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201655. （2025•高新一中•十模）     In one horrible film plot，Al eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories.In another，large language models （LLMs） of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know-how to create destructive cyberweapons.
    It is time to think hard about these film plots，not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them.The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative—no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky.Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set.
    Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply.Regulators have been too slow in the past，but there is danger，too，in acting hurriedly.If they go too fast，policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.
    Because of the computing resources and technical skills required，only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful "frontier" models.New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the "handful of companies"，especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book.A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open -source models，which are freely available and can easily be revised.
    The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks，and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources.As AI develops further，regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against，and consequently what the rule book should look like.A fully mature body could eventually take shape.But creating it will take time and reflection.

（1）What does the first paragraph function as？
A．An argument.
B．An explanation.
C．A comment.
D．A lead-in.
（2）What does the underlined word "speculative" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Theoretical.
B．Common.
C．Unique.
D．False.
（3）What is the harm of regulators' going too fast on the AI issue？
A．Competition in this area is prevented.
B．The development of AI is restricted.
C．AI will be applied to a limited degree.
D．The public will be misled about danger.
（4）Which can be the best title of the text？
A．AI：a Real Threat？
B．Don't Rush into Policing AI.
C．AI：Humans' Friend or Enemy？
D．Time for Government to Regulate AI

共享时间:2025-06-06 难度:2

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（1）推理判断题。第一段In one horrible film plot，Al eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories.In another，large language models （LLMs） of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know﹣how to create destructive cyberweapons.（在一部恐怖的电影情节中，人工智能最终战胜了人类，接管了电脑和工厂。在另一种情况下，为ChatGPT等生成式人工智能提供动力的大型语言模型（LLMs）为坏人提供了制造破坏性网络武器的技术。）和第二段It is time to think hard about these film plots，not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them.（现在是认真思考这些电影情节的时候了，不是因为它们变得更有可能发生，而是因为世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范它们。）可知第一段的作用就是充当引子，引出主题。故选D。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第二段The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction（人工智能可能导致人类灭绝的想法是）和no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky（没有人知道这样的威胁是如何实现的，也没有通用的方法来确定什么是危险的）可知，划线词所在句子表示"人工智能可能导致人类灭绝的想法是推测性的"，划线词应表示"猜测的，猜想的"，和Theoretical意思相近。A．Theoretical猜测的，猜想的；B．Common普通的；C．Unique独特的；D．False错误的。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段If they go too fast，policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.（如果们走得太快，政策制定者可能会制定针对错误问题的全球规则，而对真正的问题则无效。）和第四段Because of the computing resources and technical skills required，only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful "frontier" models.New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the "handful of companies"，especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book.（由于需要计算资源和技术技能，迄今为止只有少数公司开发了强大的"前沿"模型。匆忙出台的新法规很容易将"少数公司"的竞争对手拒之门外，尤其是因为这些公司正与政府密切合作制定规则。）可知，监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快的坏处是这一领域的竞争受到阻碍。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段As AI develops further，regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against，and consequently what the rule book should look like.A fully mature body could eventually take shape.But creating it will take time and reflection.（随着人工智能的进一步发展，监管机构将对自己要防范的风险有更好的了解，从而知道规则手册应该是什么样子。一个完全成熟的身体最终会成形。但创造它需要时间和思考。）可知，本文主要讲的是世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施来防范人工智能发展太快，但是监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快是会带来一些坏处的，因此B项Don't Rush into Policing AI（不要急于监管人工智能）作文章标题最合适。故选B。

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201578. （2025•长安区•一模）     Will artificial intelligence （AI） replace my job？This is a question that many people think about these days.At present，the application of AI robotics in professional fields，as well as ChatGPT's abilities to write essays，solve complex problems and more，have heightened moral concerns.
    Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society's most fundamental problems，while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence.These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making.But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization，the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries.In other words，AI's progress，functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain.
    Before AI becomes a threat to humanity，the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play.More importantly，related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life.Robots，for example，are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime，which enables them to recognize，understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans，but we must avoid AI copying human emotions.Without legal restrictions，AI may become a social disaster.
    The AI-driven new industrial revolution（革命） is irreversible.This，like previous ones，which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before，will certainly affect human employment.But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment.Therefore，it's unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs.While technology advances at a rapid pace，what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.

（1）Why are some people concerned about AI？
A．It has been applied widely.
B．It has led to social problems.
C．It may outsmart humans.
D．It is the product of humanity.
（2）How can we prevent AI's potential threat？
A．By stirring emotions.
B．By setting restrictions.
C．By blocking functions.
D．By changing regulations.
（3）What does the underlined word "irreversible" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Undesirable.
B．Unbelievable.
C．Unpredictable.
D．Unavoidable.
（4）What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era？
A．Deal with it positively.
B．Accept it passively.
C．Respond to it randomly.
D．Defend it unconditionally.

共享时间:2025-03-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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201549. （2025•西安中学•一模）     Elon Musk has offered a prize of ＄100 m for the best carbon capture proposal.I can save his committee a lot of time.The money should go to Peter Wohlleben，whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster of 2015.Wohlleben's idea is this：do nothing about trees.Stop fiddling with them，thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature.If we fiddle，our Romes will burn.
    The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social.It shows that they can be our saviors.But it's terribly hard to let ourselves be saved.We think we can be the authors of our salvation（拯救）.Of course，there are things we could and should be doing，but in terms of forestry practice，often what's billed as part of the solution is part of the problem.
    Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect—it makes your garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter.Forests cool by transpiring（蒸发）.If there's no water，there's no cooling.Drought can kill trees fast，but trees have many ways of dealing with it，and Wohlleben sets them out.As a species，we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behavior—and that's how trees survive，too.Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons.They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip（点滴）-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
    Deciduous（落叶的） forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live.Cut them down and burn them and you're releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood，but also from the forest floor.Deciduous trees are not"harvest-ready"at200 years：they are teenagers.We must interrogate comforting expressions such as"renewable energy"，and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
    If we don't learn to do nothing about trees，they will eventually be alone anyway—but without us.Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.

（1）What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture？
A.Fight climate change.
B.Leave trees alone.
C.Save the earth.
D.Change forestry species.
（2）How do trees survive the drought？
A.They slow their growth.
B.They lose all their leaves.
C.They stop absorbing water.
D.They get help from humans.
（3）What can we infer from the text？
A.We can cope with climate change successfully.
B.Trees can adjust their growth by themselves.
C.It is hard to stop releasing carbon dioxide.
D.It is urgent to regulate the growth of trees.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？
A.To illustrate the carbon capture system.
B.To give an account of the survival of trees.
C.To clarify a proposal for a reward.
D.To recommend a book.

共享时间:2025-03-03 难度:2 相似度:1

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203689. （2024•西安中学•高三上期末）     Saving lives has always been an important mission of science.Now science，and indeed all society，are facing a new dilemma：whether or not to try and save more lives through human cloning.
   The first cloning experiments in the 1950s involved frogs and toads.It was not until 1997 that scientists successfully cloned the first mammal，the now world-famoueep known as Dolly.Cloning techniques' have continued to improve since then，and today there are cloned mice，salmon，and cattle.
   Some scientists want to apply the methods used in cloning animals to produce skin，or organs，and other body parts for humans.One of these methods involves taking adult cells from the brain or blood and growing them into new tissues.Another more complex technique takes embryo cells and develops them into a wide variety of cell types and tissues.It is this planned use of human embryos that has resulted in controversy and criticism.
   The cloning of human cells provides the potential to find cures and eliminate diseases.The dream of some researchers is to create a Utopian world of good health.Others question whether it is right to "Play God""in an attempt to cure the disabilities and diseases in this world.
   Some of the great hopes for cloning include the utility to perform transplants，whenever they are needed，using cloned organs.For example，people with lung cancer may simply have their lungs replaced with healthy ones.Scientists also look forward to the day when people in wheelchairs can walk again，and illnesses such as Alzheinmier's and Parkinson's Disease can be prevented.
   However，a lot of people worry about the appearance of masses of identical people，and the production of "perfect"" humans for warfare or slave labor.We might even see headless human bodies being stored at hospitals for their"spare parts".With such thought-causing possibilities for the 2 lst century，human cloning will no doubt continue to receive widespread attention and scrutiny（审视）.

（1）What problem is science faced with？
A.How to carry out human cloning scientifically.
B.Whether human cloning can help save more lives.
C.How to save more lives through human cloning.
D.Whether human cloning should be used for saving lives.
（2）What can we know about cloning according to the text？
A.It has a history of over half a century.
B.It develops very quickly in the 21st century.
C.It can protect people from diseases of any kind.
D.It has enabled many people in wheelchairs to walk again.
（3）The underlined word "eliminate" in paragraph 4 most probably means"        ".
A.put up with
B.get along with
C.make up for
D.get rid of
（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.There's a widespread concern over the possible misuse of human cloning.
B.Human cloning may become a trend in the 21st century.
C.The effect of human cloning on society will no longer be a hot topic.
D.Human cloning has more advantages than disadvantages.

共享时间:2024-02-18 难度:2 相似度:1

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203920. （2024•鄠邑区•高三上期末）     Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads，a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
    Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University，researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways，detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
    In previous studies，Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal（时间的） coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
    "If we collect and process more high-resolution（高清） spatial information about what's happening on the roads，then planners could better understand changes in demand，effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system，"said Keith Redmill，lead author of the study.
    "If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors，then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply，"he said."Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time，it's worth fully automating that process."
    While still a long way from total implementation（实施），the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance.Transportation planners，engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways，so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years，it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.

（1）How can cameras on buses benefit travelers？
A.By shortening their travel time.
B.By making their schedules tight.
C.By decreasing their transport cost.
D.By improving their safety awareness.
（2）What can we know about the sensors placed on buses？
A.They provide more spatial coverage.
B.They can't detect objects on the road.
C.They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D.They accurately record the flow of traffic.
（3）What does the underlined word"surveillance"in paragraph 6 mean？
A.Operation.
B.Monitoring.
C.Protection.
D.Arrangement.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？
A.Transportation automation is on its way
B.It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C.Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D.Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic

共享时间:2024-02-07 难度:2 相似度:1

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203919. （2024•鄠邑区•高三上期末）      With a fragrance（芳香） through the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for six months，memories skyrocketed.Participants in this study by University of California，Irvine （UCI） neuroscientists gained a 226% increase in cognitive capacity compared to the control group.The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy，non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia（痴呆）.
   The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning &.Memory.It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment.All were given seven small containers，each containing a single and different natural oil.People in the enriched group received full-strength oils.Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts.Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed，and it activated for two hours as they slept.
   People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group，as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory.Participants also reported sleeping more soundly.The researchers say the results from their study bear out what scientists learned about the connection between smell and memory.
   Scientists have long known that the loss of ability to smell，can predict development of nearly 70 neurological and psychiatric diseases.These include Alzheimer's and other dementias，Parkinson's and alcoholism.Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different smells twice a day over a period of time improved their memories and language skills，eased depression and improved their sense of smell.
   The team would next like to study the technique's impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss.A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.

（1）What field may the findings be applied to？
A．Controlling sleep.
B．Promoting memory.
C．Developing skills.
D．Exploring smells.
（2）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？
A．Research results.
B．Research purpose.
C．Research methods.
D．Research process.
（3）How did researchers assess the performance of the participants？
A．By giving the participants a test.
B．By scanning the participants' brain.
C．By observing the participants' actions.
D．By asking about the participants' feeling.
（4）What will the researchers focus on in future？
A．Developing a smell product.
B．The impact of cognitive loss.
C．Application of research results.
D．Doing market research for their product.

共享时间:2024-02-07 难度:2 相似度:1

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203901. （2024•莲湖区•高二上期末）     Plastic is everywhere in our modern world.Its toughness makes it an extremely useful material from household items to vehicle parts，but that same toughness makes it hard to break down for recycling or disposal（处理）.However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.
    Based on a kind of plastic called an epoxy resin vitrimer，which is brittle（脆性的），the new plastic boasts a huge range of advantages.Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150℃for just 60 seconds.When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up.It does all of this much faster than others of its type.
   The new plastic can also break down easier.Even if it's discarded（丢弃） into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days.It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules（分子） that are essential food for marine life.
   The new plastic is more resistant to breaking.It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment，according to Shota Ando，a researcher of the study.
   The material can be used in a variety of applications."Infrastructure materials for roads and bridges are often composed of epoxy resins mixed with compounds such as concrere and carbon，"said Ando."By using the new plastic，these would be easier to maintain as they would be stronger and healable using heat.Unlike conventional epoxy resins，this new material is hard but stretchable，so it could also be expected to strongly bond materials of different hardness and stretch."

（1）What is the author's purpose in writing paragraph 1？
A.To highlight the importance of plastic.
B.To show the disadvantages of plastic.
C.To introduce the topic of the text.
D.To indicate his views on previous plastic.
（2）What do the underlined words "patch itself up" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Change itself.
B.Repair itself.
C.Shape itself.
D.Burn itself.
（3）What do we know about the new plastic？
A.It is safe for animals in the ocean.
B.It can provide nutrition for animals.
C.It can change itape when frozen.
D.It is more brittle than previous plastic.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.Research Of New Molecules
B.An Interesting Scientific Study
C.The Widespread Application Of Plastic
D.A New Environmentally Friendly Plastic

共享时间:2024-02-18 难度:2 相似度:1

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203806. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末） It was a village in India．The people were poor．However，they were not unhappy．After all，their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries．
   Then one day，some visitors from the city arrived．They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs．However，they did not have enough frogs of their own，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places．
   This seemed like money for nothing．There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were no use to the villagers．All they had to do was catch them．Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs．Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money．For the first time，the people were able to dream of a better future．But the dream didn't last long．
   The change was hardly noticed at first，but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well．More worrying was that the children fell ill more often，and，there seemed to be more insects around lately．
   The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak．They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides （杀虫剂） and medicines．Soon there was no money left．
   Then the people realized what was happening．It was the frog．They hadn't been useless．They had been doing an important job-eating insects．Now with so many frogs killed，the insects were increasing more rapidly．They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases．
   Now，the people are still poor．But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs．These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning．

（1）From Paragraph 1，we learn that the villagers       ．
A．worked very hard for centuries
B．dreamed of having a better life
C．were poor but somewhat content
D．lived a different life from their forefathers
（2）Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs？
A．The frogs were easy money．
B．They needed money to buy medicine．
C．They wanted to please the visitors．
D．The frogs made too much noise．
（3）What might be the cause of the children's sickness？
A．The crops didn't do well．
B．There were too many insects．
C．The visitors brought in diseases．
D．The pesticides were overused．
（4）What can we infer from the last sentence of the text？
A．Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country．
B．Health is more important than money．
C．The harmony between man and nature is important．
D．Good old days will never be forgotten．

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:1

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203713. （2024•西安中学•高二下期末） From sleep machines to AI-controlled house cleaning robots，a wide variety of advanced technologies and products are being exhibited at the 4th China International Import Expo（CIIE）in Shanghai.Here are some products you don't want to miss.
   Electric bicycle Brina 2
   For many people，a daily commute（通勤）is often a source of headache.Emove Inc，an exhibitor from Argentina，has presented electric bicycle Brina 2 as a solution.Running on long-range batteries，the e-bike has a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour.Almost all the components are designed within the carbon fiber frame.Its scientific design makes the ride more stable and comfortable than other conventional e-bikes.
   AI robot—a right-hand assistant for life and production
   AI robot from AgileRobotsAG，a leading intelligent robotics company from Germany，helps make life and work easier.With the ability to synthesize（综合）and adjust motion tracks in real-time，the robot is a great assistant.For instance，it can aid humans in tasks like loading and unloading，polishing and quality inspection.
   Power-PROXT---a reliable stretcher bed
   Power-PROXT is an electric ambulance stretcher bed designed by Stryker Corporation from the U.S..Compared with traditional stretchers，Power-PROXT is driven by a high-speed motor that enables it to easily lift or lower a load weighing 318 kilograms within 2.4 seconds.More importantly，it can smoothly and safely lift and move，providing greater safety for patients.
   Sleeping cabin—a night guard for sound sleep
   A recent study found that more than two-thirds of surveyed university students in Brazil are experiencing poor sleep quality.The sleeping cabin made by The Dow Chemical Company from the U.S.can provide its users a better sleep.As a combination of great material and technology，the cabin can provide customers with a deeper and more refreshing sleeping experience.

（1）Which product most probably interests a factory manager？
A．Brina2.
B．AI robot.
C．Power-PROXT.
D．Sleeping cabin.
（2）What can Power-PROXT be used for？
A．Travel to work.
B．Quality control.
C．First aid.
D．Sleep improvement.
（3）Which word can best describe these products？
A．Cutting-edge.
B．Eco-friendly.
C．Cost-effective.
D．Efficiency-enhancing.

共享时间:2024-07-03 难度:2 相似度:1

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203380. （2016•西工大附中•四模） A recent study，while showing a generally positive attitude toward science，also suggests a widespread worry that it may be "running out of control"．This idea is dangerous．
   Science can be a force for evil as well as for good．Its applications can be channeled either way，depending on our decisions．The decisions we make，personally or collectively，will determine the outcomes of science．But here is a real danger．Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference．And，rather than fighting for the best possible policies，we may step back and do nothing．
   Some people go even further．They say that despite the moral and legal objections（反对），whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere，sometime．They believe that science will get out of control in the end．This belief is dangerous too，because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world．
   In our interconnected world，the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science．Without a common understanding，the challenges of "controlling" science in this century will be really tough．Take human cloning for example．Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact（影响） on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques．The outcomes are hard to predict．
   Therefore，discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies．Only through the united efforts of people with hope，can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future．

（1）What can we conclude from the recent study？
A．People think highly of science．
B．Science is getting dangerously out of control．
C．People hold mixed opinions about science．
D．Science is used for both good and bad purposes．
（2）According to the passage，what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control？
A．The development of science will hopelessly slow down．
B．The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future．
C．Businesses will have even greater influence on science．
D．People will work more actively to put science under control．
（3）The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because
A．scientists have failed to predict the outcomes
B．the ties between different areas need strengthening
C．united efforts are necessary for the development of science
D．people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Science and its applications bring us many dangers．
B．Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts．
C．The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas．
D．The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes．

共享时间:2016-04-19 难度:2 相似度:1

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203544. （2025•铁一中学•高二上期末）     Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs，or even building a bomb，suggesting that preventing such AI "jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.
    Many publicly available large language models （LLMs），such as ChatGPT，have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination，or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers—things they have learned from humans via training data.But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections，known as "jailbreaks"，making AI models disobey the rules.
    Now，Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks.They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona （角色），which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse.This process is called "persona modulation （调节）".
    Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations，and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs.By having the right conversation with a model，it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona，causing it to act differently.
    There is also an idea in AI circles，one yet to be proven，that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way.This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. "If you're forcing your model to be good persona，it somewhat understands what a bad persona is，" says Tagade.
    Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused，but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. "Like drugs，they also have side effects that need to be controlled，" she says.

（1）What does the AI jailbreak refer to？
A.The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B.The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C.The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D.The process of AI models learning new information.
（2）What can we know about the persona modulation？
A.It can help AI models understand emotions.
B.It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C.It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
D.It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
（3）What may the author suggest by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？
A.The risks of LLMs cannot be ignored.
B.We need to control the side effects of drugs.
C.It's worthwhile to explore LLMs' potential benefits.
D.We should restrict the development of LLMs.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.LLMs：Illegal Learning Models
B.LLMs：The Latest Advancement
C.AI Jailbreaks：A New Challenge
D.AI Jailbreaks：A Perfect Approach

共享时间:2025-03-01 难度:2 相似度:1

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204080. （2023•西安中学•高一上期末） If English means endless new words，difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation，you are wrong.Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language？
   According to a new study by a British university，learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter.This is the area of the brain which processes information.It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
   The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language.A team led by Dr.Andrea Mechelli，from London University，took a group of Britain people who only spoke English.They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second language before the age of five，as well as a number of later learners.
   Scanowed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language，the smaller the difference was.
   "Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language，" said the scientists.It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
   Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skill. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，" he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas."
   The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading，writing and comprehension were all tested.The resultowed that the younger they started to learn，the better. "Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world，" explained the scientists.

（1）The main subject talked about in this passage is       .
A．science on learning a second language
B．man's ability of learning a second language
C．language can help brain power
D．language learning and math study
（2）In the second paragraph，the writer mentions "exercise" in order to       .
A．say language is also a kind of physical labor
B．prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language
C．show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
（3）In the last two paragraphs，the author wants to tell us that       .
A．learning a second language is the same as studying math
B．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects
C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D．we'd better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language

共享时间:2023-02-14 难度:2 相似度:1

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203227. （2016•西安一中•一模） The following passage is adapted from the writings of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist．
   Any scientist who is not a pretender will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery．A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments（组织碎片），which were very difficult to work with，were injected into mice of different DNA strains．If we had been more experienced，we would have injected only white blood cells （which would have been easier to handle） into the mice．We now know that if we had done this，we would not have made the discovery．Obviously，we were lucky，but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident．
   It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a significant role in scientific discovery．However，I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons：we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds；but if we describe such an event as luck，what word shall we use to describe the accidental discovery of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one just on a park bench？
   The two cases are quite different．A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize．This individual has，so to speak，purchased candidacy（候选资格）for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities．So it is with scientists．A scientist is anyone who，by observations and experiments conducted，by the literature read，and even by the company kept，puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery．These individuals，by deliberate action，have enormously enlarged their awareness-their candidacy for good fortune-and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret．
   Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind，and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of effort and reflection．If these efforts lead to a discovery，then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck．

（1）The outcome of the experiment described in paragraph one suggests that
A．luck play an insignificant part in scientific discovery
B．the injection of only while blood cells allowed the two scientists to make their discovery
C．It was difficult to inject little tissue fragments into mice of different DNT strains
D．the scientists concerned in the experiment were able to benefit from luck
（2）The author uses the example of the lottery winner in order to suggest that
A．blind luck occurs more frequently than people realize
B．luck plays a more important part in most events than people realize
C．luck is not the correct term to use when referring to a significant scientific discovery
D．luck is the best word to be used to describe the accidental discovery in science
（3）The author implies that a scientist achieves " candidacy for good fortune" by
A．making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
B．depending on feelings rather than on scientific research
C．performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
D．obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
（4）The primary purpose of the passage is to
A．make a single definition of luck
B．show that scientists discover what they intend to find
C．compare scientific discovery to a lottery game
D．discuss the role of luck in science

共享时间:2016-03-06 难度:2 相似度:1

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203207. （2016•西安中学•二模） Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假设），about what is happening．Then he does an experiment to test his theory．If the results are as expected，then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct．If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected，then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test．
  In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature，but they did not always prove them by experiment．For example，the great Greek thinker Aristotle，had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects．People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong．
   Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common-sense theory：
   Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直径） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．
   Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．
   Step 3：Crumple （压皱） the paper into a tight wad （块状物）．
   Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．
   Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it．A common-sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath．Now do your experiment to see what really happens．
   If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle，the experiment gave you unexpected results．In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction．A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind （旋风） of air currents （气流） in the closed space which push the wad out．
（1）The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to show        ．
A．he was a greater thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
（2）According to the passage，what is not required in the four-step experiment？
A．A pair of scissors．
B．A piece of paper．
C．A bottle．
D．A strong breath．
（3）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Come to Nature with Scientists
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle
D．Watch Out for Common Sense．

共享时间:2016-03-22 难度:2 相似度:1

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203035. （2017•铁一中学•一模） The following passage is adapted from the writings of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist．
   Any scientist who is not a pretender will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery．A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments（组织碎片），which were very difficult to work with，were injected into mice of different DNA strains．If we had been more experienced，we would have injected only white blood cells （which would have been easier to handle） into the mice．We now know that if we had done this，we would not have made the discovery．Obviously，we were lucky，but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident．
   It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a significant role in scientific discovery．However，I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons：we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds；but if we describe such an event as luck，what word shall we use to describe the accidental discovery of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one just on a park bench？
   The two cases are quite different．A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize．This individual has，so to speak，purchased candidacy（候选资格）for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities．So it is with scientists．A scientist is anyone who，by observations and experiments conducted，by the literature read，and even by the company kept，puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery．These individuals，by deliberate action，have enormously enlarged their awareness-their candidacy for good fortune-and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret．
   Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind，and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of effort and reflection．If these efforts lead to a discovery，then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck．
（1）The outcome of the experiment described in paragraph one suggests that
A．luck play an insignificant part in scientific discovery
B．the injection of only while blood cells allowed the two scientists to make their discovery
C．It was difficult to inject little tissue fragments into mice of different DNT strains
D．the scientists concerned in the experiment were able to benefit from luck
（2）The author uses the example of the lottery winner in order to suggest that
A．blind luck occurs more frequently than people realize
B．luck plays a more important part in most events than people realize
C．luck is not the correct term to use when referring to a significant scientific discovery
D．luck is the best word to be used to describe the accidental discovery in science
（3）The author implies that a scientist achieves " candidacy for good fortune" by
A．making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
B．depending on feelings rather than on scientific research
C．performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
D．obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
（4）The primary purpose of the passage is to
A．make a single definition of luck
B．show that scientists discover what they intend to find
C．compare scientific discovery to a lottery game
D．discuss the role of luck in science

共享时间:2017-03-09 难度:2 相似度:1

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203033. （2017•铁一中学•一模） ONE day I saw a TV advertisement．A couple - she in a black dress，he in a super-stylish shirt and tie - was enjoying a candlelit （烛光的） meal accompanied by romantic music．The location？Pizza Hut．I nearly choked on my tea．
   "What？!" I laughed to my Chinese friend． "Pizza Hut is trying to be all gourmet（美食的）and fashionable？!" My friend looked confused． "But Pizza Hut is fashionable，" she said． " You go there for a special meal．"
   In China，chain restaurants-especially the big multinational ones-are cool．Going to Starbucks，for example，is a status symbol．It not only says， " I'm rich enough to buy this overpriced coffee，" but also， "I'm cosmopolitan（见多识广的）enough to be part of globalization．"
   Where I come from in the UK，however，chains are neither fashionable nor gourmet．Chains are where you go on New Year's Day when nowhere are neither fashionable nor gourmet．Chains are where you go on New Year's Day when nowhere else is open，or when you are 5 years old and your parents can't stand hearing． "I'm hungry!" any longer．In my own case（with regards to McDonald's），a chain is where you are taken on your first "date"．Even at the age of 13，I knew to give the guy the "let's just be friends" phone call the next day．
   In the UK，independent cafes and restaurants are making a comeback on the fashion scene．Nowadays，a Londoner who says "let's meet for a coffee at Monmouth" （an independent café） is much cooler than one says "let's go to Starbucks"，Even if Monmouth's coffee is a little more expensive，there's a satisfaction in knowing your pounds aren't going straight to the big corporations．
   Of course，there are chain stores all over the UK；you can't go five minutes without spotting a Costa Coffee．But numbers do not add up to good taste．I do，however，have a confession．After moving to China I had moments when all the rice and Kung Pao Chicken became too much．I，too，have retreated to McDonald's．Even so，I would never describe my Big Mac as "haute cuisine．"
（1）Many Chinese people like to go to multinational chain restaurants because        ．
A．the restaurants give customers a taste of foreign culture
B．the restaurants offer different food and drinks from other restaurants
C．they believe that eating there will show their wealth and social status
D．these restaurants are perfect places for a romantic date
（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE？
A．The author has grown tired of Chinese food．
B．Branches of Monmouth's café can be found all over the UK．
C．Most independent stores are closed on New Year's Day in the Uk．
D．It is cool in the UK to take your first date to a chain restaurant．
（3）What does the underlined word " haute cuisine" in the last paragraph mean？
A．high-class cookery
B．expensive cookers
C．delicious food
D．a fashionable tradition
（4）What is the main point of the article？
A．The difference between Chinese food and the western food．
B．The comeback of independent cafes and restaurants in the UK
C．What makes chain restaurants gourmet and fashionable both in China and the UK．
D．The different attitudes towards chain restaurants of Chinese and British people．

共享时间:2017-03-09 难度:2 相似度:1

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dygzyyyn

2025-06-06

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