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204261. （2023•长安区•高一上期末）     Widespread descriptions of animals in pop culture could actually be hurting the animals' survival chances in the wild，a new research suggests.
    Franck Courchamp of the University of Paris-Sud was interested in the idea of "appeal" （吸引力） in animals.He wanted to know：What species do people consider appealing？And what are the influences of being appealing on populations of animals in the wild？
    In a research published this month，Courchamp and other researchers list the top 20 appealing species.They deemed large mammals living on land are appealing.Coming in first place are tigers，followed by lions，elephants，giraffes，panthers，pandas，cheetahs，polar bears，wolves，and gorillas.However，at least half of the interviewees didn't realize that five of the top ten most appealing species are threatened.It is strange that we do not protect the species we care about the most.
    The study also finds that we are flooded with images of these creatures，even as they are becoming fewer in the wild.The study suggests that too much imagination might be creating a "virtual population" of the animals in people's minds，making them believe there are far more individuals in the wild than is exact.
    The study authors suggest that companies who benefit from the use of these imageould set as idea small percentage of their profits for protection efforts and informational campaigns. "That would be not only something fair，but something that could bring a win-win situation for them，" Courchamp says.It could bring them positive public relation，for example.Besides，if a company's mascot （吉祥物） goes extinct，that could hurt them from a marketing point，Courchamp says.But not enough companies are "truly concerned about the protection of the species that they work on，" he adds.

（1）The widespread descriptions of animals may         according to Paragraph 1.
A．make people aware of the necessity of wild protection
B．lead people to protect animals
C．be beneficial for both animals and humans
D．reduce the animals' survival chances
（2）What does the underlined word "deemed" mean in Paragraph 3？
A．Rescued.
B．Established.
C．Thought.
D．Disappeared.
（3）What can we know about panthers and cheetahs from the passage？
A．They are among the best liked.
B．They have a large population in the wild.
C．They have died out.
D．They are well protected.
（4）How does Courchamp list the companies' responsibilities and their advantages？
A．By doing experiments.
B．By giving examples.
C．By asking a question.
D．By listing data.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:2

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自然生态与环境保护，说明文，

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（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Widespread descriptions of animals in pop culture could actually be hurting the animals' survival chances in the wild，a new research suggests.（一项新的研究表明，流行文化中对动物的广泛描述实际上可能会损害动物在野外的生存机会。）可知，对动物的广泛描述实际上可能会损害动物在野外的生存机会。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段In a research published this month，Courchamp and other researchers list the top 20 appealing species.They deemed large mammals living on land are appealing.（在本月发表的一项研究中，Courchamp和其他研究人员列出了20种最吸引人的物种。他们生活在陆地上的大型哺乳动物很有吸引力。）可知，划线词后应为宾语从句，结合前句句意可知，他们是在说明他们的研究发现，故推测划线词为动词"认为"来说明他们的发现以及观点。A．Rescued（救助）；B．Established（建立）；C．Thought（认为）；D．Disappeared（消失）。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段They deemed large mammals living on land are appealing.Coming in first place are tigers，followed by lions，elephants，giraffes，panthers，pandas，cheetahs，polar bears，wolves，and gorillas.（他们认为生活在陆地上的大型哺乳动物很有吸引力。排在第一位的是老虎，其次是狮子、大象、长颈鹿、美洲豹、熊猫、猎豹、北极熊、狼和大猩猩。）可知，美洲豹和猎豹也在最有吸引力的动物行列里面。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"That would be not only something fair，but something that could bring a win﹣win situation for them，" Courchamp says.It could bring them positive public relation，for example.（Courchamp说："这不仅公平，而且可以为他们带来双赢的局面。"例如，它可以给他们带来积极的公共关系。）可知，Courchamp通过举例的方式列出这些公司的责任和优势。故选B。

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201846. （2024•西安一中•二模）     Once known as "the sea of death"，the Taklimakan Desert has become a driving force for green development in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.In recent years，photovoltaic （光电池的） stations have been constructed and large gardens of vegetation such as roses have appeared on the outskirts of this vast desert.This transformation has positioned （使处于） the desert as a flourishing center of sustainable development.
    Under the sun's rays，rows of PV panels （面板） that generate electricity look like a blue ocean.Tian Juxiong，head of a power station in Lop County，regularly inspects these power generation systems and monitors their daily operations on the control center's screen.This station produces 360 million kWh of electricity annually and can meet the residential electricity needs of the 25.9 million residents of Xinjiang for around 10 days.Every year，it saves approximately 110，000 tonnes of standard coal and reduces 330，000 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
    The project is also equipped with an energy storage system with a capacity of 80，000 kWh.In rainy conditions when the station cannot generate electricity，the storage facility acts as a power bank，providing energy for about two hours.Most PV and wind power stations in southern Xinjiang are equipped with storage systems to ensure a stable supply of renewable energy.
    "By May，the total installed capacity for renewable energy in Xinjiang had passed 8，400 megawatts （兆瓦） and an additional 8，259 megawatts of new energy facilities are currently under construction，" according to Ding Biwei，who is responsible for grid connect ion of new energy at State Grid's Xinjiang branch.

（1）What does the underlined word "generate" in Paragraph 2 mean？        ?
A.Produce.
B.Waste.
C.Use.
D.Store.
（2）Where do people get energy in rainy conditions？        ?
A.From wind.
B.From other places.
C.From a bank.
D.From storage facility.
（3）What can we learn from Ding Biwei's words？        ?
A.Xinjiang is rich in natural resources.
B.Xinjiang has lots of renewable energy.
C.Xinjiang will be built more beautiful.
D.Xinjiang lacks new energy facilities.
（4）Where is the text most likely from？        ?
A.A travel guide.
B.A science fiction.
C.A newspaper.
D.A textbook.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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201883. （2024•周至县•一模）     The fishermen of Senegal have joined forces to protect one of the ocean's most endangered species—the sea turtle，a classic case of "poacher turned gamekeeper".
    The coastal waters of Senegal in West Africa are home to several species of sea turtles which are all beautiful creatures but are affected by pollution，poaching and even fishing nets.
    "Once we were the biggest eaters of turtles，now we have become their biggest protectors，" said Abdou Karim Sall，a fisherman who led the Management Committee for the Marine Protected Are （MPA）of Joal-Fadiouth.
    The Joal-Fadiouth MPA，covering about 174 square kilometers，was founded in 2004，and it's upheld by the government，local authorities and several associations.It is an area aimed at protecting mar in e ecosystem，habitats and species，including endangered species like the sea turtle.Its benefits are obvious：maintaining biodiversity，increasing fish catches on fishing grounds，as well as economic development.
    For a long time，Sall has been working to raise local awareness of sea turtle protection. "Even former turtle sellers have been 'changed' by receiving three small boats to take tourists to sea，" he said.Instead of strict restrictions，the Joal-Fadiouth MPA has been trying to educate local communities about the economic benefits so that they would join the project. "It's after they are told： 'It's an endangered species'，" Sall said.
    Local residents have also set out to protect the nests.During summer and fall，a few dozen turtles may stop to lay eggs on the beaches of Joal-Fadiouth.MPA agents and village volunteers pro test their nests with fences. "People come at 6 a.m.so that other animals do not take the young." said Sall.
    Sall added the number of turtles had decreased by about 30% in the past 20 years，and chances of survival of a young turtle were no higher than one in a thousand.But the fisherman-conservator agreed， "Awareness has not worked 100%."

（1）What does the underlined word "upheld" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Hurt.
B.Ignored.
C.Supported.
D.Paused.
（2）Which of the following is the measure taken by the Joal-Fadiouth MPA to protect sea turtles？
A.Building more nests for turtles to lay eggs.
B.Placing strict restrictions to educate the communities.
C.Providing different means of transportation for turtle sellers.
D.Publicizing the economic benefits of the project.
（3）What will most probably be talked about in the following paragraph？
A.The mistakes the MPA has made.
B.The danger sea turtles still face from fishermen.
C.The argument about the Marine Protected Area.
D.The benefits brought by the Marine Protected Area.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A.Fishermen of Senegal have joined together to protect sea turtles.
B.Sea turtles in Senegal are endangered because of human activities.
C.The situation of sea turtles in Senegal has been improves significantly.
D.The Marine Protected Area has played an important role in protecting fishes.

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:2 相似度:2

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204460. （2023•莲湖区•高一下期末）     Just like a smartwatch can tell its wearers how many calories they need during exercise，data from dolphin wearables can now be used to estimate how much energy dolphins use when they swim.
    University of Michigan engineers，together with scientists at Dolphin Quest Oahu，have led the development of wearable sensors（传感器） for marine animals to monitor movement and behavior in order to improve marine preservation efforts for these animals.
    Dolphins and other sea creatures are affected by human disturbances（干扰） in their habitat，including climate change，overfishing，noise pollution from shipping，construction，oil exploration and other activities.These types of disturbances can interrupt important animal behavior like hunting for fish and socializing，but measuring the disturbance is difficult be-cause the animals live under water.
    Devices very similar to fitness trackers used by humans，known as biologging tags，are used in biology research，but estimating the energetic cos t of swimming has been challenging.Now，with the biologging tags made together with an instrument company，Michigan engineers are able to measure animal movement during thousands of strokes（划） as they swim.
    According to Alex Shorter，U-M assistant professor of mechanical engineering，their goal is to use tag data to estimate how many fish are eaten by dolphins during a day，and connect that to estimates of how much energy dolphins use during the movement required to catch those fish.That is important for preservation because they can then use their approach to estimate energetic costs when these animals are disturbed.
    In their new work，the researchers were able to develop estimates of energetic cost from tag data by working with their human and animal collaborators at Dolphin Quest Oahu.In this.unique environment，the researchers were able to conduct repeatable swimming trials over a range of speeds from multiple animals to generate the data needed to estimate how much energy the animals were using as they swam.Marine animal specialists trained the dolphins to wear the tracker during lap trials and periods of free swimming.

（1）What is the final goal of developing wearable sensors for marine animals？
A．To record the number of them.
B．To promote the protection for them.
C．To keep track of the lifestyle of them.
D．To monitor their movement and behavior.
（2）Why is it hard to measure the disturbance of dolphins？
A．Because of their habitat.
B．Because of their strange behaviors.
C．Because of too many kinds of disturbances.
D．Because of too simple measuring equipment.
（3）What is tag data used to do？
A．Learn about the way dolphins hunt.
B．Know the number of species of dolphins.
C．Make sure what kind of fish dolphins eat.
D．Figure out dolphin's probable amount of energetic costs.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．A New Device Made by Alex Shorter
B．A Smartwatch Designed for Marine Scientists
C．New Activity Trackers for Dolphin Conservation
D．A University Working with an Instrument Company

共享时间:2023-07-27 难度:2 相似度:2

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205154. （2022•西安八十九中•高一下期末） The icy waters surrounding Antarctica have long been called the Southern Ocean by scientists and the media.However，it never received the official recognition--until now.On June 8，2021，the National Geographic Society announced that from now on，there would be five oceans：the Atlantic，Pacific，Indian，Arctic，and the Southern Ocean.The Southern Ocean was not just an extension of the Pacific，Atlantic，and Indian Oceans.It had the unique characteristics required to deserve its own name.
   Unlike the other oceans，whose boundaries （边界） are defined by the surrounding continents，the extent of the Southern Ocean is determined by the Antarctic Circumpolar （ACC）—the Earth's longest and strongest ocean current.The ACC was established 34 million years ago when Antarctic broke off from South America，enabling the water to freely flow around Earth's southernmost tip.Its water is colder and less salty than the ocean waters to the south and provides a unique habitat for thousands of species.The ACC also significantly impacts Earth's climate.
   Alex Tait，a National Geographic Society geographer，says the recognition affects the Society's desire to draw public attention to protecting the Southern Ocean's unique ecosystem. "We've always labeled it，but labeled it slightly different from other oceans，" Tait explains."This change is taking the last step and saying we want to recognize it because of its ecological separation，"
   Tait believes the official recognition of the Southern Ocean will influence how children see the
world."I think one of the biggest impacts is through education，" he says."Students get information about the ocean world through what ocean they're studying.If they don't include the Southern Ocean，they can't Tearq the specifics of it and how important it is."

（1）How did the Southern Ocean get its official recognition？
A．By being recorded in books.
B．By being given new official name.
C．By being regarded as one of the five oceans.
D．By being admitted by the international media
（2）What does Alex Tait think of the Southern Ocean getting its new identity？
A．It will cause great changes in the global ecosytemn.
B．It will greatly impact Earth's climate.
C．It will help protect the species in Antaptica.
D．It will make the ocean better known.
（3）What is the best title of the passage？
A．People now truly care about the oceans.
B．Earth now officially has five oceans.
C．The features of the Southern Ocean.
D．The impact of the Southern Ocean.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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204440. （2023•临潼区•高一下期末）     Any 25th birthday is a cause for celebration.But it was even more so for Janus，a two-headed Greek tortoise（龟）.Living in the Natural History Museum of Geneva，Switzerland，Janus is now believed to be the world's oldest two-headed tortoise.The museum celebrated the special occasion with a day-long party filled with fun events，which included taking photos with the birthday"boy".
    In the wild，Greek tortoises can live up to two hundred years in their natural habitat.However，two-headed tortoises，like Janus，usually do not survive for that long.Unlike nor-mal tortoises，they are unable to take back their two heads into their shell，making them high-ly easy to be attacked.
    Janus，who has spent his entire life in the museum，faces no such danger.But life is not without challenges for the two-headed tortoise who also has two hearts and two pair s of lungs.Each head controls the front and back legs on its side of the body.The right head is more curious and more awake.The left head is more passive and loves to eat.This can lead to confusion when the two heads decide to go in different directions.To make matters worse，the two heads frequently rub against each other，resulting in skin sores（溃疡）.Janus also has a hard time rolling back onto his feet when he accidentally turns over.If left on their backs for too long，tortoises can get sunburned，dehydrated （脱水的） and even die.
    Fortunately，Janus has a special caregiver，Angelica Bourgoin，to make sure he lives along and healthy life.The tortoise receives a daily massage and is bathed in green tea and flower water.He eats a special diet of organic fruits and vegetables，keeps active with walks，and rides on his custom skateboard.With such loving care，the two-headed tortoise will surely continue to break many more records for long life.

（1）Why is it hard for two-headed tortoises to survive in the wild？
A．They can't avoid biting each other.
B．They can't find enough food to eat.
C．They can't hide from their enemies.
D．They can't run as fast as normal ones.
（2）Where was Janus born？
A．In the museum.
B．In a pet store.
C．In the ocean.
D．In Bourgoin's home.
（3）What will be Janus's biggest threat if he's left alone on its back？
A．Different decisions.
B．Two halves of body.
C．The pain on his skin.
D．The death of thirst.
（4）Which of the following can best describe Janus's life？
A．Free.
B．Easy.
C．Boring.
D．Tough.

共享时间:2023-07-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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204422. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期末） As the climate warms，birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing，according to a new study.Researchers analyzed 70，716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years.The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
   "We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks，an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
   "The species were pretty diverse，but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency waocking."
   He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events，like migration and birth.But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
   "That's one major implication，" he said， "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration."
   The findingowed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%.Over the same time，the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
   The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size，which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
   "Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，" Mr.Weeks said，explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
   He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
   The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off，losing body heat more quickly.

（1）What's the best title for the text？
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
（2）What made Brian Weeks feel astonished？
A．It took 40 years to collect 70，716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
（3）What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean？
A．Tiring.
B．Important
C．Easy.
D．Pleasant
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202520. （2021•西安中学•二模） Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day and both total body fat percentage and abdominal or trunk fat.
   They found that women aged 20---40 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest level of obesity，3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee.Among women aged between 45-69，those who drank four or more cups had an obesity percentage 4.1% lower.
   Overall，the average total body fat percentage was 2.8% lower among women of all ages who drank two or three cups of coffee per day.
   The findings were consistent whether the coffee consumed was caffeinated（含咖啡因的）or decaffinated and among smokers/non-smokers and those suffering from chronic diseases（慢性病） when compared to those in good health.
   In men，the relationship was less significant although men aged 20-44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.3% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who didn't consume coffee.
   Around 7 million tons of coffee is consumed globally every year.Dr.Lee Smith，senior author of the study，said： "Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weight and which could potentially be used as anti-obesity compounds."
   "It could be possible that coffee，or its effective ingredients could be integrated into a healthy diet strategy to reduce the burden of chronic conditions related to the obesity，" Dr.Lee Smith added. "It's important to interpret the findings of this study in light of its limitations - the study was at a specific point in time so trends cannot be established.However，we don't believe that someone's weight is likely to influence their coffee consumption."

（1）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Coffee has less effect on men than women in fat according to the findings.
B．The women aged 20-44 like to drink two or three cups of coffee per day.
C．The researchers found that the coffee consumers preferred caffeinated coffee.
D．Trends will be established to limit people's weight by their coffee consumption.
（2）What in coffee mainly influences body fat according to Dr.Lee Smith？
A．The caffeine.
B．The decaffeinated.
C．The effective compounds.
D．The rich nutrition.
（3）What might the study be used for？
A．Developing a new coffee.
B．The treatment of obesity.
C．The treatment of heart disease.
D．The study of physical differences between the sexes.
（4）Where is this text most likely from？
A．A diary.
B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.
D．A magazine.

共享时间:2021-03-16 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202501. （2021•西安中学•一模） Free school meals are back in the news.Footballer Marcus Rashford's petition（请愿书） to extend free school meals provision （供给） into the school holidays has collected 1.1 million signatures，causing the government to reverse policy.It has restarted the debate over free school meals，fuelled，most recently，by figures forecasting that if the government ends as planned the current ￡20 top-up（附加款），another 200，000 children will slip into poverty.This is in addition to the 550，000 children already living in poverty previous to COVID-19.
   The roots of the current school meals system lie in the mid-19th century.In Manchester，independent charities as well as official bodies started to provide free meals for undernourished children in the 1870s.When education became compulsory in the following decades，the extent of the issue became apparent.Proponents of feeding starving children pointed out that it was due to government order that children were in school，not working and contributing to the family food budget，so the government should pay.
   Reception was mixed.Then，as now，children rejected foods they weren't used to.Diaries of the time talked of "little bags of mystery" （sausages）.Some children were put off brassicas （芥菜类） for life.Finding the balance between cheap and good proved hard.The chief medical officer talked about the lack in calorie value and elements of a well-balanced diet which a needy child does not get at home，such as milk，cheese，eggs，green vegetables，fruit and meat.In 1980，the Tory government，desperate to cut costs，made provision largely optional and abolished nutritional standards.Over the next 15 years convenience and cost became the most important.
   Today，school meals provision is linked to benefits：in England around 17 percent of children are entitled to free school meals.Provision is outsourced （外包），leading to huge variation.In the last year，we've seen all of the age-old debates repeated once more.How do we decide who is entitled？How do we guarantee quality？Who decides what children eat？Who pays？Undernutrition does not just have physical effects，but also affects behavior and ability to learn.It has a lifelong impact.The arguments around free school meals seem never to end.But they are hugely important and，until poverty is ended，they will not and should not go away.

（1）Why did Marcus Rashford start the petition？
A．To feed an increasing number of children in poverty.
B．To restart the debate over free school meals.
C．To raise fund for hunger relief for children.
D．To lift children out of poverty.
（2）What does the paragraph 2 probably talk about？
A．Manchester and independent charities set up school free meals.
B．It was government that should pay for the school meals.
C．How did the current school meals system come into existence？
D．It was compulsory education that contributed to free school meals.
（3）What can we infer about school meals from paragraph 3？
A．Some children liked brassicas provided in the school.
B．School meals were both tasty and cheap.
C．School meals failed to meet children's nutritional needs.
D．The Tory government chose nutrition over cost.
（4）What does the writer think of the debates over free school meals？
A．Never-ending.
B．Meaningless.
C．Influential.
D．Necessary.

共享时间:2021-03-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204942. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016，accounting for nearly one in ten deaths，according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018. "It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health，" said Sadie Boniface，head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies.While there is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking，with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health，according to a recent study.
   In the observational study，researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25，000 people in the UK，and their brain scans.The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter—regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed，" according to lead author Anya Topiwala，a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
   "The more people drank，the less the volume of their gray matter，" Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia （痴呆）.Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing，" she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this （0.8%），it was a greater contribution than other 'changeable' risk factors，" she said，explaining that changeable risk factors are "ones you can do something about，in contrast to aging."
   The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns，beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking—meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it.They also found no evidence that the type of drink—such as wine，spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain.
   However，certain characteristics，such as high blood pressure or obesity，could put people at higher risk，researchers added.So we shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks.

（1）How was the observational study developed？
A．By comparing brain and health.
B．By comparing people and the researchers.
C．By comparing information and gray matter.
D．By comparing alcohol intake and brain scans.
（2）What is the result of the research？
A．Drinking wine have no impact on brain.
B．Drinking spirits have more impact on brain.
C．Drinking alcohol can cause reducing of brain volume.
D．Drinking alcohol can lead to obesity.
（3）Which of the following groups has a higher risk when drinking alcohol？
A．People drinking more types.
B．People with high blood pressure.
C．People selling the wine.
D．People with diabetes.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？
A．Stay Away From Alcohol.
B．Lack of Sleep.
C．Consumer Health.
D．Keep-fit Exercise.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202388. （2021•西安中学•十模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have turned ordinary sheets of wood into transparent material that is nearly as clear as glass，but stronger and with better insulating properties（隔热性）.It could become an energy efficient building material in the future.
   Wood is made of two basic ingredients：cellulose，which are tiny fibres，and lignin （木质素），which is a glue-like material that bonds the fibres together to give it strength.The lignin also contains molecules called chromophores，which give the wood its brown color and prevent light from passing through.
   Early attempts to make transparent wood involved removing the lignin，but this involved harmful chemicals，high temperatures and a lot of time，making the product expensive and somewhat fragile.The new technique is so cheap and easy that it could literally be done in a backyard.
   Starting with pieces of wood a meter long and one millimeter thick，the scientists simply brushed on a solution（溶液）of hydrogen peroxide using an ordinary paint brush.When left in the sun，or under a UV lamp for an hour or so，the peroxide remove color from the brown chromophores but left the lignin undamaged，so the wood turned white.Next，they filled the wood with a tough transparent epoxy，which filled in the spaces in the wood and then hardened.This made the white wood transparent.
   As window material，it would be much more resistant to accidental breakage.The clear wood is lighter than glass，with better insulating properties，which is important because windows are a major source of heat loss in buildings.It also might take less energy to produce clear wood because there are no high temperatures involved.
   Transparent wood could become an alternative to glass in energy efficient buildings，or perhaps coverings for solar panels in harsh environments.There could be no end of uses.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of wood strength.
B．The characteristics of wood.
C．The causes of wood color.
D．The structure of wood.
（2）How did the researchers make wood transparent in the past？
A．By removing the lignin.
B．By reducing chemicals.
C．By lowering the temperature.
D．By changing the experiment site.
（3）What is the function of the epoxy？
A．To make the wood stronger.
B．To take away the brown color.
C．To turn the wood transparent.
D．To fill the spaces in the wood.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Replacing Glass with Wood
B．Turning Wood Transparent
C．Energy Saving Material
D．Eco-friendly Alternative

共享时间:2021-07-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202368. （2021•西安中学•四模） Sure，chocolate is a delicious treat，and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts.But it's not a health food，so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right？
   Well，it turns out that eating chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit.According to research conducted by five scientists in Italy，compounds found in chocolate，called flavanols，can help boost cognitive （认知的） performance.Yup，chocolate's good for your brain.
   The scientists，studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila，summarized research from ten different studies.The studies assessed people's performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate.The results were pretty telling：in nine out of the ten studies，there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate.The scientists found improvements in "general cognition，attention，processing speed and working memory." Sounds pretty good to us!
   And that's not all.In subjects，especially women，who performed the tests while sleep-deprived，the flavanols helped relieve the negative effects of the sleep deprivation.And there's even more good news.The researchers also found that eating chocolate daily （over periods ranging from five days to three months） produced noticeable long-term improvements in cognition.Older adults，whose memories were already declining，saw an especially significant improvement.
   All chocolate has flavanols，since they occur naturally in cocoa.However，dark chocolate lovers feel happy，because it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate.In fact，the scientists themselves have claimed that，after doing this research，they've started eating dark chocolate every day!
   Now，we're not saying you should start eating chocolate for breakfast，lunch and dinner - it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients.But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night，snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic.

（1）What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．As much as possible.
B．For three meals.
C．In right amount.
D．Not in the least
（2）How does a student perform while learning after eating chocolate？
A．He memorizes less than before.
B．He can't concentrate on lessons in the slightest.
C．He becomes more excited.
D．He understands what the teacher says faster.
（3）According to the passage，if your memory fails，what should you do？
A．Eat chocolate as three meals.
B．Use chocolate as a daily snack.
C．Hunt for dark chocolate.
D．Ask a doctor for advice.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．Chocolate is a beneficial but unhealthy food.
B．Eating chocolate benefits our learning.
C．Eating chocolate works on your sleep.
D．Chocolate contains low nutrients.

共享时间:2021-04-22 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204961. （2022•阎良区•高二上期末） What makes a human being？Is it our thoughts？Our emotions？Our behavior？All of these things make us who we are，but at the center of the matter is the genome（基因组）-the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence.But if we could change our genome，what would it mean to us？
   In an online video posted on Nov 26，He Jiankui，a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China，said that he had helped to make the world's first genetically edited babies.
   These are twin girls，born in November，with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection with the AIDS virus.
   He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China. "I feel such a strong responsibility that it's not just to make a first，but also to set an example，" he told the Associated Press（AP）.
   The announcement has caused an international storm.Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients.Considering that HIV is "a major and growing public health threat，" attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable，Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
   However，others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
   "Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations（突变），causing genetic problems early and later in life，including the development of cancer，" Julian Savuleseu，a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford，told BBC News.
   Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies.It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby's eye color to intelligence.
   "You could find wealthy parents buying the latest upgrades for their children，leading to even greater inequality than we already live with，" Marcy Darnovsky，director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics，told BBC News.

（1）Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies？
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to become the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
（2）What does the underlined word "justifiable" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Absurd.
B．Hopeless.
C．Skilful.
D．Acceptable.
（3）For those who are against gene editing technology，their reasons are as follows EXCEPT        .
A．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person's body
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．Gene Editing：The Genie in the Bottle.
B．Gene Editing：The Way We Should Go.
C．Gene Editing：Hope or Fear for Human Beings.
D．Gene Editing：A Great Success in Human History.

共享时间:2022-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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206073. （2016•七十中•高二下期末） No one can change the weather．Nobody can control the weather．But if we read correctly the signs around us，we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be．This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting．
For many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting．Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain．That many people feel their joints（关节） hurt is a sign of wet weather．Some birds fly high if the weather is fine，but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way．If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．Such rainbows come in the evening．If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue．If a fog appears in the morning just above a river，then the day will be warm．If the sunset is mostly red in color，then the following day will be fine．If a rainbow appears in the morning，rainy weather will probably come．
Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting．
（1）Which is true about weather forecasting？
A．Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like．
B．Weather forecasting is a report about the weather．
C．Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain．
D．People can change the weather forecasting．
（2）Which of the following can be used here to replace the underlined phrase"on the way"？
A．continuing
B．reducing．
C．coming．
D．disappearing．
（3）Which of the following signs can tell the weather will probably be rainy？
A．Some birds fly high．
B．A rainbow appears in the morning．
C．The sunset is mostly red in color．
D．Fogs appear in the morning just above a river．
（4）The best title of the passage is       ．
A．Weather forecasting plays an important role in our life
B．Weather forecasting can bring people some signs of weather
C．Weather is forecasted only by eyes and brains．
D．People can predict weather by experience in daily life．

共享时间:2016-07-21 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204497. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末） Fast walkers may live longer than dawdlers （缓慢的人）— regardless of their weight，a new study suggests.
    Researchers at Leicester University analyzed data on 474，919 people with an average age of 52 in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2016.They found women who walked briskly had a life expectancy of 86.7 to 87.8 years old，and men who kept up the pace had a life expectancy of 85.2 to 86.8.Slow walkers hadn't much encouraging prospects （前景）：women had a life expectancy of 72.4，and men of 64.8 years old，if they were more leisurely in their movements.According to the paper，published last week，that ratio held true even if the fast walkers were severely overweight.It does not necessarily mean fast walkers will live longer.Experts say it suggests walking speed could be a simple way for doctors to judge their patients' general health alongside other tests.
   It is hardly the first study holding up walking speed as a powerful evidence that appears to improve and determine our health.
   In 2011，the Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA） published a study by Stephanie Studenski，who found the same：walking speed was a reliable predictor of life expectancy.
   In 2013，US researchers found walking pace was linked to lower heart disease risk and longer life expectancy.In 2018，a study from the University of Sydney found picking up your walking pace to even an "average speed" could cut your risk of premature death by a fifth.
   And Tom Yates，the physical activity professor at Leicester who's behind the latest study，has been publishing findings on this connection for years.
   In 2017，he analyzed the same UK Biobank data and found walking speed appeared to affect the risk of dying from heart disease — concluding that the slowest walkers were twice as likely to suffer a heart-related death compared to quick walkers.

（1）What does the underlined word "briskly" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．Casually.
B．Quickly.
C．Actively.
D．Energetically.
（2）What does the paper published last week show？
A．Most fast walkers are overweight.
B．Fast walkers have a simple way of living.
C．Walking speed can help doctors know about their patients' general health.
D．Doctors will surely have better ways to cure their patients of their illness.
（3）What did US researchers find？
A．Walking slowly is bad for people's health.
B．Walking speed can predict a person's life expectancy.
C．People won't die early by increasing their walking pace.
D．Lower heart disease risk is determined partly by walking pace.
（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．Fast Walkers May Have a Long Life Expectancy
B．Life Expectancy Is Determined by Exercise
C．Researchers Try to Improve Life Expectancy
D．The Public Doubt Researches on Walking Speed

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2023-02-10

高中英语 | 高一上 | 阅读理解

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