金星

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214109. （2021•长安区一中•高二上期中） If Mars were the popular kid in school，Venus（金星）would be the unwelcome one sitting in the corner，largely ignored.Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth，but being closer to the sun，it gets nearly twice as much heat from the sun.
   However，instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth's，Venus's surface and atmosphere are unbearable：clouds of sulphuric acid（硫酸）blanket the planet，while at ground level，it is hot enough to melt lead.Despite this，there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.
   Jane Greaves at Cardiff University，UK，and her colleagues recently detected phosphine（磷化氢）in Venus's atmosphere，with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology.That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes（微生物）.Though this doesn't mean it was produced by life on Venus，attempts to find non-biological explanations for its presence have so far failed.
    Our best way of confirming or rejecting the possibility of life on Venus is to go and have a proper look.While Mars has been the focus of interplanetary exploration efforts lately，the phosphine discovery lets people look at Venus in a new light.As NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted： "It's time to prioritize Venus."
   In the months and years to come，computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus.More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced.However，there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus.A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus.By doing so，we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.
   The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment.The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world.Possibly，the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh.

（1）Which description about Venus is not true？
A．It has a warmer Earth-like climate.
B．It has nearly the same mass as Earth.
C．It is almost as large as Earth.
D．It has the unbearable surface and atmosphere.
（2）What can the discovery of phosphine on Venus indicate？
A．This kind of gas is very common.
B．There might exist signs of life.
C．Many products can be made with it.
D．Experiments were once conducted there.
（3）What is paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．The necessity to analyse phosphine.
B．The importance of observations.
C．The power of computer simulations.
D．The approaches to exploring phosphine.
（4）Which can best describe the author's attitude to the exploration of Venus？
A．Doubtful.
B．Supportive.
C．Cautious.
D．Casual.

共享时间:2021-11-14 难度:2

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[考点]

国家地理，说明文，

[答案]

DBDB

[解析]

（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth，but being closer to the sun，it gets nearly twice asmuch heat from the sun.金星的质量和大小几乎与地球相同，但由于离太阳更近，它从太阳获得的热量几乎是地球的两倍。可知，在理论上金星是与地球质量相同的更温暖的星球，故选D。
（2）B.推理判断题。根据第三段Jane Greaves at Cardiff University，UK，and her colleagues recently detected phosphine（磷化氢）in Venus's atmosphere，with one potential explanation that it is the by﹣product of biology.That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes（微生物）.英国卡迪夫大学的Jane Greaves和她的同事们最近在金星的大气中发现了磷化氢，一种可能的解释是，它是生物学的副产品。这是因为在地球上制造这种气体的唯一方法是在实验室里或通过实验室微生物。可知，通过在金星上发现了磷化氢，说明了那里可能存在生命的迹象，故选B。
（3）D.段落大意题。根据第五段In the months and years to come，computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus.在未来的几个月或几年里，计算机模拟将被用于进一步研究金星大气的化学成分；最后一句By doing so，we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.通过这样做，我们可以直接测量磷化氢。可知，该主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法，故选D。
（4）B.观点态度题。根据最后一段The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment.The scientific effortsmay be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world.在金星大气层中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就。科学的努力也许正是我们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所需要的。可知，作者认为在金星大气层中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就，因此作者对探索金星的态度是支持的，A.Doubtful怀疑的；B.Supportive支持的；C.Cautious谨慎的；D.Casual随意的。故选B。

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本题考查了"国家地理，说明文，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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202558. （2021•长安区•一模） Today we know Antarctica as an extreme environment containing ice and snow.But new research provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.
   The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica.In the sediment，they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old.This would have been in the Cretaceous Period，when dinosaurs were the main land animals.The sediment was removed by scientists on the research icebreaker RV Polarstern in the Amundsen Sea near Pine Island Glacier.
   Johann Klages is a geologist with the Alfred Wegener Institute，Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research in Germany.He was the lead writer of a study on the findings，published in the journal Nature.He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor.Klages said an examination showed that the material didn't form in the ocean.
   The researchers estimate that the area-about 900 kilometers from the South Pole-had average yearly temperatures of about 12 to 13 degrees Celsius.During the warmest summer months，average temperatures likely reached between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius.The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay，as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants，the study found.Klages added that the plants included trees，ferns and flowering plants.While no animal remains were found，Klages said there were likely dinosaurs，flying reptiles and many insects in the environment.
   The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth has experienced in the past - and is currently undergoing today.The soil in the sediment dates back to the planet's warmest period of the past 140 million years，with sea level about 170 meters higher than today.The researchers said that the rainforest environment in Antarctica was especially surprising because each year，the area experiences a four-month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life.Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time，but seasonal snowfall was likely.

（1）How did the researchers reach their findings？
A．By exploring ice in Antarctica.
B．By analyzing the Earth sediment.
C．By collecting data on climate.
D．By researching special plants.
（2）What did the researchers say about the sediment？
A．Its material developed in the ocean.
B．It dates back to cold times in Antarctica.
C．Its material formed on the land.
D．It contained different animal remains.
（3）What does the author indicate in the last paragraph？
A．Antarctica's natural environment has changed greatly.
B．Polar nights in Antarctica are getting shorter than before.
C．There were ice sheets 140 million years ago.
D．Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A．Researchers study the secrets of Antarctica.
B．Antarctica had a different history of climate.
C．There's various wildlife in Antarctica.
D．Antarctica has an extreme environment containing ice and snow.

共享时间:2021-03-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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202283. （2022•西工大附中•七模） In the town of Arras in northern France，the country's first-ever appointed official with Down syndromes is leading from the front，changing hearts and minds and bringing a new way of thinking about mental disability.
   In 2020，Eleonore Laloux was appointed municipal councilor（市议员）of Arras under the mayor Frederic Leturque，for which she has received continual praise for her colorful nature，her desire to make people smile，and for promoting the inclusivity（包容）of disabled persons in society.
   "Inclusion isn't something that we just think about；it's not a generous act.It's our duty，" Mayor Leturque told the Christian Science Monitor， "Eleonore has helped the entire town progress in terms of how we see disability."
   Along with holding down a part-time job at a hospital，a packed volunteer schedule，and a board position on Down Up，a non-profit organization her father launched to support community members with Down syndromes and their families，Laloux has made numerous adjustments to everyday community features in Arras to support disabled people；not only those with Down syndromes，but other forms as well.
   Arras' famous town center，town hall，and belfry（钟楼）are a UNESCO Heritage Site，and for those who can't go to the top，Laloux organized the creation of a virtual tour.Down below，crosswalk lights now sound off verbal instructions for those who can't see.She has also scheduled an "incluthon" for next summer，an event to inspire disabled people and the community at large through sports and culture.
   Perhaps unsurprisingly，this positive attitude has made her a very popular figure in her town and country，and she has made numerous television and other public appearances，including alongside many national politicians.But her appointment is by no means a gimmick to gain support from townspeople；she's made some brilliant changes in civil life.

（1）What can we learn from the mayor's words in Paragraph 3？
A．It's Eleonore's duty to help the disabled.
B．Accepting the disabled is a generous act.
C．Eleonore has changed people's views on the disabled.
D．The disabled deserve praise from all the townspeople.
（2）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．How Eleonore carries out her part-time job.
B．How Eleonore helped improve lives of the disabled.
C．What Eleonore did to run the non-profit organization.
D．What good proposals Eleonore made during her term.
（3）What does the underlined word "gimmick" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Trick
B．Promise
C．Challenges
D．Conclusion
（4）Which of the following words best describe Eleonore？
A．Committed and pioneering.
B．Ambitious and patient.
C．Creative and independent.
D．Honest and humorous.

共享时间:2022-06-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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204594. （2023•高新一中•高二下期末） When you think of a map，is north on the top or the bottom？Usually，maps are designed with north on top，though when we think about it，there s no logical reason for this bias.After all，there is no up or down in space.So what's wrong with south，east or west being on the top of the map？The answer is：nothing at all.In fact，north-up maps only became the norm in the last few hundred years.
   Ancient Egyptian maps had south at the top because the Nile River flows downhill from mountains in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north.Mecca was to the south of most early Muslim civilizations，and south-up maps were designed so that viewers would look up to see Mecca.Medieval Christian maps had east at the top，as they believed the Garden of Eden was in the east.The only early maps that had north at the top were those of early China because the emperor lived in the north.
   North seems to have settled at the top of maps during the 16th century，largely thanks to a Flemish mapmaker，Mercator.Mercator was a great admirer of an early Greek mapmaker，who，for reasons now unknown，put north at the top of maps，so Mercator did，too.When Mercator's world map became the standard map to navigate the oceans，north up became standard as well.
   What is the implication of this north-view of the world？Psychologically，people tend to think of up as good and down as bad.Just think of words and phrases like "upmarket"，"upbeat" and "moving up in the world"，and how they contrast with their opposites.Because north is so consistently put at the top of maps，people now think of north as good，too.
   Several attempts have been made in recent years by introducing south-up maps to the market.These maps not only give us a chance to see the world differently，but also give everyone the chance to see themselves on top.

（1）What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A．North-up maps were rare in ancient times.
B．Deciding up or down in space is ridiculous.
C．Mecca maps were based on a legend.
D．The south-up map first appeared in ancient Egypt.
（2）Why is north associated with good？
A．An illogical reason.
B．The spread of Mercator's maps.
C．People's preference for up.
D．An age-old tradition in Greece.
（3）What is the authors attitude to south-up maps？
A．Cautious.
B．Supportive.
C．Uncaring.
D．Disapproving.
（4）What's the main purpose of the text？
A．To explain a phenomenon.
B．To compare various facts.
C．To correct a cultural bias.
D．To argue for a viewpoint.

共享时间:2023-07-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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202521. （2021•西安中学•二模） Plants：we eat them，juice them - and now it seems we can mine them too!
   After a successful experiment on the island of Borneo，the botany professor Alan Baker and a group of researchers want to introduce phytomining （harvesting minerals from plants） as a better，partial substitute for traditional mining.
   Phytomining，also known as agromining，means collecting metals from live plants.However，this can only be done with a group of plants known as "hyperaccumulators".There are around 700 identified types worldwide，and what makes these hyperaccumulators special is that they naturally attract and absorb minerals through their roots - metals poisonous to other plants - and then store huge，pure concentrations of these minerals in their bodies.The metals can then be extracted from the plants' sap（汁；液），oil，or sometimes even live tissue.
   Baker and his colleagues see a lot of potential in phytomining.Not only can it help meet the growing global demand for metals，but is a way of undoing some of that damage to the environment by traditional mining.
   One of the biggest problems with traditional mining is that it pollutes the surrounding area.Phytomining can extract metal waste，plus planting the hyperaccumulators would regrow the deforested areas caused by mining operations.Aside from this，if phytomining is able to replace part of traditional mining，then there would be fewer instances of bad mining practices like abandoned mines，which pollute the nearby waters.Also，since phytomining provides metals that are already naturally pure，there is no need to use huge amounts of energy to purify the ore（矿石）.
   Phytomining has its drawbacks.Harvesting plants on a large scale is expensive today，compared to traditional mining.Besides，plants can be wiped out by diseases or unexpected weather conditions.
   However，there are many reasons to consider phytomining.After all，we need to make sure that our planet can keep up and sustainable practices like phytomining give us the hope that our advancement doesn't mean sacrificing Mother Earth.

（1）What makes hyperaccumulators different from other plants？
A．The sap poisonous to other plants.
B．The ability to take in and store minerals.
C．The oil extracted from live plant tissue.
D．The concentrations of mineral in their bodies.
（2）What is the advantage of phytomining？
A．It can stop deforestation.
B．It may reduce the deserted mines.
C．It uses clean energy to purify the ore.
D．It can't be destroyed by diseases.
（3）What is the author's attitude toward phytomining？
A．Pessimistic.
B．Indifferent.
C．Optimistic.
D．Skeptical.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．Metals From Plants
B．The Future of Phytomining
C．What Are Hyperaccumulators？
D．Benefits of Phytomining

共享时间:2021-03-16 难度:2 相似度:2

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201671. （2024•师大附中•八模） The most welcome sight on cold，wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a London taxi cab approaching with its yellow "for hire" sign shining brightly.That shows it is ready to pick you up.Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place to another.It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.
   The main reason for this is the drivers，who are called "cabbies".Many of them are true Cockneys.This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect（方言）of English.All of them know every street and famous building in the city，and all of them love to talk.A simple twenty-minute Journey across town can become very interesting.You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver's Aunty Nellie!One thing is for sure，it will never be boring.Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars，the Royal Family，government leaders，and popular singers or actors and actresses.They also know the best places to eat，shop and relax.And they can take you straight to any large hotel，department store，theatre or museum.They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map，because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi.The exam is called "The Knowledge." It is a written test，and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another.They must take into account the time of day-in-rush hour，longer route（路线）may be quicker-and describe the best way.Moreover they must never forget the one-way streets!

（1）From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney？
A．Their interest.
B．Their manners.
C．Their speech.
D．Their appearance.
（2）What does the author suggest by mentioning "Aunty Nellie" in paragraph 2？
A．Passengers are full of curiosity
B．Cabbies' topics are wide-ranging.
C．Aunty Nellie is popular in London.
D．Londoners are friendly to each other.
（3）What is the purpose of "The Knowledge"？
A．To qualify one to drive a taxi.
B．To assess one's driving skills.
C．To test drivers' ability to write.
D．To check taxi drivers memory.

共享时间:2024-06-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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201758. （2024•西安中学•三模） When you think of a map，is north on the top or the bottom？Usually，maps are designed with north on top，though when we think about it，there s no logical reason for this bias.After all，there is no up or down in space.So what's wrong with south，east or west being on the top of the map？The answer is：nothing at all.In fact，north-up maps only became the norm in the last few hundred years.
   Ancient Egyptian maps had south at the top because the Nile River flows downhill from mountains in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the north.Mecca was to the south of most early Muslim civilizations，and south-up maps were designed so that viewers would look up to see Mecca.Medieval Christian maps had east at the top，as they believed the Garden of Eden was in the east.The only early maps that had north at the top were those of early China because the emperor lived in the north.
   North seems to have settled at the top of maps during the 16th century，largely thanks to a Flemish mapmaker，Mercator.Mercator was a great admirer of an early Greek mapmaker，who，for reasons now unknown，put north at the top of maps，so Mercator did，too.When Mercator's world map became the standard map to navigate the oceans，north up became standard as well.
   What is the implication of this north-view of the world？Psychologically，people tend to think of up as good and down as bad.Just think of words and phrases like "upmarket"，"upbeat" and "moving up in the world"，and how they contrast with their opposites.Because north is so consistently put at the top of maps，people now think of north as good，too.
   Several attempts have been made in recent years by introducing south-up maps to the market.These maps not only give us a chance to see the world differently，but also give everyone the chance to see themselves on top.

（1）What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A．North-up maps were rare in ancient times.
B．Deciding up or down in space is ridiculous.
C．Mecca maps were based on a legend.
D．The south-up map first appeared in ancient Egypt.
（2）Why is north associated with good？
A．An illogical reason.
B．The spread of Mercator's maps.
C．People's preference for up.
D．An age-old tradition in Greece.
（3）What is the authors attitude to south-up maps？
A．Cautious.
B．Supportive.
C．Uncaring.
D．Disapproving.
（4）What's the main purpose of the text？
A．To explain a phenomenon.
B．To compare various facts.
C．To correct a cultural bias.
D．To argue for a viewpoint.

共享时间:2024-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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204203. （2023•长安区一中•高一上期末） A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
   More than 2，000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice，the primary habitat（栖息地）of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf，more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
   Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik，but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s.More bears seemed to stay on land，and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies.U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s.As more attention was given to the plight（困境）of polar bears about a decade ago，more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
   The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，said Jennifer Reed，of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. "Today we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors，many from around the world each year，" Reed said.Most tourists visit in the fall，when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore.Bruce Inglangasak，a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours，said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004.Most of his clients（客户）are from China and Europe，as well as from the lower 48 U.S.states.Many tourists stay several days in the village，which has two small hotels.The villagers have benefited a lot from that.In turn，they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.

（1）What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik？
A．Food shortage.
B．Climate change.
C．Habitats' movement to shore.
D．Their preference for land.
（2）How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land？
A．Excited.
B．Puzzled.
C．Concerned.
D．Shocked.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.
（4）Which saying can describe the text？
A．The fittest can survive.
B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．One man's fault is another man's lesson.
D．Every coin has two sides.

共享时间:2023-02-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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204707. （2022•西安中学•高一下期末） American high school students are terrible writers，and one education reform group thinks it has an answer：robots.Or，more accurately，robot-readers—computers programmed to scan students' essays and spit out a grade.
   Mark Shermis，professor of the College of Education at the University of Akron，is helping to hold a contest，set up by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation （WFHF），that promises ﹩ -100，000 in prize money to programmers who write the best automated grading software. "If you're a high school teacher and you give a writing task，you're walking home with 150 essays，" Shermis said. "You're going to need some help."
   Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s，but computers back then were not up to the task.In the late 1990s，as technology improved，several textbooks and testing companies jumped into the field.Today，computers are used to grade essays on South Dakota's student writing assessments and a handful of other exams，including the TOEFL test of English fluency，taken by foreign students.
   The Hewlett contest aims to show that computers can grade as well as English teachers—only much more quickly and without all that depressing red ink. "Automated essay scoring is objective，" Shermis said. "And it can be done immediately.If students finish an essay at -10 pm，they will get a result at 10：01 pm."
   Take，for instance，the Intelligent Essay Assessor，a webbased tool marketed by Pearson Education，Inc.Within seconds，it can analyze an essay for spelling，grammar，organization，and help students to make revisions.The program scans for key words and analyzes semantic （语义的） patterns，and Pearson claims that it can understand the meaning of text much the same as a human reader.

（1）The text is written to introduce        .
A．robot-readers
B．education reform in America
C．Hewlett contest
D．William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
（2）From Paragraph 3，we know that in the 1960s        .
A．computers were not easy to get
B．automated grading software was popular
C．people refused automated essay grading
D．computers couldn't grade essays automatically
（3）What does Paragraph 4 focus on？
A．The prize of Hewlett contest.
B．The advantages of automated essay scoring.
C．The application of automated essay scoring.
D．Teachers' opinions about Hewlett contest.
（4）The Intelligent Essay Assessor can        .
A．rewrite essays
B．underline the mistakes in red ink
C．understand the meaning of text
D．correct key words and patterns

共享时间:2022-07-04 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205622. （2019•蓝田县•高二下期末） Dolphins are not fish，but warm-blooded animals．They live in groups，and speak to each other in their own language．In this，they are like other animals，such as bees and birds．But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals．Their brain is nearly the same size as our own，and they live a long time-at least twenty or thirty years．Like some animals，dolphins use sound to help them find their way around．They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food．We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds，but the lower part of the mouth，called the jaw．
   Strangely，dolphins seem to like man，and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people．
   There is a story about sailors in the 19th century．In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand，they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack．From 1871 to 1903，Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way．Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack．He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area--except for The Penguin．
   Today，some people continue to kill dolphins，but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them．

（1）Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they        ．
A．live in groups
B．have large brains
C．are warm-blooded
D．have their own language
（2）Which of the following does the dolphin use to help it find its way around？
A．Its nose．
B．Its ears．
C．Its mouth．
D．Its eyes．
（3）Why did the sailors off the coast of New Zealand look for Jack？
A．They wanted his help．
B．They enjoyed playing with him．
C．He was seriously wounded．
D．He was lonely and liked to be with people．
（4）By telling the story of Jack，the writer wanted to show that        ．
A．people are cruel to animals
B．dolphinould be protected by law
C．Jack is different from other dolphins
D．dolphins are friendly and clever

共享时间:2019-07-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205640. （2018•西安中学•高一下期末） Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner there．
   Sounds unusual，doesn't it？But it's not that unrealistic，with the development of China's high-speed railway system．And that's not all．China has an even greater high-speed railway plan to connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern Europe．China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and Singapore．
   China has proposed three such projects．The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia．Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to Germany．The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe．The new system would still follow China's high-speed railway standard．And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes．Of course，there are some technical challenges to overcome．There are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge（轨距），maintenance of railway tracks．But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion．
   China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment．Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development．It'll be a win-win project．For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countries．
   For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop China's far west．We foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unused．With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all．And they'll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries．

（1）According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is        ．
A．technical issues
B．safety of the system
C．financial problems
D．maintenance of railway tracks
（2）China's new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because        ．
A．China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions．
B．China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways．
C．China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries．
D．The foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism．
（3）Which of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards China's high-speed railway plan？
A．Critical．
B．Reserved．
C．Doubtful．
D．Positive．
（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？
A．New Railway Standards
B．Big Railway Dreams
C．High-speed Bullet Trains
D．International Railway Network

共享时间:2018-07-23 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205668. （2018•西安中学•高一上期末） After years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development．By the 1920s，wolves had disappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around．
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results．Deer and elk populations - major food sources （来源） for the wolf - grew rapidly．These animals consumed （消耗） large amounts of vegetation （植被），which reduced plant diversity （多样性） in the park．In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly．The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes，and completely drove away the park's beavers．
As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves．The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．

（1）What is the text mainly about？
A．Wildlife research in the United States．
B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．
C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．
D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．
（2）What does the underlined word "displaced" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Tested．
B．Separated．
C．Forced out．
D．Tracked down．
（3）What has caused the disappearance of gray wolves？
A．Damage to local ecology．
B．A drop in the park's income．
C．Protection of vegetation．
D．An increase in the diversity of animals．
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？
A．Doubtful．
B．Positive．
C．Unfavorable．
D．Uncaring．

共享时间:2018-02-26 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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213906. （2022•西安中学•高二下期中） The rapid growth in skyscrapers worldwide，most of which have large windows，has led to a high demand for window washers.Though the job is well-paid，it is dangerous and accidents are not uncommon.However，if Israel-based start-up Skyline Technologies has its way，the dangerous job may soon be done by Ozmo，an intelligent window cleaning robot，with humans supervising from the safety of the ground.
    Much like humans，Ozmo，sitting on platforms hanging from the buildings，uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass.A 3 D map of the building's surface programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully deal with any obstacle it is likely to meet，as it moves up and down the buildings.The robot will self-correct and move around every obstacle that it might have met so as not to break a window.
   Unlike present window washers，the robot cleaner does not require soap to clean the glass.Instead，it uses distilled（蒸馏的） water to do the job.Yaron Schwarcz，CEO of Skyline Robotics explains， "We are environmentally friendly."
   Ozmo is also expected to be much more efficient than its human counterparts.While it presently takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean windows of a 40-storey glass building，the robot will be able to do it in 80 hours.However，unlike other robots，Ozmo will not replace human workers，and only make their jobs safer by making them supervisors，who will be controlling the operation from the safety of the ground.
   Whether Ozmo，which is still being tested，does as good a job as humans is not clear.If things go well，its creators have much bigger ambitions for Ozmo.Schwarcz told Forbes Magazine， "Window cleaning is just the tip of the iceberg.We plan to replace all tasks that are dangerous and dirty."

（1）Why is Ozmo friendly to our environment？
A．It depends on solar energy.
B．It uses less soap than other robots.
C．It makes our ecosystem more balanced.
D．It consumes nothing made from chemicals.
（2）What does the underlined part "the tip of the iceberg" mean？
A．As cool as the iceberg.
B．A small part of a big plan.
C．The most advanced technology.
D．The leading role in the modern world.
（3）What is the best title for the text？
A．Robots make a difference.
B．Supervise Ozmo，human safe.
C．Meet Ozmo，the window cleaning robot.
D．Intelligent Ozmo becomes known worldwide.

共享时间:2022-05-19 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205695. （2018•西安中学•高二下期末） Summer heat can be dangerous，and heat leads to tragedy far too often．According to kidsandcars.org，an average of 37 young children per year die of car heat in the US，when they are accidentally left in a hot vehicle．
   For Bishop Curry，a fifth grader from McKinney，Texas，one such incident hit close to home．A six-month-old baby from his neighborhood died after hours in a hot car．After hearing about her death，Curry decided that something needed to be done．Young Curry，who turned 11 this year，has always had a knack for inventing things，and he drew up a sketch（草图） of a device he called "Oasis．"
   The device would attach to car seats and watch the temperature inside the car．If it reached a certain temperature in the car，and the device sensed a child in the car seat，it would begin to circulate cool air．Curry also designs the device using GPS and Wi-Fi technology，which would alarm the child's parents and，if there was no response from them，the police．
   Curry's father believes that the invention has potential． "The cool thing about Bishop's thinking is none of this technology is new，" he said． "We feel like the way he's thinking and combining all these technologies will get to production faster．" His father even introduced the device to Toyota，where he works as an engineer．The company was so impressed that they sent Curry and his father to a car safety conference in Michigan．
   In January，Curry's father launched a campaign for the invention．They hope to raise money to finalize the patent，build models，and find a manufacturer．Their goal was＄20，000，but so many people believed in Oasis' potential that they have raised more than twice that--over＄46，000．
   Curry's father remembers the first time he saw his son's sketch． "I was so proud of him for thinking of a solution，" he said． "We always just complain about things and rarely offer solutions．"

（1）What inspired Curry to invent Oasis？
A．His narrow escape from death after being locked in a car．
B．His knowledge of many children's death because of car heat．
C．The death of his neighbor's baby after being left in a hot car．
D．The injury of 37 children in his school in a car accident．
（2）What would Oasis do if it was hot in a car with a child？
A．It would inform the parents or even the police．
B．It would pump out the hot air in the car．
C．It would sound the alarm attached to the car．
D．It would get the window open to save the child．
（3）What does Curry's father think is cool about Curry's invention？
A．It used some of the most advanced technology．
B．It simply combined technologies that existed．
C．It could accelerate production of new technology．
D．It is the most advanced among similar products．
（4）Why did Curry's father start a campaign to raise money？
A．To conduct experiments to test the invention．
B．To get other children devoted to inventions．
C．To support a charity of medical aid for children．
D．To get the patent and bring it to production．

共享时间:2018-07-30 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202673. （2020•西安中学•三模） Even though vaccination（接种疫苗） is a powerful defense against disease，some voices are against it．In a recent letter，the American Medical Association（AMA） urged big social media including Amazon，Facebook and Google to take action to defend medical science on their platforms．
   It said that vaccine-preventable diseases that do harm to the public health like measles（麻疹） are on the rise．Measles cases worldwide jumped more than 30% in 2017 compared to 2016，with the largest increases seen among nations in the Americas，Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean．Vaccine-preventable diseases are increasing largely because many people are unwilling to get vaccinated．And some of these people even encourage others to refuse vaccination．So this year，the World Health Organization （WHO） declared the anti-vaccination movement a top-10 health threat．
   "Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways of avoiding disease - it currently prevents 2-3 million deaths a year，and a further 15 million could be avoided if global coverage of vaccinations improved，" WHO said．
   A research article published in 1998 in a medical journal suggested a link between a vaccine and the development of autism（自闭症） in young children．Although the research has been suspected and many other studies have proved that vaccinations do not cause autism，the article is still impressing people strongly today．Another reason for the growth in the anti-vaccination movement is widespread misinformation on social media，which can turn people against vaccination．If a concerned parent consistently sees information in their Newsfeed that casts doubt on the safety of vaccines，it could cause them to disregard the advice of their children's physicians and public health experts and refuse to follow the recommended vaccination schedule．So access to true information about vaccine safety is badly needed．

（1）What does the AMA require social media to do on their platforms？
A．Unite to develop new vaccines．
B．Stop vaccine misinformation．
C．Give up the anti-vaccination movement．
D．Introduce vaccine-preventable diseases．
（2）Why does the author mention the measles cases？
A．To declare measles can be prevented．
B．To prove vaccination doesn't work well．
C．To show the result of anti-vaccination．
D．To explain the reason for avoiding vaccination．
（3）Which of the following DOESN'T play a role in the anti-vaccination movement？
A．The costs of vaccination．
B．People's concerns over vaccine safety．
C．A research relating vaccination to autism．
D．Misinformation spread on social media platforms．
（4）What is the author's attitude towards vaccination？
A．Doubtful
B．Ambiguous
C．Positive
D．Negative

共享时间:2020-04-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205754. （2018•西安一中•高一上期末） The most popular PE class at Waukegan High School in Illinois，US，takes place in a basement field house．
It is the school's version of CrossFit，the difficult physical exercise that has exploded in popularity over the last 16 years at thousands of gyms．It has more than one million devotees（爱好者） and a professional competition shown on ESPN．
Schools around the Chicago area have adopted CrossFit to interest students at a time of a rising weight problem among young people，and most say it really works compared with traditional gym classes．
"I think it's a great way to teach kids lifelong fitness，especially those kids who aren't interested in hockey（曲棍球），soccer or basketball，"said the teacher，Tracy Haraf from Illinois' Stony Creek Elementary，which devotes half of its PE days to CrossFit exercises． "They think it's tough，but I think they have a lot of fun doing it．"
Senior Alexus Wiltz，18，said the workout had improved her performance on the basketball court．"I noticed I was faster．I paid more attention on the court，my defending was better，"she said after a recent class．"It just really helped me．"
But some doctors and researchers advise caution，saying the exercises that involve lifting weights can lead to injuries，particularly when performed by few inexperienced people．
Doctor Craig Finlayson at Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago said he was worried that while strength training is fine for kids，heavy weights could be trouble for teenagers who might hurt themselves by trying to do too much or using poor form．
CrossFit Inc，the company that certifies（证明） trainers and licenses gyms，disagrees that its program is more dangerous than other fitness routines．Gym teachers in Waukegan's Greg Moisio，whose two-campus school has about 73%kids taking CrossFit each day，also say the risk of injury can be reduced with proper teaching and CrossFit's flexibility（灵活性）．

（1）Why have schools around the Chicago area adopted CrossFit？
A．To improve students' performance in competitive sports．
B．To introduce something more challenging to the students．
C．To help solve the students' weight problem．
D．To make traditional gym classes more attractive．
（2）How do the students react to the strength training？
A．The majority believe it's effective．
B．They show little interest in it．
C．73%agree it has a bad influence．
D．Most of them think it's of no use．
（3）What does the underlined word"workout"in Paragraph 5 refer to？
A．Wiltz's performance．
B．The basketball court．
C．The physical exercise．
D．A lot of fun．
（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A．CrossFit is more dangerous than other fitness routines．
B．The number of the injured in CrossFit classes is rising．
C．A great number of kids taking CrossFit lack flexibility．
D．Kids may protect themselves if they're trained properly．

共享时间:2018-02-23 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2021-11-14

高中英语 | 高二上 | 阅读理解

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