[解析]
(1)推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists have wanted to use cyanobacteria to make electricity.But in previous research,they didn't survive long on artificial surfaces.(科学家们想用蓝藻来发电。但在之前的研究中,它们在人造表面上存活的时间并不长。)可知,以前的研究存在的问题是蓝藻在人造表面上存活的时间并不长,由此推断,蓝藻没有合适的栖息地。故选D。
(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中They decided to use 3 D printing to place them precisely onto a surface.Jackson's team chose mushrooms for that surface.After all,they realized,mushrooms naturally host communities of bacteria and other microbes.Finding test subjects for their tests was easy.Jackson simply went to the grocery store and picked up white button mushrooms.(他们决定使用3 d打印将它们精确地放置在一个表面上。杰克逊的团队在这个表面选择了蘑菇。毕竟,他们意识到,蘑菇自然是细菌和其他微生物群落的宿主。为他们的测试找到测试对象很容易。杰克逊只是去了杂货店,买了白纽扣蘑菇。)可知,最终选择蘑菇作为测试对象是因为蘑菇是细菌自然生长的地方。故选C。
(3)推理判断题。根据第五段 The researchers printed two "inks" onto their mushrooms.One was a green ink made of cyanobacteria.They used this to make a spiral pattern on the cap.They also,used a black ink made of graphene,which is great at conducting electricity.They printed this ink in a branching pattern across the mushroom top.Then it was time to shine.(研究人员在蘑菇上印了两种"墨水"。一种是由蓝藻细菌制成的绿色墨水。他们用这种材料在盖子上做了一个螺旋图案,还用了石墨烯制成的黑色墨水,石墨烯导电性能很好。他们把墨水印在蘑菇顶部的分支图案上。然后是发光的时候了。 )可知,本次试验中黑色墨水是石墨烯制成,导电性能很好;结合最后一段中When his team shone light on the mushrooms,the bacteria gave out electrons.Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.(当他的团队用光照射蘑菇时,细菌释放出电子。这些电子流入石墨烯并产生电流。 )可知,石墨烯能产生电流。由此推断,黑色墨水的主要作用是导电。故选B。
(4)标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了一种能发电的蘑菇以及科学家对此的研究和实验过程;结合最后一段"Cyanobacteria are the real heroes here," says Jackson.When his team shone light on the mushrooms,the bacteria gave out electrons.Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.("蓝藻是这里真正的英雄,"杰克逊说。当他的团队用光照射蘑菇时,细菌释放出电子。这些电子流入石墨烯并产生电流。)可知,D选项Bionic mushroom makes electricity(仿生蘑菇可以发电 )突出了文章的中心,体现了本文所介绍的科学研究。故选D。