自动化

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213002. （2023•长安区一中•高三上期中）     Automation （自动化） was a hot topic.Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread.For optimists，this was a promise of liberation：At last humanity would be freed from constant toil，and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits.But others saw a threat：Millions of people would be thrown out of work，and desperate masses would roam the streets.Looking back from 50 years hence，the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode.The dispute was never resolved.
    A．J.Hayes，a leader（and no relation to me），wrote in 1964：Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order.Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient-and thus more valuable-automation threatens to make them superfluous （过剩的）-and thus without value.The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions，and there were also many milder views.But I think it's fair to say that most early students of automation，including both critics and enthusiasts，believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less.
    As for economic consequences，worries about unemployment have certainly not gone away-not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone.But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation，such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system.In any case，the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass.
    The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways.In many cases，the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do.Instead we've dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines，and we've learned to run them ourselves.These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation，both optimists and pessimists.So far，automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived us of the opportunity to work.Instead，we're working more than ever.
    What about trades closer to my own vital interests？Will science be automated？Technology al-ready has a central role in many areas of research；for example，genome sequences could not be read by traditional lab-bench methods.Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than re-placing the lab technician，but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity，I think we'll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research.And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton，then surely the science writer can't hold out either.I'm ready for my 15-hour work-week.

（1）In Paragraph 1，the writer mainly wants to convey that        .
A．automation results in unemployment on
B．automation does more harm than good
C．the issue of automation is still in discussion
D．automation brings in much convenience in life
（2）According to A．J.Hayes，we can infer        .
A．automation is more valuable than what we imagine
B．automation is a revolutionary force to better development
C．the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantages
D．the new technology would lead people into working much less
（3）What does the underlined word possibly mean？
A．Put...down for
B．Set...free from
C．Bring...into
D．Take...away from
（4）What can we conclude from this passage？
A．People needn't work so hard due to automation.
B．Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future.
C．Automation should be accepted reasonably in development.
D．Automation results in more job losses in the writer's country.

共享时间:2023-11-10 难度:2

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科技，议论文，

[答案]

CBDC

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（1）段落大意题。根据第一段中Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread.For optimists，this was a promise of liberation：At last humanity would be freed from constant toil，and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits.But others saw a threat：Millions of people would be thrown out of work，and desperate masses would roam the streets.Looking back from 50 years hence，the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode.The dispute was never resolved.（几乎每个人都同意，一旦计算机和其他种类的自动机器普及，人们的工作就会减少。对乐观主义者来说，这是一个解放的承诺：人类最终将从无休止的辛劳中解脱出来，我们都可以把时间花在更精致的追求上。但其他人看到了一种威胁：数百万人将失去工作，绝望的群众将在街上游荡。从50年前看过去，关于自动化的争论似乎是一个古怪而奇怪的插曲。这场争论从未得到解决。）可知，自从自动化产生，人们对于其孰优孰劣的争论一直持续不断。由此可知，本段主要想表达的内容是自动化的问题仍在讨论中。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order.Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient﹣and thus more valuable﹣automation threatens to make them superfluous （过剩的）﹣and thus without value.（自动化不仅是一种新型的机械化，而且是一种能够颠覆我们社会秩序的革命性力量。机械化使工人更有效率，因此更有价值，而自动化威胁使他们成为多余的，因此没有价值。）可推知，根据A.J.Hayes的说法，自动化是更好发展的革命性力量。故选B。
（3）词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段So far，automation has neither liberated us from the need to work（到目前为止，自动化并没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来）和Instead，we're working more than ever.（相反，我们比以往任何时候都更努力工作。）可知，划线词所在句子表示"到目前为止，自动化既没有把我们从工作的需要中解放出来，也没有剥夺我们工作的机会"，划线词的意思是"剥夺"，和D选项"Take...away from"意思相近，A．Put...down for把……视作；B．Set...free from释放；C．Bring...into把……带入；D．Take...away from剥夺。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than re﹣placing the lab technician，but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity，I think we'll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research.（替换科学家可能比替换实验室技术人员要困难一些，但当一台机器表现出足够的好奇心和毅力时，我认为我们将不得不欢迎它作为热心研究的伙伴。）可推知，在发展中应合理接受自动化。故选C。

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201578. （2025•长安区•一模）     Will artificial intelligence （AI） replace my job？This is a question that many people think about these days.At present，the application of AI robotics in professional fields，as well as ChatGPT's abilities to write essays，solve complex problems and more，have heightened moral concerns.
    Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society's most fundamental problems，while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence.These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making.But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization，the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries.In other words，AI's progress，functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain.
    Before AI becomes a threat to humanity，the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play.More importantly，related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life.Robots，for example，are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime，which enables them to recognize，understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans，but we must avoid AI copying human emotions.Without legal restrictions，AI may become a social disaster.
    The AI-driven new industrial revolution（革命） is irreversible.This，like previous ones，which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before，will certainly affect human employment.But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment.Therefore，it's unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs.While technology advances at a rapid pace，what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.

（1）Why are some people concerned about AI？
A．It has been applied widely.
B．It has led to social problems.
C．It may outsmart humans.
D．It is the product of humanity.
（2）How can we prevent AI's potential threat？
A．By stirring emotions.
B．By setting restrictions.
C．By blocking functions.
D．By changing regulations.
（3）What does the underlined word "irreversible" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Undesirable.
B．Unbelievable.
C．Unpredictable.
D．Unavoidable.
（4）What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era？
A．Deal with it positively.
B．Accept it passively.
C．Respond to it randomly.
D．Defend it unconditionally.

共享时间:2025-03-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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201655. （2025•高新一中•十模）     In one horrible film plot，Al eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories.In another，large language models （LLMs） of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know-how to create destructive cyberweapons.
    It is time to think hard about these film plots，not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them.The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative—no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky.Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set.
    Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply.Regulators have been too slow in the past，but there is danger，too，in acting hurriedly.If they go too fast，policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.
    Because of the computing resources and technical skills required，only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful "frontier" models.New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the "handful of companies"，especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book.A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open -source models，which are freely available and can easily be revised.
    The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks，and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources.As AI develops further，regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against，and consequently what the rule book should look like.A fully mature body could eventually take shape.But creating it will take time and reflection.

（1）What does the first paragraph function as？
A．An argument.
B．An explanation.
C．A comment.
D．A lead-in.
（2）What does the underlined word "speculative" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Theoretical.
B．Common.
C．Unique.
D．False.
（3）What is the harm of regulators' going too fast on the AI issue？
A．Competition in this area is prevented.
B．The development of AI is restricted.
C．AI will be applied to a limited degree.
D．The public will be misled about danger.
（4）Which can be the best title of the text？
A．AI：a Real Threat？
B．Don't Rush into Policing AI.
C．AI：Humans' Friend or Enemy？
D．Time for Government to Regulate AI

共享时间:2025-06-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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201549. （2025•西安中学•一模）     Elon Musk has offered a prize of ＄100 m for the best carbon capture proposal.I can save his committee a lot of time.The money should go to Peter Wohlleben，whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster of 2015.Wohlleben's idea is this：do nothing about trees.Stop fiddling with them，thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature.If we fiddle，our Romes will burn.
    The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social.It shows that they can be our saviors.But it's terribly hard to let ourselves be saved.We think we can be the authors of our salvation（拯救）.Of course，there are things we could and should be doing，but in terms of forestry practice，often what's billed as part of the solution is part of the problem.
    Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect—it makes your garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter.Forests cool by transpiring（蒸发）.If there's no water，there's no cooling.Drought can kill trees fast，but trees have many ways of dealing with it，and Wohlleben sets them out.As a species，we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behavior—and that's how trees survive，too.Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons.They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip（点滴）-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
    Deciduous（落叶的） forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live.Cut them down and burn them and you're releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood，but also from the forest floor.Deciduous trees are not"harvest-ready"at200 years：they are teenagers.We must interrogate comforting expressions such as"renewable energy"，and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
    If we don't learn to do nothing about trees，they will eventually be alone anyway—but without us.Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.

（1）What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture？
A.Fight climate change.
B.Leave trees alone.
C.Save the earth.
D.Change forestry species.
（2）How do trees survive the drought？
A.They slow their growth.
B.They lose all their leaves.
C.They stop absorbing water.
D.They get help from humans.
（3）What can we infer from the text？
A.We can cope with climate change successfully.
B.Trees can adjust their growth by themselves.
C.It is hard to stop releasing carbon dioxide.
D.It is urgent to regulate the growth of trees.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？
A.To illustrate the carbon capture system.
B.To give an account of the survival of trees.
C.To clarify a proposal for a reward.
D.To recommend a book.

共享时间:2025-03-03 难度:2 相似度:1

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202833. （2020•西工大附中•四模） We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置） well after they go out of style．That's bad news for the environment and our wallets-as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things．
   To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device．This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s．Devices were grouped by generation．Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997．And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readerowed up in 2007．
   As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones． "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher．The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007．We're not just keeping these old devices -we continue to use them．According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy，consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window．
   So what's the solution （解决方案）？The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing．They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%．

（1）What does the author think of new devices？
A．They are environment-friendly．
B．They are no better than the old．
C．They cost more to use at home．
D．They go out of style quickly．
（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research？
A．To reduce the cost of minerals．
B．To test the life cycle of a product．
C．To update consumers on new technology．
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices．
（3）Which of the following uses the least energy？
A．The box-set TV．
B．The tablet．
C．The LCD TV．
D．The desktop computer．
（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？
A．Stop using them．
B．Take them apart．
C．Upgrade them．
D．Recycle them．

共享时间:2020-04-30 难度:2 相似度:1

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202690. （2020•西安中学•二模） A disastrous fire surrounded Notre Dame completely destroyed large parts of the Gothic architecture on Monday．
   "Notre Dame is our history，our literature；part of our spirit，the place of all our great events，our wars，our liberations，the center of our lives" French President Emmanuel Macron told reporters in front of the still burning Paris landmark and promised to rebuild Notre Dame Cathedral．
   "Notre Dame is burning，and I know the sadness and this tremble felt by so many fellow French people．But tonight，I'd like to speak of hope too，" he said，announcing the launch of a fundraising campaign．
   "Let's be proud，because we built this cathedral more than 800 years ago，we've built it and，throughout the centuries，let it grow and improve it．So I gravely say tonight：we will rebuild it together，" he added．
   The disastrous fire engulfed the upper reaches of Paris' towering Notre Dame Cathedral as it was undergoing renovations．Tourists and Parisians looked on horrified from the streets below．France's Interior Ministry said firefighters might not be able to save the structure．
   The fire collapsed the cathedral's spire and spread to one of its landmark towers． "Everything is burning；nothing will remain from the frame，" Notre Dame spokesman Andre Finot told French media．The 12th-century cathedral is home to incalculable works of art and is one of the world's most famous tourist attractions， immortalized by Victor Hugo's 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame．
   The cause of the fire was not known，but French media quoted the Paris fire brigade as saying the fire is "potentially linked" to a 6 million-euro （＄6.88 million） renovation project on the church's spire and its 250 tons of lead．Officials opened an investigation as Paris police said there were no reported deaths．Some 400 firefighters were battling the fire well into the night．

（1）What Emmanuel Macron said mainly shows that        ．
A．Notre Dame was the symbol of Paris in history
B．the French government are going to rebuild Notre Dame
C．it took more than 800 years to build Notre Dame
D．he was desperate when he made the announcement
（2）Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．Notre Dame Cathedral was burnt down entirely．
B．The structure was well saved by the firefighters．
C．People who were killed in the fire are some firefighters．
D．The fire was likely caused by a renovation project on the church's spire．
（3）What does the underlined part probably mean？
A．The novel made the cathedral famous．
B．The cathedral is repeatedly mentioned in the novel．
C．The novel became a bestseller thanks to the cathedral．
D．The novel became more mysterious due to the cathedral．
（4）What is the tone of the author in writing the article？
A．Disappointed．
B．Humorous．
C．Matter-of-fact．
D．Critical．

共享时间:2020-03-30 难度:2 相似度:1

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202691. （2020•西安中学•二模） I always wanted to be extraordinarily good at something．Not just as in， "Great job，Jimbo!" No，I wanted to be best-in-class，awe-inspiring，tiptop：a world-famous genius，like Michael Phelps，or Mark Zuckerberg．
   Unfortunately，my version of reality did not quite line up with this delusional vision．I was a good swimmer，but I peaked at the collegiate State Championships level．My academic record was pretty solid，but I never would have made it into one of those ivy-league schools．
   Though I rose to above-average status in a couple of areas，the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything more than a mid-sized fish in a small pond．God apparently had other plans．
   What drove me crazy，though，was the superstar talent thrown in my face at every turn．Some folks just seemed to get an unfair intensive dose of it．Why couldn't I be like Bernie Williams，the famed New York Yankees player who also happens to be a world-class jazz guitar virtuoso？
   Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time．Around ten thousand hours，to be precise，according to author Malcolm Gladwell．I don't question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to developing one's expertise，but it seems that raw talent is equally important．You either have it or you don't．
   I've heard that as people approach middle age，their life satisfaction increases because they begin to accept the gap between the expectations for themselves and the reality．After a few decades of frustration without the desired results，we eventually come to terms with how our lives turned out，even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectations．
   Hope bends，it seems．

（1）What does the word "delusional" in Para．2 most probably mean？
A．Imaginary．
B．Realistic．
C．Disappointing．
D．Material．
（2）In the passage，the writer thinks of himself as a       ．
A．real genius
B．mere nobody
C．super star
D．top swimmer
（3）According to the writer，what makes "greatness"？
A．Extraordinary efforts．
B．Ten thousand hours of practice．
C．Raw talent．
D．Talent and time．
（4）Which of the following might be the best title？
A．Accept Ourselves
B．Dream Big
C．Practice Works
D．Talent Matters

共享时间:2020-03-30 难度:2 相似度:1

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202692. （2020•西安中学•二模） Lego is considering a brick rental plan in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste．The Danish toymaker has promised to make all its bricks from sustainable sources by 2030 and is investing significant resources into finding alternatives．
   Tim Brooks，vice-president responsible for sustainability，said the company was "totally open" to the idea of a product rental plan but admitted that lost pieces could produce a significant problem． "What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again？" Mr．Brooks added．
   "There is a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done．We are right at beginning of that．" Mr．Brooks said Lego was exploring several ideas with a view to producing the highest value from products while consuming the least amount of resources．He said many would "probably never see the light of day" and there was no current plan to try out a rental plan．
   Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint among growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment．It produces 19 billion pieces per year - 36，000 a minute - that are made entirely of plastic while much of the inside packaging is also plastic．
   So far，the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane．The green trees，plants and flowers were first included in Lego sets late last year but make up only 1%-2% of the total amount of plastic elements produced．Henrik Nielson，a production supervisor in Lego's factory，said last year： "We need to learn again how to do this．"
   Lego reportedly releases around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year，with about 75% coming from raw materials that go into factories．The company has invested more than 100，000，000 euros and hired 100 people to research non-plastic alternatives．It is aiming to keep all of its packaging out of landfill by 2025．

（1）Lego is making great efforts to        ．
A．promote its brick rental plan
B．raise its production efficiency
C．explore ways to reduce plastic waste
D．develop new products
（2）The underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably means "        "．
A．run smoothly
B．come into existence
C．become totally useless
D．go against nature
（3）The writer tells of Lego's stress of reducing plastic waste by means of        ．
A．figures
B．examples
C．comparison
D．classification
（4）What is Lego's attitude towards developing non-plastic alternatives？
A．Defensive．
B．Determined．
C．Disapproving．
D．Doubtful．

共享时间:2020-03-30 难度:2 相似度:1

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202711. （2020•西安中学•六模） Terra Cycle is a company that has recycled and upcycled（升级改造） just about any garbage it can get its hands on．It upcycle things like pens and markers into dust bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends into railroad ties．
   Now，TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great：The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle．The book is part wake-up call，part history lesson，part how-to，and part DIY arts and crafts instruction．
   In an effort to help people do what they can to curb their contribution to the tons of waste created every day，Make Garbage Great gives the history of various materials，discusses why those various materials are a problem，and gives tips and DIY projects to recycle or upcycle each material．
   There is a chapter each on plastics，metals，paper，glass，wood，rubber and organics．Each chapter is filled with tons of tips and ideas for reducing the amount of waste you create and for responsibly handling the waste you end up creating in your home．If you're a conscious consumer，some of the information you may already know，but there are also tips in this book that will help you recycle more than you thought you were able to．It has information on where you can take old sneakers，pillows，and all that electronic waste that seems to pile up quicker and quicker each year．
   Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before you throw，anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here．Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration．It's printed on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable（可持续的） alternative to many of the products that we waste．

（1）What is the book intended to do？
A．To advertise for the company．
B．To help families make money．
C．To instruct people to learn arts．
D．To help families reduce waste．
（2）What can we know about the book？
A．It is intended for housewives．
B．It is environmentally friendly．
C．It is well received all over the world．
D．It is not different from other paper books．
（3）What does the author's attitude towards the book？
A．Positive．
B．Negative．
C．Doubtful．
D．Objective．
（4）What could be the best title for the text？
A．Live A More Healthy Life？
B．Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle？
C．Terra Cycle-A Responsible Company
D．Make Garbage Great-A Key to Success

共享时间:2020-05-28 难度:2 相似度:1

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202730. （2020•西安中学•六模） Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available．While they sound efficient and cost-saving，a recent study reports that they are not effective，primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them．
   The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor．
   Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression，helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors．However，online CBT programs have been gaining popularity，with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer．
   A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England．The patients were split into three groups：one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care I from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs．Participants were balanced across the three groups for age，sex，educational background，severity and duration of depression，and use of antidepressants．
   After four months，the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors．
   "It's an important，cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists，" says Christopher Dowrick，a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool． "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction，particularly when people are depressed．"
   Being depressed can mean feeling "lost in your own small，negative，dark world，" Dowrick says．Having a person，instead of a computer，reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation． "When you're emotionally vulnerable，you're even more in need of a caring human being，" he says．

（1）What does the recent study say about online CBT programs？
A．Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure．
B．Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer．
C．They can save patients trouble visiting physicians．
D．They have been well received by a lot of patients．
（2）What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular？
A．Their effectiveness in combating depression．
B．The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy．
C．Their easy and inexpensive access by patients．
D．The recommendation by primary care doctors．
（3）What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs？
A．They should not be neglected in primary care．
B．Their effectivenesould not be overestimated．
C．They should be used by strictly following instructions．
D．Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists．
（4）What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person？
A．A positive state of mind．
B．Appropriate medication．
C．Timely encouragement．
D．Human interaction．

共享时间:2020-05-18 难度:2 相似度:1

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202787. （2020•西安中学•八模） Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls．But it might be time to unlearn that training - this summer，a group of culture addicts，artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island．
   The project is called Writing On It All，and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013．
   "Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons，or they just kind of happen to be there，" Alexandra Chasin，artistic director of Writing On It All，tells Smithsonian．com．
   The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers．Each session has a theme，and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art．This year，the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile （流放）．
   Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes．Now known as "New York'ared space for art and play，" the island，which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay，is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals，picnics，adventures，as well as these "legal graffiti（涂鸦）" sessions．
   The notes and art scribbled（涂画） on the walls are an experiment in self-expression．So far，participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85．Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing，rather than the text that ends up getting written，some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her．
   "One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls，" says Chasin，explaining that in one room，people wrote down the names of those killed because of it． "People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages．"

（1）What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do？
A．Unlearn their training in drawing．
B．Participate in a state graffiti show．
C．Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti．
D．Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house．
（2）What did the project participants do during the 2016 season？
A．They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind．
B．They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session．
C．They learned the techniques of collaborative writing．
D．They were required to cooperate with other creators．
（3）What kind of place is Governor's Island？
A．It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists．
B．It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles．
C．It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles．
D．It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round．
（4）What does Chasin say about the project？
A．It just focused on the sufferings of black females．
B．It helped expand the influence of graffiti art．
C．It has started the career of many creative artists．
D．It has created some meaningful artistic works．

共享时间:2020-06-12 难度:2 相似度:1

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202805. （2020•西安中学•三模） We often hear such statements： "I spilled （洒出） juice，but it wasn't my fault．"， "I got in trouble at school，but it wasn't my fault．" or "I was in a car accident，but it wasn't my fault．" That "It's not my fault．" is a go-to response for so many people and especially teenagers．
   Parents complain they are tired of the "excuse"．The reason why variations of "It's not my fault．" are so popular is that it lets us off the hook from guilt and blame．I'm a fan of not owning responsibility for things that I can't control．Teens who often say "It's my fault．" when something bad happens tend to be highly self-critical，perfectionistic and more easier to be troubled by anxiety and depression．
   While it is important to recognize lack of reason to blame oneself，many teens over-rely on "It's not my fault．" When trying to get them to take responsibility，parents usually attempt to convince their teens that something is their fault．The approach tends to be ineffective and turn into a power struggle．No one wins．A more effective approach can be to stress significant drawbacks to consistently focusing on removing our responsibility with this phrase．
   Overuse of the phrase can result in feelings of lack of ability to control their own lives．This sense has been shown to cause low motivation．Besides creating feelings of lack of ability，overuse of "It's not my fault．" focuses a teen's attention on what is done as opposed to what needs to be done．
   People may not have caused all their problems but they have to solve them anyway．The example I frequently share with teens is the question of what one will do if he is pushed into a deep lake．One can certainly stay in water，yelling， "It's not my fault．" However，that won't get him out of water．He needs to swim to the shore，regardless of the fault．
   If you take a proper approach to communicating with your teens，you can help them avoid over-reliance on "It's not my fault．"

（1）What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1？
A．The teenagers' dislike for school life．
B．The common trouble faced by teenagers．
C．The reasons for blaming others for accidents．
D．The tendency for people not to be responsible for mess in life．
（2）What type of teens tends to suffer great mental pressure according to the text？
A．Those lacking confidence and ambition．
B．Those allowing others to find excuses．
C．Those unable to get along well with others．
D．Those often blaming themselves for some incidents．
（3）What's the author's attitude to parents' usual way of guiding children？
A．Supportive．
B．Negative．
C．Ambiguous．
D．Neutral．
（4）What lesson is conveyed in the example often shared by the author？
A．We should try to avoid troubling others．
B．We should focus on how to solve problems．
C．We should dare to point out others' mistakes．
D．We should be self-critical as much as possible．

共享时间:2020-04-08 难度:2 相似度:1

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202815. （2020•铁一中学•五模） Children now worry more about their parents spending too much time on their mobiles or computers than parents worry about their children．Those who order their children to switch off televisions，computers or mobile phones because they fear they are becoming addicted might need to take a long hard look at their own screen habits，new research shows．
   Almost 70% of children think their parents spent too much time on their mobile phone，iPad or other similar devices，a research found．More than a third of children worry that their parents struggle to switch off from technology and a quarter of children surveyed openly accuse them of double standards when it comes to excessive（过多的） use of mobile devices，televisions and computers．One in five British children say their parents do not listen to them properly when they are together because they are so busy checking their emails or picking up work messages．
   The survey was carried out by Opinion Matters，a research agency for the New Forest National Park Authority．The authority has recently begun providing facilities for visitors to hand in mobile phones，tablets and other devices for fear that technology is invading family life and making it impossible for people to appreciate nature properly because they never switch off．
   Dr Richard Graham，a consultant adolescent psychiatrist and expert in technology addiction at Capio Nightingale Hospital in London，said there is growing evidence that children are finding their parents' preoccupation with communication technology increasingly worrisome．
   Four in ten of the children surveyed admitted that they sometimes communicate with their parents by text，email or social media even they are in the next room．The survey found that six in ten parents worry their children are spending too much time glued to small screens at home but almost seven in ten children have the same fear for their parents．
   Dr Aric Sigman told the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health conference that parents who cannot switch off risk driving them to a lifelong dependency on screens with striking similarities to alcoholism．If so，I think，they will regret wasting the time supposed to be spend on their children before they grow up disappointed．

（1）How many children questioned worry their parents spend too much time on screens？
A．One in three．
B．One in four．
C．One in five．
D．Almost seven in ten．
（2）According to the Paragraph 3，we learn that       ．
A．screen habits are ruining family life
B．parents have trouble receiving work messages
C．children do not listen to their parents properly
D．parents are openly accused of double standards
（3）According to Graham，what's children's attitude to their parents' screen habits？
A．Approving．
B．Doubtful．
C．Upset．
D．Indifferent．
（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？
A．To introduce the mobiles and computers to adults．
B．To advise parents to spend more time on their children．
C．To describe the difficulties today's parents have met with．
D．To compare today's parent-child relationship with that in the past．

共享时间:2020-05-11 难度:2 相似度:1

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202832. （2020•西工大附中•四模） At the first Olympic marathon in 1896，athletes ran a shorter course than today's 42.2-kilometer event．Even so，only the winner finished within three hours．However，runners have improved，and one expert predicted last year that the two-hour mark would be broken in 2028．
   On Oct 12，Eliud Kipchoge came in ahead of schedule - literally．The 34-year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours．Clocking in at 1：59：40，Kipchoge pumped his chest and even sped up after crossing the finish line as he ran happily to his wife． "No one is limited．Thiows the positivity of sport，" Kipchoge told the BBC after the race in Vienna，Austria． "Together when we run，we can make it a beautiful world．"
   Apart from Kipchoge's strong willpower and outstanding physical condition，a few tricks of science and technology helped him reach this milestone in human athletic achievement．
   Hills and turns slow runners down，so Kipchoge's team picked the course in Vienna for its gentle curves （弯曲度）．
   The city's cool and dry weather was also important，said Wired．The magazine talked to exercise physiologists，who think the weather helped keep Kipchoge's body running more efficiently throughout the race．
   A special pair of shoes also played a big part．According to The New York Times，the shoes Kipchoge wore were designed to give a significant edge （优势） to anyone wearing them in a race．
   One other key to this breakthrough was Kipchoge's pacing strategy．He ran with a dream team of pacers， deployed by sports scientists．Five runners formed a V-shape ahead of Kipchoge，reducing drag （阻力），and two runners followed directly behind to push him forward．Kipchoge stayed in the center of the formation．The team rotated （轮换） members every five kilometers，and he stayed under a two-hour pace for almost the entire length of the race．There was also a pace car driving 15 meters in front of everyone，casting a laser （激光） line on the road to keep them on track．
   "Few world records today are technology free，" noted The Telegraph．Hard work and dedication are still the core （核心） of athletic achievement，but science and technology are helping modern athletes maximize their potential．

（1）Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs？
A．42.2-kilometer marathon first started in 1896．
B．Eliud Kipchoge is predicted to break the record in 2028．
C．Eliud Kipchoge won the Olympic champion at 1：59：40．
D．Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya set a new marathon record in less than two hour．
（2）What factor does not benefit Eliud Kipchoge in the challenge？
A．His strong willpower．
B．Physiologists' talk．
C．His extraordinary physical condition．
D．Special running shoes．
（3）What's the closest explanation of the underlined word？
A．follow
B．monitor
C．arrange
D．motivate
（4）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Running into record books．
B．How to maximize one's athletic potential．
C．Few world record today are technology free．
D．Eliud Kipchoge's outstanding sports achievements．

共享时间:2020-04-30 难度:2 相似度:1

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202890. （2018•西安中学•二模） Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do，the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling．One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago．Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen．
   The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country's bees．He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated （交配） it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees．The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey．It seemed that Professor Kerr，for that was the scientist's name，had a total success on his hands．
   Then things began to go wrong．For some reason as yet unseen，but perhaps as a result of something in their environment，the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities．They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry，attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places．
   But worse was to follow．Having taken over the countryside，the new bees，with their dangerous stings （叮），began to attack its neighbors - cats，dogs，horses，chickens and finally man himself．A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings．
   This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil．But now they are on the move，heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America，and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year．The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them．

（1）The results of the South American experiment        ．
A．have caused a serious trouble
B．have proved to be wrong
C．are not yet certain
D．are not important
（2）The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to        ．
A．increase the amount of honey in Brazil
B．make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C．increase the number of bees in Brazil
D．make African bees less active
（3）Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees' attacking personalities？
A．Their production of honey．
B．Their hard work．
C．Their living environment．
D．Their bad temper．
（4）The last paragraph implies that        ．
A．the bees have been driven to Central and North America
B．the bees may bring about trouble in more countries
C．the bees must be stopped from moving north
D．the bees prefer to live in Brazil

共享时间:2018-03-29 难度:2 相似度:1

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202834. （2020•西工大附中•四模） Spring is coming，and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs．Competition is tough，so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices．Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us，but the workplace may not．
   A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos（文身）nose rings，or certain dress styles．It is true you can't judge a book by its cover，yet people do "cover" themselves in order to convey certain messages．What we wear，including tattoos and nose rings，is an expression of who we are．Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances，so do companies．Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons，but the main concern is often about what customers accept．
   Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom，but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money．Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees，because those people represent the companies to their customers．
   As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers．There are plenty of well-qualified candidates，so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers．Even though I am open-minded，I can't expect all our customers are．
   There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer．No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards，as long as its standards are legal．

（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2？
A．People's appearances carry message about themselves．
B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies．
C．Candidates with tattoos or nose ringould be fairly treated．
D．Strange dress styleould not be encouraged in the workplace．
（2）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview．
B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies．
C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates．
D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
A．Employees Matter
B．Personal Choices Matter
C．Appearances Matter
D．Hiring Managers Matter
（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as       ．
A．enthusiastic
B．negative
C．positive
D．sympathetic

共享时间:2020-04-30 难度:2 相似度:1

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jdc@dyw.com

2023-11-10

高中英语 | 高三上 | 阅读理解

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