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212894. （2024•周至四中•高一下期中）     Humans aren't the only animals that move to music.Parrots have been known to do it.And now rats have been observed bopping their heads in time with the tunes of Mozart，Lady Gaga，Michael Jackson and others，according to a new study from the University of Tokyo.What's more，the rats seems to respond to the same beats that get humans' feet tapping （轻跺）.
    The researchers played a sonata by Mozart for lab rats at different variations （变更） of the original speed：75%，100%，200% and 400%.Wireless sensors on the rats' bodies tracked their movements.Meanwhile，20 human participants were involved and listened to the same music through motion sensor-equipped headphones.
    It was observed that the rats' head movements were the most obvious when the music played at its normal speed，which was around 132 bpm （beats per minute）.The same was true for human participants.The researchers then changed to some pop songs such as Lady Gaga's "Born This Way" and Michael Jackson's "Beat It".As with Mozart's，rats moved their heads along the rhythm of pop songs，similar to how people do，at about 120 to 140 bpm.
    The study showed that both rats and humans moved their heads along to the beat in a similar rhythm.The level of head bopping from both humans and rats decreased as the music sped up.The study suggests that there is something similar about the way human and rat brains respond to rhythm，but rats do not match their motions to the beat like humans do.Humans can predict the timing of a beat and move predictably to it.
    Aniruddh Patel，a psychologist who studies brain response to music，says humans and parrots respond to beats with big，voluntary movements such as head shaking，dancing or foot tapping.Patel also stresses that this study does not show that rats have the same emotional associations with music as humans do.Yet he believes it could help reveal how humans and some other animals evolved a sense of rhythm.

（1）What does the underlined word "bopping" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Moving.
B.Responding to.
C.Nodding.
D.Reacting.
（2）How do rats differ from humans in response to music？
A.They seem more interested in pop music.
B.They make similar movements to different rhythms.
C .They prefer moving their heads with the beat.
D.They are unable to predict the beat of music.
（3）What is Patel's attitude towards the study？
A.Uncaring.
B.Doubtful.
C.Positive.
D.Disapproving.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A.Music affects rats' brains.
B.Humans are the only animals that move to music.
C.Music is attractive to rats.
D.Rats may respond to music like human do.

共享时间:2024-05-18 难度:2

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科普知识，说明文，

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（1）词句猜测题题。根据划线词后文their heads in time with the tunes of Mozart，Lady Gaga，Michael Jackson and others，according to a new study from the University of Tokyo.以及第三段As with Mozart's，rats moved their heads along the rhythm of pop songs，similar to how people do，at about 120 to 140 bpm.（与莫扎特的实验一样，老鼠也会随着流行歌曲的节奏移动头部，这与人类的动作相似，速度约为每分钟120到140次）可知，老鼠会随着流行音乐的节奏摇头，故划线词意思是"移动"。A.Moving移动；B.Responding to回应；C.Nodding点头；D.Reacting回应。A与其意思相近。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段The study suggests that there is something similar about the way human and rat brains respond to rhythm，but rats do not match their motions to the beat like humans do.Humans can predict the timing of a beat and move predictably to it.（这项研究表明，人类和老鼠的大脑对节奏的反应方式有相似之处，但老鼠并不像人类那样将它们的动作与节拍相匹配。人类可以预测节拍的时间，并可预测地跟随节拍移动。）可知，老鼠与人类对音乐反应的不同之处在于老鼠不能预测音乐的节奏。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Aniruddh Patel，a psychologist who studies brain response to music，says humans and parrots respond to beats with big，voluntary movements such as head shaking，dancing or foot tapping.Patel also stresses that this study does not show that rats have the same emotional associations with music as humans do.Yet he believes it could help reveal how humans and some other animals evolved a sense of rhythm.（研究大脑对音乐反应的心理学家Aniruddh Patel说，人类和鹦鹉对节拍的反应是大幅度的、自愿的运动，如摇头、跳舞或踢脚。Patel还强调，这项研究并没有表明老鼠与人类对音乐有同样的情感联系。然而，他认为这可能有助于揭示人类和其他一些动物是如何进化出节奏感的。）可推知，Patel对这项研究的态度是积极的。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Humans aren't the only animals that move to music.Parrots have been known to do it.And now rats have been observed bopping their heads in time with the tunes of Mozart，Lady Gaga，Michael Jackson and others，according to a new study from the University of Tokyo.What's more，the rats seems to respond to the same beats that get humans' feet tapping （轻跺）.（人类并不是唯一喜欢音乐的动物。众所周知，鹦鹉会这样做。根据东京大学的一项新研究，现在已经观察到老鼠随着莫扎特、Lady Gaga、迈克尔•杰克逊等音乐的节奏摇头。更重要的是，老鼠似乎对人类脚部敲击的相同节拍有反应。）可知，这篇文章主要是关于老鼠对音乐的反应可能和人类一样。故选D。

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204537. （2023•西安市蓝田县城关中学•高二下期末）     The discovery of the Komodo Dragons is one of the most important zoological （动物学的） surprises of the 20th century.Before 1912 it was completely unknown and it was believed that there were no more large lizards （蜥蜴） in the world.Then，in that year，a party of fishermen stopped at an almost completely-unknown small island in a group of islands.The fishermen brought back stories of a huge，prehistoric animal living there.The island's name was Komodo.The largest of these lizards was over ten feet from nose to tail.Komodo dragons have also been discovered on several neighboring islands.
    Are the dragons dangerous to humans？Yes.A Swiss tourist who sat down to have a rest while the other people of his tour group went ahead was attacked and eaten by a dragon.All that was left was a piece of his camera.A number of other people have been killed by dragon attacks over the years.The dragons can eat up to 80 percent of their own weight in a single meal.Their attack way is to wait behind trees，then rush forward and give a single large bite to the person or other animal.Most Komodo dragons prefer wild boar （野猪） or deer as their meals，but they will try to attack and get almost every other animal they can find，including other dragons.The largest dragons weigh around 150 kilos.Though the Komodo dragons can see well，they do most of their hunting based on smell.A dragon can recognize a certain smell from several miles when the wind is right.They will hunt when they have to，and these large lizards are more than happy to get an already dead animal when they come across one.

（1）How was the Komodo dragon discovered？
A．Scientists had been looking for it and found it.
B．It was found by chance by some fishermen.
C．Some fishermen looked for it on an island.
D．It was discovered by some tourists.
（2）Komodo dragons have been found         .
A．only on Komodo
B．on several islands near Komodo Island
C．on many islands in the world
D．on all the islands near Komodo Island
（3）These large lizards are dangerous to people，because         .
A．when people attack them，they will fight back
B．humans are their favourite food
C．they will attack and eat humans if they find them
D．they are much bigger than people
（4）A Komodo dragon will eat all the following EXCEPT         .
A．deer
B．humans
C．trees
D．komodo dragons

共享时间:2023-07-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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203805. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      What killed King Tut？Historians and scientists have long believed that ancient Egypt's most famous king was probably murdered.But a recent scientific study claims to have found a different answer to this more than 3，300-year-old mystery.A team of researchers now say that King Tut，the boy ruler，died of complications（并发症） from a broken leg.
   Tut's full name was Tutankhamun.He was just 9 years old when he became the ruler of Egypt.His treasure-filled tomb was discovered almost a century ago.It was filled with royal riches，including a solid-gold coffin，a gold mask，and piles of jewelry.
   Unfortunately Tut died at the age of 19.Many experts have thought that Tut was killed by one of his advisers，named Ay，who wanted to be king.But due to a major modern science project，the idea is wrong.
   Researchers set out to solve the mystery of King Tut's death by using the tools of science，including DNA tests and electronic scans of his mummy（木乃伊）.Scientist Carsten Pusch conducted the tests on Tut for the new study.He thinks a broken leg contributed to the young king's death.
   More than 100 walking sticks were found in King Tut's tomb.This supports the team's findings.But how could a person die from a simple broken leg？
   Pusch also found DNA evidence in Tut's body that indicates he had malaria（疟疾），a disease carried by mosquitoes.Malaria severely weakens the immune system.
   Pusch and his fellow researchers believe the malaria and the bone disease together caused the king's fracture（骨折） to become deadly.Finally，the young king was just too weak to recover.

（1）It has long been believed by historians and scientists that        .
A.King Tut was the youngest ruler in the world history
B.King Tut was the richest ruler in the history of Egypt
C.King Tut was murdered by one of his advisers
D.King Tut was poisoned by one of his servants
（2）From the passage we can learn that        .
A.the king had been dead for 3，300 years
B.the king was buried grandly
C.the king was born with a bad immune system
D.the king's body was well kept in the tomb
（3）Researchers uncovered the mystery of King Tut's death by        .
A.testing the king's immune system
B.studying the walking sticks found in the tomb
C.performing experiments on mosquitoes
D.applying DNA tests and electronic scan technology
（4）The passage mainly tells us about        .
A.a different answer to King Tut's death
B.a famous boy king in ancient Egypt
C.a treasure-filled tomb discovered in Egypt
D.a team of researchers studying ancient tombs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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213078. （2023•莲湖区•高二上期中）     In 2018，Russian scientists took a soil sample from deep in the permanently frozen ground in Siberia in Russia.They discovered two tiny round nematodes （线虫） frozen in the sample，which were so small that they could only be seen with a microscope.Testowed the soil had been frozen for about 46，000 years old.When the nematodes were placed in room temperature，they began to move.The nematodes are the oldest living animals ever brought back to life after being frozen.The discovery makes up for the research on how living things can survive in tough conditions.
   Nematodes can live for years if they're frozen.They can enter a special state called cryptobiosis （隐生现象），during which animals reduce their activities and consume very little energy.Before this，the longest nematode had been known to survive through cryptobiosis was about 25 years.Being revived after 46，000 years was a new record for any kind of animal.
   The nematodes were sent off to Germany to be studied further.The researchers found the two nematodes were a new species of nematode that had not yet been discovered.That's not too surprising，since there are so many species of nematodes.They also found the nematodes were able to survive being frozen better if they were dried out a little first.The drying helped them produce a special sugar called trehalose （海藻糖），which helped them survive being frozen.The scientists also studied a nematode species that is common these days.They found that it also uses the sugar to protect itself in cryptobiosis.
   Both of the nematodes were females.Before long，they began to have babies.Some kinds of nematodes，including these，have the ability for a single nematode to have babies all by itself.The two original frozen nematodes have now died.But their babies had babies who had babies，and so on.Most of the nematodes only live a month or two unless they get frozen.

（1）What do we know about the two nematodes in the first paragraph？
A．They were the oldest living animals.
B．They were still alive when warmed up.
C．They were found on the surface of the ground.
D．They were the tiniest creatures ever discovered.
（2）How does cryptobiosis affect nematodes？
A．It slows down the pace of their life.
B．It helps them speed up their drying.
C．It gets their body temperature down.
D．It stops them from consuming energy.
（3）Which of the following is unrelated to the nematodes' survival for years？
A．Cryptobiosis.
B．Trehalose.
C．Their sex.
D．Dry condition.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Female nematodes live longer than the male ones
B．Nematodes can produce young when they are frozen
C．Nematodes are ranked the fastest producing creatures
D．Short-lived nematodes survived for thousands of years

共享时间:2023-11-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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203804. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      Millions of years ago dinosaurs lived on the earth.In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet.There were green forests and they could find enough to eat.Later，parts of the earth became cold and dry，and the forests there died.Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat.This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.
   We can guess another reason.New kinds of animals came on the earth.Some had big brains and were fast and strong.They could kill dinosaurs.
   There may be other reasons that we don't know about yet.Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.
   Dinosaurs have many sizes and shapes（形状）.Some were as small as chickens，while some were about 90 feet long.
   There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs.They might have happened more than 100 million years ago.Though there was no man to see any of the fights，we can be told by the footprints（足迹）that fights did take place.

（1）According to the passage，dinosaurs did exist only        on the earth.
A.for millions of years
B.millions of years ago
C.more than 100 million years ago
D.when it was warm and wet somewhere
（2）One reason why dinosaurs died out is that        .
A.there were too many dinosaurs
B.parts of the earth became warm and wet
C.there were many green forests
D.they couldn't find enough to eat
（3）We can see from this passage        .
A.scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs
B.dinosaurs are dangerous enough
C.dinosaurs are worth studying further
D.scientists know nothing about dinosaurs
（4）Those terrible fights can be explained by        .
A.footprints
B.imagination
C.rocks and forests
D.dinosaurs' eggs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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213049. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期中）     The farms of the future may look very different from that of today.That's because farms do not have to be outside anymore.They also won't have to be above ground.In London，100 feet below the streets there was a huge empty space.Richard Ballard and Steven Dring，founders of the company Growing Underground，thought it would be an ideal spot to build a hydroponic （水栽的） farm.After all，these types of farms are doing well in other indoor spaces.
    Founded in 2015，Growing Underground's farm grows microgreens and salad leaves using hydroponic technology that grows plants in water but not soil.In fact，the company said that its hydroponic technology allows for the perfect pest-free growing environment.
    These methods use about 70 percent water less than traditional field agriculture and all the nutrients are kept within a closed circle system.They can grow the greens all year round because they are not affected by weather or growing seasons.
    But it is the LED lighting system that is the key to growing food underground.Ballard said， "Already，LEDs allow the growers to change the flavor of the greens，as their sugars and starches develop differently under different light spectrums （光谱）."
    Right now，the company only sells greens with a lot of leaves because they are the only crops that grow fast enough to be economically feasible but Ballard believes that will change. "As technologies improve，you'll see soft fruits，cucumbers，peppers，" he said.
    The company's goal is to keep food local.They say that all of the greens can be in your kitchen within four hours of being picked.They currently sell to local restaurants in London，but they hope to be entering the local groceries soon.

（1）What makes the underground farm possible？
A．The rich soil.
B．The great demand for fruits.
C．The hydroponic technology.
D．The good weather condition.
（2）What is the function of the LED lighting system？
A．To get rid of pests.
B．To increase the temperature of underground farm.
C．To allow greens to grow rapidly.
D．To provide various light spectrums.
（3）What does the underlined word "feasible" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Difficult.
B．Challenged.
C．Impossible.
D．Achievable.
（4）What does the company expect of the underground farm？
A．It'll benefit more customers.
B．It'll be environment-friendly.
C．It'll keep food fresher for longer.
D．It'll use the latest technology.

共享时间:2023-11-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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213031. （2023•长安区一中•高二上期中）     The sales pitches tempt：Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short-wavelength light emitting from our smartphones，computer screens and LED lights.Given how much time we spend on our devices，this sounds like a smart investment，right？After all，eye strain is a real issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases.The glasses can cost ＄15 all the way up to several hundred dollars.But do they work？
    Elizabeth Esparaz，an ophthalmologist （眼科专家） based in Cleveland，Ohio，says the science that manufacturerare as they promote these glasses can be confusing.For starters，blue light is not just about tech devices，and it's not always bad. "The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices，of course，and it's actually beneficial，" says Dr.Esparaz.It helps our mood，alertness and sleep-wake cycle.
    The problem is blue light at night：It contains the release of melatonin. "Melatonin helps regulate our circadian rhythms （生理节奏） and makes us sleepy，" says Dr.Esparaz.
    So，in theory，wearing blue-light-blocking glasseould help people who watch movies in bed or read from a tablet at night avoid sleeplessness.A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma that looked at 24 previous studies found that people affected by sleep disorders，jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using these glasses.
    As for eye strain，a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses.And a 2018 review study，also by Australian researchers，found insufficient evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases.
    "These glasses aren't going to be harmful，" says Dr.Esparaz，But，she adds，a lack of standardization in the industry means there's no way to know if one pair is better than another.A more reliable solution：Turn on the blue-light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed.To help with eye strain，Dr.Esparaz suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops.

（1）What is Dr.Esparaz's attitude toward business publicity？
A．Unclear.
B．Dismissive.
C．Approving.
D．Doubtful.
（2）What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs？
A．It can be beneficial.
B．It may facilitate sleep.
C．It actually causes health issues.
D．It merely comes from digital devices.
（3）Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses        .
A．helps prevent eye disease
B．are not harmful to eyesight
C．contributes to no less eye strain
D．benefits those with sleep disorders
（4）What might be the best title of this passage？
A．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：Your Best Choice
B．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：Good or Bad
C．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：A Good Business
D．Blue-light-blocking Glasses：Smart and Cool

共享时间:2023-11-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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205255. （2021•阎良区•高一下期末） Canadians have a global reputation（名声）for being polite.A survey ranked Canada first out of 50 countries.Most Canadians think that while being polite can be a superficial attitude when people are communicating with friend and strangers，being "kind" to others generally requires a much greater effort and truly knows who you are as a person.
   A national survey made by Environics Research Group for Coca-Cola Canada shows that on average each Canadian haown kindness to others through random （随意的）actions four times in the last four weeks.Examples of their kindness include things such as opening a door for a stranger，offering to carry heavy items or giving up your seat for someone else in a public bus.
   With millions of acts of kindness happening every day，most Canadians surveyed felt kind folks deserved more recognition for their actions.Coca-Cola Canada has decided to praise some very special individuals who make others happy with good acts in their own communities.The goal is to share their stories to help inspire others to give a little kindness too.
   "When it comes to kindness，seeing really is believing，" says Carolyn Harty，Senior Brand Manager of Coca-Cola. "More than half of Canadians are inspired to pay it forward themselves when they see others making a kind gesture.It is these small acts of kindness that make a large difference and inspire people and create happiness. "
   Sixteen-year-old Sheliza Kassam，from Canada，decided on her thirteenth birthday that instead of gifts，she and her family would help feed families in need.Her small action became larger and developed into a non-profit organization that Sheliza now runs to hold birthday parties for children living in shelters who otherwise would not be able to celebrate their special day.
   Another teen Nathan Unrau started out with a one-time school charity project that just couldn't help.With the support of his parents，Lunches with Love has become a non-profit organization that makes and gives away 450 paper bag lunches to the local homeless people every other Saturday.

（1）For what are Canadians famous all around the world？
A．Working hard.
B．Being grateful for others' help.
C．Behaving rudely in public.
D．Having good manners.
（2）What does the national survey mainly tell us？
A．Why Canadianow kindness.
B．What kindness means.
C．How kind Canadians are.
D．When Canadianow politeness.
（3）What's the purpose of Coca-Cola Canada's praising the special individuals？
A．To encourage all the people to spread kindness.
B．To celebrate the great events of kindness.
C．To show the ways of making others happy.
D．To remind people of the importance of kindness.
（4）What did Sheliza Kassam and Nathan Unrau have in common？
A．They were once supported by others.
B．They offer others some food.
C．They enjoyed staying with children.
D．They came from the same organizations.

共享时间:2021-07-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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203777. （2024•铁一中学•高一上期末）     Despite the fact that parrots are well known for their long lives and complex cognition （认知），it remains unknown whether the two traits（特征） have influenced each other.
    "The problem has been sourcing good quality data，" said Simeon Smeele，a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior （MPI-AB） and lead author of a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B that tried to solve this question.
    Scientists from the MPI-AB and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology （MPI-EvA） teamed up with Species360 to compile data from over 130，000 individual parrots sourced from over 1，000 zoos to find the average life span of 217 parrot species.
    The analysis revealed an astonishing diversity in life expectancy，ranging from an average of two years for the fig parrot up to an average of 30 years for the scarlet macaw.
    Next，the team tried to determine whether or not parrots' renowned cognitive abilities had any influence on their longevity.Their results support the theory that increased brain size has enabled longer lifespans.Because brain size relative to body size can be an indicator of intelligence，the findings suggested that the parrots with larger brains were able to survive for longer in the wild.
    The scientists were surprised that factors such as diet，or the greater developmental time required to develop larger brains，did not lead to longer average lifespans. "We would have expected the developmental path to play a more important role because in primates it is this developmental cost that explains the link between brain size and longevity，" said Smeele.
    In the future，the team plan to explore if sociality and cultural learning in parrots might have also contributed to long lifespans.Smeele said： "Large-brained birds might spend more time socially learning foraging（觅食） techniques that have been around for multiple generations.This increased learning period could potentially also explain the longer life spans，as it takes more time but also makes the foraging repertoire（全部技能） more adaptive."

（1）What did the study aim to find out about parrots？
A The diversity in their life expectancies.
B．The factors that influence their intelligence.
C．The traits that help them survive in the wild.
D．The link between their cognition and life spans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study？
A．By surveying over 1，000 zoos.
B．By examining parrots' brains.
C．By analyzing the collected data.
D．By observing parrots' behavior.
（3）Which is a possible cause of parrots' longevity？
A．Their diet.
B．Their body size.
C．Their larger brains.
D．Their brains development time.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential applications of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．Further research based on current findings.

共享时间:2024-02-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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203572. （2025•临潼区•高一上期末）     Your ears are already dark，wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria （细菌）.It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria.
    Actually，a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent （频繁的） use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus，a common skin bacterium.And in 1992，a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda，Maryland in the US，found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour.
    As unpleasant as this sounds，there is no need to worry about it.The headphones in the second study were clean before use，so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms.
    Also，this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria.The study's authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins.The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play.Furthermore，there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm.A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.
    The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally，and your ear is able to deal with them.However，several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions （擦伤） that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.

（1）What does the underlined word "inviting" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Equal.
B.Attractive.
C.Deadly.
D.Confusing.
（2）Why does the author mention the 2002 study？
A.To support a view.
B.To show a lifestyle.
C.To raise a question.
D.To present a product.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Researchers haven't finished the studies.
B.Listening to music makes us less focused.
C.We can kill harmful bacteria completely.
D.Improper use of headphones harms health.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria
B.Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear
C.Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones
D.Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria

共享时间:2025-02-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203543. （2025•铁一中学•高二上期末）      Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala.Over a period of 12 days，I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade.But looking back on that trip，what I remember most vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City，at a lifeless hotel.Rather than a countdown to midnight，I counted down the hours until my departure.
    Nothing special happened during that night.Rather，the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect."The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest，"said Dr.Mary Poffenroth，a biopsychologist.
    She says it arises from our short-term memory's inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once.So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories，employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
    Dr.Stephanie，a Neuroscientist，says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip's end，you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
    Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire."Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays，lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience，resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful，"Stephanie said.
    To avoid disproportionately（不成比例地） spotlighting the final days，Poffenroth has created a trip.She amplifies（增强） earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded."I collect little bits that will remind me of that day：a subway ticket，a seashell，a cardboard drink with a pub's logo on it."Then，ae is packing on the last day， "I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one，"she said."This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable."

（1）How did the author feel about the New Year's Eve in Guatemala City？
A.It was boring.
B.It was eventful.
C.It was relaxing.
D.It was cheerful.
（2）What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2？
A.It is based on a psychological principle.
B.It is widely used to create lovely memories.
C.It highlights the final part of a series of events.
D.It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
（3）What does the underlined word"backfire"mean in paragraph 4？
A.Be avoided to some extent.
B.Be applied extensively.
C.Produce undesirable consequences.
D.Pose unexpected challenges.
（4）According to Poffenroth，which of the following may help travelers have good memories？
A.Share travel experiences.
B.Recall the final days of a journey.
C.Purchase as many souvenirs as possible.
D.Purposely gather reminders of a journey.

共享时间:2025-03-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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203074. （2017•铁一中学•三模） It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet．Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight；those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，"Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain．"The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．
Boston University's Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms（生物学机制） relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes（糖尿病），which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese．What's more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells．

（1）The passage is mainly for those

A．who produce wine	B．who have a drinking habit
C．who go on a diet	D．who are eager to lose weight

（2）How does the writer clarify his view at the very beginning？

A．By quotation	B．By comparison
C．By question．D．By statement．

（3）What can we learn from the passage ．
A．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight．
B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat．
C．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect．
D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear．
（4）What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？
A．How to do some easy experiments．
B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine．
C．How to prove the finding mentioned above．
D．How to make wine in a healthy way．

共享时间:2017-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203957. （2024•鄠邑二中•高二下期末）     A recent study in the journal Current Biology found that people danced 12% more when very low frequency bass （低音） was played.Scientists wanted to see what factors of music make us want to dance. "We look at things like what kinds of rhythms make us really drawn in and want to move more，" said Daniel Cameron，a neuroscientist and the lead author of the study.
    Volunteers were led into a lab that was changed into an electronic dance music concert，with live music performed for them，who were equipped with headband s that had a motion capture sensor.The lab had special speakers that could play a very low frequency bass，undetectable to the human ear.The set lasted about an hour.Researchers introduced the very low bass every 2.5 minutes and found that the concertgoers moved more when the speakers were on —even though they couldn't hear it.
    Cameron thinks that our vestibular （前庭的） system can help explain the reason. "It's the inner-ear structures that give us a sense of where our head is in space，" he says. "That system is sensitive to low-frequency stimulation，especially if it's loud."
    Some people hear music and can't help but move，whether there are low，silent bass frequencies or not.So why do humans dance？ "It's hard to test this，but there has been some work on why we may have evolved this way.We know that moving together in synchrony （同步） when we're making music together and dancing together leads to social bonding.We feel better about the people we're with.We feel more connected with them，" Cameron says. "So you can imagine this has potential advantages for groups throughout the long history of our species."
    Evolution aside，Cameron finds value in knowing his study has uncovered just one of the ingredients for what makes us want to dance a little bit more.

（1）What does Cameron's research focus on？
A.The popularity of dancing among people.
B.The evolutionary reasons why humans dance.
C.The musical elements that encourage dancing.
D.The little effect of low frequency bass on dancers.
（2）What can we learn about the research setup described in paragraph 2？
A.Low frequency bass was played regularly.
B.Participants tracked their own movements.
C.The dance music was performed in a live concert.
D.The human speakers performed for an entire hour.
（3）Why might humans have evolved to dance according to Cameron？
A.To inspire imagination.
B.To promote communication.
C.To create work opportunities.
D.To stimulate the body's potential.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.The Science of Dance
B.The Benefit Behind Dancing
C.The Role of Rhythms in Music
D.The Evolution of the Musical System

共享时间:2024-07-20 难度:2 相似度:2

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202892. （2018•西安中学•二模） A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower．Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind：How can willpower be strengthened？If willpower is truly a limited resource，as the research suggests，what can be done to make it stay strong？
   Avoiding temptation（诱惑） is an effective method for maintaining self-control，which is called the "out of sight，out of mind" principle．One recent study，for instance，found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks，in plain sight．
   The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir（储备） of self-control raises a troubling question．When we face too many temptations，are we to fail？Not necessarily．Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted．Rather，people appear to hold some willpower in reserve，saved for future demands．The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down．High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point．
   Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱） to being exhausted in the first place．Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use．But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison，they say．While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term，they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term．Similarly，regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength．
   The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach．Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas，so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time．In other words，don't try to quit smoking，adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time．Taking goals one by one is a better approach．Once a good habit is in place，Baumeister says，you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior．Eventually healthy habits will become routine，and won't require making decisions at all．
   Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research．Yet it seems likely that with clear goals，good self-monitoring and a little practice，you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation．

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that        ．
A．people have unlimited self-control
B．high motivation ensures one's success
C．willpower is hardly completely exhausted
D．too many temptations often lead to failure
（2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means        ．
A．make use of
B．run out of
C．build
D．increase
（3）The author compares self-control to muscles        ．
A．to prove the long-term effects of willpower
B．to show the significance of regular exercise
C．to argue that self-control can be easily used up
D．to explain the benefits of practicing self-control
（4）To develop a good habit，which of the following does the author prefer？
A． "I will give up dessert and do exercise．"
B． "I will set three goals this new semester．"
C． "I will keep myself from any temptation．"
D． "I will read an English novel every month．"

共享时间:2018-03-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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202302. （2022•西工大附中•六模） This is the greatest mystery of our adult life：How can we spend all day typing at a computer and go home feeling exhausted？How could merely activating the small muscles of our fingers leave us worn out at the end of the day？What causes mental fatigue （疲劳）？
   "It is kind of a mystery，to be honest." said Michael Inzlicht，a University of Toronto
psychologist who studies self-control，motivation，and fatigue.But scientists do have some clues.There is a hypothesis （假说） for why we get so tired from work when we're not physically active.We get so tired because our motivation runs out.As we work on a task，we struggle to focus on it or eventually lose interest in it.We become less motivated to do the task.We become drawn to the things we want to do （browsing social media or reading music blogs，for instance） rather than the things we have to do.And this tension possibly causes fatigue.
   Researchers in the UK published new evidence that finds some indirect evidence for the motivational model.This study tracked 100 nurses in the UK over two 12-hour shifts.
   Throughout the shifts，the nurses reported how fatigued they felt at regular intervals.They also wore devices that monitored and tracked the amount of physical activity they were engaged in.When the researchers investigated what could possibly explain the fatigue，they found some interesting patterns.Here's the result：There was no connection between the amount of physical work the nurses did and their feelings of fatigue.Instead，they found this small connection：The nurses who were least likely to feel fatigued from their work also felt the most in control of their work，and the most rewarded for it.These feelings may have boosted their motivation，which may have boosted their perception （感知） of having energy.
   Inzlicht has also found evidence for the motivational model in his work.A few years ago，he
and Carleton University psychologist Marina Milyavskaya monitored 159 students at McGill University in Canada for a week. "What was surprising to us was the biggest predictor of fatigue，not whether they had self-control." Inzlicht said." Instead，the predictor was the number of temptations they felt." "If you're typing at work，and if you're anything like me，you got a few browsers open.These lead to temptations，" he said." Temptations make us less motivated to do our work，which，in turn，may make us tired."
   And there may be an evolutionary reason for why our brains would do this." As an organism，we need to meet multiple goals to survive."Inzlicht explains.We're not merely focused on finding food or pursuing our passions in life.We need to do all these things to be a healthy，thriving species." Because these multiple goals compete with one another （for our time），we need a mechanism in place that signals. "Hey，stop doing that thing and do something else." That mechanism，he suggests，could be fatigue.
   In this light，boosting our motivation to stay on a task could lead us to feel less fatigued.One study found that just paying people some money when they're exhausted can keep them on task.A similar thing is found in studies on physical endurance：People can be easily pushed to work beyond what they think is their physical limit.

（1）Why does the author ask so many questions in the first paragraph？
A．To introduce a common phenomenon.
B．To raise some questions that are appealing.
C．To lead to the theme and attract attention.
D．To show the author's concern of the problem.
（2）Which one is the hypothesis for why we are often feel exhausted after one-day work？
A．We are drawn to others things we have to do.
B．Lacking drive to finish a task leads to tiredness.
C．Smaller amount of physical activity makes us more tiered.
D．Better self-control can boost one's motivation to work.
（3）Which of the following may Inzlicht agree with？
A．The person with strong self-control can get more reward from work.
B．The one who are less motivated will be exposed to more temptation.
C．While typing，we use little part of our muscle，which is more tiring.
D．Typing with some browsers open will sometimes makes us more tired.
（4）Which one can be used to improve an employee's motivation？
A．Improving his salary.
B．Finding his passion.
C．Boosting his motivation.
D．Pushing his physical limits.

共享时间:2022-05-23 难度:2 相似度:2

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202748. （2020•西安中学•一模） Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades．A study led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute （HCI），at the University of Utah and Arizona State University may have found the answer．
   According to the results，elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53，a definite tumor suppressor，as compared to humans，who have only two．Further，elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous．In isolated elephant cells，this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells，and five times that of cells from patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome，who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults．The results suggest extra p53 could explain elephants' increased resistance to cancer．
   "Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer．It's up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people，" says co-senior author Joshua Schiffman，M．D．，pediatric oncologist （儿科肿瘤医生） at Huntsman Cancer Institute，University of Utah School of Medicine．
   But Prof Mel Greaves，from the Institute of Cancer Research in London，says we should focus on why humans have such high levels of cancer．He pointed to the rise of unhealthy，cancer-causing behaviors，such as obesity and sunbathing． "You've never seen an elephant smoke!" he added．
   According to Schiffman，elephants have long been considered a walking problem．Because they have 100 times as many cells as people，they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancerous state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years．And yet analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people．

（1）Why are elephants less likely to get cancer than humans？
A．Elephants are bigger than humans．
B．Elephants have more p53 genes and mechanism killing damaged cells．
C．Elephants are not as clever as humans in walking．
D．Elephants eat more than humans．
（2）Which of the following can be the equivalent of the underlined word "suppressor"？
A．multiplier
B．complex
C．restrainer
D．coordinator
（3）What's Prof Mel Greaves' attitude towards the discovery？
A．Doubtful．
B．Neutral．
C．Critical．
D．Favorable．
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Elephants have longer life than people．
B．There is no chance that elephants die from cancer．
C．The rate of elephants dying from cancer is increasing．
D．It was thought theoretically that elephants could get cancer more easily．

共享时间:2020-03-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2024-05-18

高中英语 | 高一下 | 阅读理解

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