.She amplifies（增强） earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded."I collect little bits that will remind me of that day：a subway ticket，a seashell，a cardboard drink with a pub's logo on it."Then，ae is packing on the last day， "I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one，"she said."This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable."

（1）How did the author feel about the New Year's Eve in Guatemala City？
A.It was boring.
B.It was eventful.
C.It was relaxing.
D.It was cheerful.
（2）What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2？
A.It is based on a psychological principle.
B.It is widely used to create lovely memories.
C.It highlights the final part of a series of events.
D.It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
（3）What does the underlined word"backfire"mean in paragraph 4？
A.Be avoided to some extent.
B.Be applied extensively.
C.Produce undesirable consequences.
D.Pose unexpected challenges.
（4）According to Poffenroth，which of the following may help travelers have good memories？
A.Share travel experiences.
B.Recall the final days of a journey.
C.Purchase as many souvenirs as possible.
D.Purposely gather reminders of a journey.

共享时间:2025-03-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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213764. （2023•西安三中•高二下期中） Ears are for hearing —everyone knows that.But for a creature called the Cuvier's beaked whale，hearing starts in the throat，a new study found.
   The observation might help explain how all whales hear.The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar（声呐）.This sonar，used by some ships，sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
   The Cuvier s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale.Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food.As the whales hunt，they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales.This allows the animals to "see" the shape，size，and location of objects，even when they're 1，000 metres under the sea，where it is totally dark.
   To better understand how the whale hears，researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier s beaked whales.The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
   Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale s head.Then，they modelled the process of sound travelling through the head.The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called "the window for sound".Found on the lower jaw，this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad（垫） of fat on the inside.
   When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale's head，they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal's jaw.From there，sound waves move through the throat，into a hole in the hack of the jaw，and finally to the pad of fat near the animal's ears.

（1）Toothed whales         to search for what they will eat under the sea.
A．measure the shape and size of their objects
B．watch deep into the sea
C．ask other whales to work together
D．give out signals and wait for them to return
（2）Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales in order to        .
A．find out why they had died and washed up on the beach
B．make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head
C．make sure that sound travels through the head
D．know more about the way the whale hears
（3）Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier's beaked whale？
A．A hole in the back of the jaw→the ears→the jaw→ the throat.
B．The jaw→the throat→hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.
C．The throat→the jaw→he ears→hole in the hack of？the jaw.
D．The ears→the throat →a hole in the back of the jaw→the jaw.
（4）According to the passage，we know that        .
A．the throat is important to the Cuvier's beaked whale's hearing
B．ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier's beaked whale
C．the ears are actually useless to the Cuvier's beaked whale
D．the researchers haven't found how the whales hear

共享时间:2023-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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201865. （2024•西安一中•三模）     Fossils （化石），the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history.The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
    The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
    As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment （沉积层）.Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments.This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
    Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process.It involves the infiltration （过滤） of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains.Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers.The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
    Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals.For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure.Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
    The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.

（1）What is the role of fossils in the modern times？        ?
A．To help protect our environment.
B．To help explore the function of the Earth.
C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe.
D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms.
（2）Which of the following is the first step of fossilization？        ?
A．The quick pressure caused by rocks.
B．The quick transformation of the remains.
C．The rapid burial of the remains.
D．The mix of groundwater and minerals.
（3）How can a good copy of organisms form？        ?
A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material.
B．By groundwater moving through them.
C．By accumulating more pressure on them.
D．By creating a protective environment.
（4）What's the text mainly about？        ?
A．The importance of fossils.
B．The process of fossilization.
C．The evolution of ancient animals.
D．The preservation of the remains.

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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204537. （2023•西安市蓝田县城关中学•高二下期末）     The discovery of the Komodo Dragons is one of the most important zoological （动物学的） surprises of the 20th century.Before 1912 it was completely unknown and it was believed that there were no more large lizards （蜥蜴） in the world.Then，in that year，a party of fishermen stopped at an almost completely-unknown small island in a group of islands.The fishermen brought back stories of a huge，prehistoric animal living there.The island's name was Komodo.The largest of these lizards was over ten feet from nose to tail.Komodo dragons have also been discovered on several neighboring islands.
    Are the dragons dangerous to humans？Yes.A Swiss tourist who sat down to have a rest while the other people of his tour group went ahead was attacked and eaten by a dragon.All that was left was a piece of his camera.A number of other people have been killed by dragon attacks over the years.The dragons can eat up to 80 percent of their own weight in a single meal.Their attack way is to wait behind trees，then rush forward and give a single large bite to the person or other animal.Most Komodo dragons prefer wild boar （野猪） or deer as their meals，but they will try to attack and get almost every other animal they can find，including other dragons.The largest dragons weigh around 150 kilos.Though the Komodo dragons can see well，they do most of their hunting based on smell.A dragon can recognize a certain smell from several miles when the wind is right.They will hunt when they have to，and these large lizards are more than happy to get an already dead animal when they come across one.

（1）How was the Komodo dragon discovered？
A．Scientists had been looking for it and found it.
B．It was found by chance by some fishermen.
C．Some fishermen looked for it on an island.
D．It was discovered by some tourists.
（2）Komodo dragons have been found         .
A．only on Komodo
B．on several islands near Komodo Island
C．on many islands in the world
D．on all the islands near Komodo Island
（3）These large lizards are dangerous to people，because         .
A．when people attack them，they will fight back
B．humans are their favourite food
C．they will attack and eat humans if they find them
D．they are much bigger than people
（4）A Komodo dragon will eat all the following EXCEPT         .
A．deer
B．humans
C．trees
D．komodo dragons

共享时间:2023-07-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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205823. （2017•西安中学•高二下期末） The pursuit of happiness can be a lifelong search for some-but researchers believe they may have found a key factor in feeling a greater overall sense of well-being．
Nottingham Trent University researchers found that the more an individual identified with a particular group，such as family，in their local community or through a hobby，the happier they were with their life．
"Our findings suggest that thinking more about one's group life could have significant benefits for an overall sense of well-being，"said Dr．Juliet Wakefield，a psychologist at Nottingham Trent University．
"We tend to identify with groups that share our values，interests and life priorities，as well as those that support us in times of crisis，and we can see how this would be linked to happiness．Our work taps into （发掘） knowledge that is deep within all of us，but we often forget due to the fast-paced and achievement-focused nature of modern life-to be your best self，you are likely to require the support of others．"
They studied how 4，000 participants felt connected to certain groups，and then measured the influence this had upon their levels of happiness．It's important to note that identifying with a group isn't the same as membership，though．You can be a member of a group with which you feel no connection at all．It's that subjective sense of belonging that's crucial for happiness．
Health care professionalould encourage people to join groups that they are interested in，or which promote their values and ideals，as well as advising people to maintain association with groups they already belong to．Simple social interventions （干预） such as this could in turn help to reduce care expense and prevent future ill health．

（1）According to the text，who are much happier？
A．Individuals who have happy families．
B．Individuals who have a good many hobbies．
C．People who feel a strong sense of belonging to a group．
D．People who gain membership of many social groups．
（2）What do people tend to forget in Juliet's view？
A．They live a busy and stressful life．
B．They need others' help for self-improvement．
C．Happiness is of the same importance as work．
D．They should connect with like-minded people．
（3）What does the underlined word"this"in the last paragraph refer to？
A．Health care experts' encouragement and advice．
B．Reduction of health care expenses．
C．Social involvement with certain groups．
D．Promotion of people's values and interests．
（4）What may be the best title for the passage？
A．The Nature of Happiness．
B．The Secret to Happiness．
C．The Search for Happiness．
D．The Attitude to Happiness．

共享时间:2017-07-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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205725. （2018•西安中学•高二上期末） Imagine this：you are all by yourself in the wild．To make things worse，everyone is fighting against you．Can you survive？
This is what 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen faces in the book The Hunger Games by American author Suzanne Collins．The novel has been on the USA Today's Best-Selling Books list for two years since it was first released （出版） in 2008．
The novel takes place in an imagined time．The US no longer exists．North America has become Panem，and its biggest city is called the Capitol．The rest of Panem is divided into 12 districts．
Long ago，the districts started a war against the Capitol and lost．They gave up and had to send one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18 to appear in a yearly TV show called The Hunger Games．
The teenagers have to fight each other in a desolate （荒凉的） environment．The rules and audience may change，but one rule always stays the same：kill or be killed．
Katniss lives with her mother and younger sister in District 12，the poorest district of Panem．She tries to support her family by secretly hunting beyond the border of her district．When Katniss' sister is chosen to appear in the show，Katniss steps up to take her sister's place．However，her friendship with the other District 12 contestant （选手），a baker's son named Peeta Mellark，makes her situation even more complicated．In order to survive，she must choose which is more important：her own survival or humanity；life or love．
The twists and turns of her adventure make it hard to put the book down．You can feel Katniss' pain，confusion and love．This is how a novel should be：you don't just read it - you live in it．

（1）The purpose of writing this article is mainly to        ．
A．give us an example of how to survive in the wild
B．introduce to us a USA Today's best-seller
C．teach us how to win The Hunger Games
D．tell us what might happen in the future North America
（2）Which is TRUE according to the text？
A．The Hunger Games is a televised competition held every two years．
B．Katniss takes her sister's place to compete because she loves adventures．
C．The new country Panem is divided into 12 parts altogether．
D．The young competitors in The Hunger Games are forced to kill or be killed．
（3）The underlined word "complicated" in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to        ．
A．difficult
B．hopeless
C．advantageous
D．impossible
（4）In The Hunger Games，Katniss faces more challenges because she has to think about        ．
A．who can support her family instead of her
B．what is the most important in life
C．how she can defeat her opponent
D．why she has to compete in such a violent game

共享时间:2018-02-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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203074. （2017•铁一中学•三模） It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet．Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight；those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，"Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain．"The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．
Boston University's Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms（生物学机制） relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes（糖尿病），which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese．What's more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells．

（1）The passage is mainly for those

A．who produce wine	B．who have a drinking habit
C．who go on a diet	D．who are eager to lose weight

（2）How does the writer clarify his view at the very beginning？

A．By quotation	B．By comparison
C．By question．D．By statement．

（3）What can we learn from the passage ．
A．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight．
B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat．
C．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect．
D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear．
（4）What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？
A．How to do some easy experiments．
B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine．
C．How to prove the finding mentioned above．
D．How to make wine in a healthy way．

共享时间:2017-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213563. （2022•未央区•高二上期中） A new study discovers that sharks do sleep，and they often sleep with their eyes open.Since some sharks have to swim constantly to keep oxygen-rich water flowing over their gills （鱼鳃），people have long thought that they don't sleep at all.
   Researchers from Australia have now recorded a species of shark sleeping for the first time，finishing the long-standing debate about whether sharks sleep.To see if sharks were in fact asleep，the team analyzed the metabolism（新陈代谢）and pose of seven draughtsboard sharks （猫鲨）over 24 hours.When the sharks were resting for five minutes or longer，their oxygen consumption dropped，which suggested the animals were sleeping.And the researchers also noticed that the sharks changed their posture by lying flat and closer to the ground.
   The sharks sometimes slept with their eyeut as well，though，mostly during the day.At night，they tended to keep their eyes open more often，leading researchers to suspect that the sharks' eye closure might have more to do with light than the sleep state itself. "Not only are sleeping sharks less responsive to their surroundings，but they also have lower metabolic rate，" said Michael Kelly，an ecophysiologist at La Trobe University.
   "Sharks are an important group as they are the oldest living jawed vertebrates（颌类脊椎动物）—a character they share with us，"Michael Kelly said."Sharks have been swimming in the sea for over 400 million years and have evolved very little in that time.Understanding how and why these animals sleep will provide important understanding into the function of sleep and how the animal has evolved over time."
   The team points out that more research will be needed to see if other species sleep like the draughtsboard sharks.Next they plan to continue to analyze the sharks' brain activity while they sleep，to learn more about their waking and resting states.

（1）What is the previous misunderstanding about sharks？
A．They sleep with their eyes closed.
B．They breathe in flowing water.
C．They swim frequently at night.
D．They always stay awake.
（2）What do researchers find about draughtsboard sharks？
A．They need to rest every five minutes in the sea.
B．They consume much less oxygen during the day.
C．They have the same pose when awake and when asleep.
D．They might close their eyes not to sleep but to avoid light.
（3）What does paragraph 4 talk about？
A．The process of the research.
B．The findings ot the research.
C．The significance of the research.
D．The introduction of the researchers.
（4）What does the researchers think of their research in the last paragraph？
A．Insufficient.
B．Unrealistic.
C．Meaningless.
D．Inefficient.

共享时间:2022-11-17 难度:2 相似度:2

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205255. （2021•阎良区•高一下期末） Canadians have a global reputation（名声）for being polite.A survey ranked Canada first out of 50 countries.Most Canadians think that while being polite can be a superficial attitude when people are communicating with friend and strangers，being "kind" to others generally requires a much greater effort and truly knows who you are as a person.
   A national survey made by Environics Research Group for Coca-Cola Canada shows that on average each Canadian haown kindness to others through random （随意的）actions four times in the last four weeks.Examples of their kindness include things such as opening a door for a stranger，offering to carry heavy items or giving up your seat for someone else in a public bus.
   With millions of acts of kindness happening every day，most Canadians surveyed felt kind folks deserved more recognition for their actions.Coca-Cola Canada has decided to praise some very special individuals who make others happy with good acts in their own communities.The goal is to share their stories to help inspire others to give a little kindness too.
   "When it comes to kindness，seeing really is believing，" says Carolyn Harty，Senior Brand Manager of Coca-Cola. "More than half of Canadians are inspired to pay it forward themselves when they see others making a kind gesture.It is these small acts of kindness that make a large difference and inspire people and create happiness. "
   Sixteen-year-old Sheliza Kassam，from Canada，decided on her thirteenth birthday that instead of gifts，she and her family would help feed families in need.Her small action became larger and developed into a non-profit organization that Sheliza now runs to hold birthday parties for children living in shelters who otherwise would not be able to celebrate their special day.
   Another teen Nathan Unrau started out with a one-time school charity project that just couldn't help.With the support of his parents，Lunches with Love has become a non-profit organization that makes and gives away 450 paper bag lunches to the local homeless people every other Saturday.

（1）For what are Canadians famous all around the world？
A．Working hard.
B．Being grateful for others' help.
C．Behaving rudely in public.
D．Having good manners.
（2）What does the national survey mainly tell us？
A．Why Canadianow kindness.
B．What kindness means.
C．How kind Canadians are.
D．When Canadianow politeness.
（3）What's the purpose of Coca-Cola Canada's praising the special individuals？
A．To encourage all the people to spread kindness.
B．To celebrate the great events of kindness.
C．To show the ways of making others happy.
D．To remind people of the importance of kindness.
（4）What did Sheliza Kassam and Nathan Unrau have in common？
A．They were once supported by others.
B．They offer others some food.
C．They enjoyed staying with children.
D．They came from the same organizations.

共享时间:2021-07-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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213543. （2022•长安七中•高二上期中） Limiting kids' recreational（消遣） screen time to less than two hours a day，along with enough sleep and physical activity，is associated with improved cognition（认知），according to a study published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health．
   The study included about 4，500 US children aged 8 to 11 and measured their habits against the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth．It found that 51% of the children got the recommended（建议） nine to eleven hours of uninterrupted sleep per night，37% met the recreational screen time limit of two hours or less per day，while 18% met the physical activity recommendation of at least 60 minutes of accumulated physical activity a day．Only 5% of the children in the study met all three recommendations；30% met none at all．
   The researchers found that as each recommendation was met by a participant，there was a positive association with global cognition，which includes memory，attention，processing speed and language．Those who met all three had the most "superior" global cognition，followed by those meeting the sleep and screen time recommendation and finally the screen time recommendation alone，according to the study．
   Other organizations，such as the American Academy of Pediatrics have guidelines in place to help with the management of children's screen time．The organization suggests putting realistic rules or limits in place for how long your children are on their screens，knowing who they are talking to and what they are doing．The amount of recommended screen time depends on the age of the child．Besides，parentould also make sure to encourage physical activity and have bedroom rules such as creating "tech-free zones"．

（1）Who are the target readers of this passage？
A．Researchers．
B．Teachers．
C．Parents．
D．Children．
（2）What is the main idea of this passage？
A．A study on children's screen time is published．
B．US children fail to meet movement guidelines．
C．Organizations are concerned about children's cognition．
D．Limitation on children's screen time is linked to better cognition．
（3）According to the passage，which of the following might contributes least to cognition？
A．Screen time limit．
B．Sleep hours．
C．Physical activity time．
D．Sleep hours and screen time limit．
（4）Why does the American organization suggest creating "tech-free zones"？
A．To make sure children have enough physical playtime．
B．To make sure children have enough sleep time．
C．To make sure children have recreational time．
D．To protect children against radiation．

共享时间:2022-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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203572. （2025•临潼区•高一上期末）     Your ears are already dark，wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria （细菌）.It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria.
    Actually，a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent （频繁的） use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus，a common skin bacterium.And in 1992，a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda，Maryland in the US，found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour.
    As unpleasant as this sounds，there is no need to worry about it.The headphones in the second study were clean before use，so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms.
    Also，this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria.The study's authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins.The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play.Furthermore，there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm.A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.
    The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally，and your ear is able to deal with them.However，several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions （擦伤） that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.

（1）What does the underlined word "inviting" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Equal.
B.Attractive.
C.Deadly.
D.Confusing.
（2）Why does the author mention the 2002 study？
A.To support a view.
B.To show a lifestyle.
C.To raise a question.
D.To present a product.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Researchers haven't finished the studies.
B.Listening to music makes us less focused.
C.We can kill harmful bacteria completely.
D.Improper use of headphones harms health.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria
B.Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear
C.Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones
D.Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria

共享时间:2025-02-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213514. （2022•长安区一中•高二上期中） Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.These immune cells recognize the antigen，a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response.In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes.Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localized，allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work.Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle，these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels，which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes.Lymph nodes，important parts of our immune system，contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
   Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized.Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid muscle may result in local inflammation or soreness at the injection site.If certain vaccines are injected into fat issue，the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply，leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
   Yet another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle.
   Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid.Younger children receive their vaccines mid-thigh because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed.
   Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability.
   Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around？Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred.

（1）How many reasons are mentioned for the vaccines given in the muscle？
A．2.
B．3.
C．4.
D．5.
（2）Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site？
A．Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells.
B．Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses.
C．Muscles can easily recognize bacteria.
D．Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses.
（3）What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat issues？
A．Poor blood supply.
B．Local pain.
C．Rapid fat loss.
D．Better absorption.
（4）Where is the passage most likely taken from？
A．An advertisement.
B．A novel.
C．A speech.
D．A journal.

共享时间:2022-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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202748. （2020•西安中学•一模） Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades．A study led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute （HCI），at the University of Utah and Arizona State University may have found the answer．
   According to the results，elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53，a definite tumor suppressor，as compared to humans，who have only two．Further，elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous．In isolated elephant cells，this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells，and five times that of cells from patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome，who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults．The results suggest extra p53 could explain elephants' increased resistance to cancer．
   "Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer．It's up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people，" says co-senior author Joshua Schiffman，M．D．，pediatric oncologist （儿科肿瘤医生） at Huntsman Cancer Institute，University of Utah School of Medicine．
   But Prof Mel Greaves，from the Institute of Cancer Research in London，says we should focus on why humans have such high levels of cancer．He pointed to the rise of unhealthy，cancer-causing behaviors，such as obesity and sunbathing． "You've never seen an elephant smoke!" he added．
   According to Schiffman，elephants have long been considered a walking problem．Because they have 100 times as many cells as people，they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancerous state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years．And yet analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people．

（1）Why are elephants less likely to get cancer than humans？
A．Elephants are bigger than humans．
B．Elephants have more p53 genes and mechanism killing damaged cells．
C．Elephants are not as clever as humans in walking．
D．Elephants eat more than humans．
（2）Which of the following can be the equivalent of the underlined word "suppressor"？
A．multiplier
B．complex
C．restrainer
D．coordinator
（3）What's Prof Mel Greaves' attitude towards the discovery？
A．Doubtful．
B．Neutral．
C．Critical．
D．Favorable．
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Elephants have longer life than people．
B．There is no chance that elephants die from cancer．
C．The rate of elephants dying from cancer is increasing．
D．It was thought theoretically that elephants could get cancer more easily．

共享时间:2020-03-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2023-05-21

高中英语 | 高一下 | 阅读理解

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