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203304. （2016•西工大附中•十模） Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started．Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country．In fact，according to an official report on youth violence，"In our country today，the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence"．Given that this is the case，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit？
First of all，students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable．A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult （侮辱）．For example，a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime．Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults，which in turn can lead to
violence．The problem isn't in the sandwich，but in the way students deal with the conflict．
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable，they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution （解决）：stay calm．Once the student feels calmer，he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well．Rude words，name-calling，and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire．On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control．
After both sides have calmed down，they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution：listening．Listening allows the two sides to understand each other．One person should describe his or her side，and the other person should listen without interrupting．Afterward，the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position．Then the two people should change roles．
Finally，students need to consider what they are hearing．This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person．It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish．For example，a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things．Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start？What do I really want？What am I afraid of？As the issue becomes clearer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller．Even if it doesn't，careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution．
There will always be conflict in schools，but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence．After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program，according to Educators for Social Responsibility，"64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom；75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation；and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves"．
Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends，teachers，parents，bosses，and coworkers．In that way，conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country．
（1）This article is mainly about        ．
A．the lives of school children
B．the cause of arguments in schools
C．how to analyze youth violence
D．how to deal with school conflicts
（2）From Paragraph 2 we can learn that        ．
A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B．a small conflict can lead to violence
C．students tend to lose their temper easily
D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
（3）Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5？
A．To find out who is to blame．
B．To get ready to try new things．
C．To make clear what the real issue is．
D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match．
（4）After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta，it was found that        ．
A．there was a decrease in classroom violence
B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved．

共享时间:2016-07-03 难度:2

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教育，说明文，

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（1）D 主旨大意题．文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the ease，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive ears，or stay physically fit？为什么学生们不学会像处理其它问题一样处理冲突呢？最后一段说conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country我们要在所有学校教育学生如何解决冲突．故选D．
（2）B 推理判断题．文章第二段说A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult绝大多数校园暴力都是很小的侮辱引发的．故选B．
（3）C 细节理解题．文章第五段说Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start？What do I really want？What am I afraid of？As the issue becomes clearer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller学生要多问自己到底有什么大不了的事，非要发生冲突不可．问题搞清楚了，冲突加小多了．故选C．
（4）A 细节理解题．倒数第二段说64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom；75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation；and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves报告显示校园暴力明显减少．故选A．

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204335. （2023•未央区•高二上期末）     The arts，especially music，should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level.Students will be much smarter if they have some musical experience.They could improve their classroom skills，like paying attention and following directions.People develop all these skills when they learn music.Making music also lets children use their imagination.It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.
    Music not only makes children better students，but also gives them something positive to do.In a music program，children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang （一群可能肇事的年轻人）.Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen.In a school band，students get to be part of a team.They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.
    Music builds self-confidence，too.It gives children a sense of achievement and success.Making music is something for them to be proud of，and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience.Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression，and that helps develop their self-confidence.
    In a word，music is important because it can make children better students，give them something positive to do，and build their character.That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.

（1）According to the passage，music could make students smarter by        .
A．improving their classroom skills
B．improving their classroom skills and imagination
C．improving their attention and imagination
D．improving their skills of making achievements
（2）What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean？
A．Unwilling to turn on.
B．Always looking at.
C．Unwilling to watch.
D．Always playing.
（3）What does the third paragraph mainly tells us？
A．Music could give children self-expression and self-confidence.
B．Music could bring children achievement and success.
C．Music could give children something to be proud of.
D．Music could develop children's self-confidence.
（4）What's the best title of this passage？
A．Music is a must as a course at school
B．Music builds children's self-confidence
C．Music makes students much smarter
D．Learning music and making music are both important

共享时间:2023-02-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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204260. （2023•长安区•高一上期末）     Math anxiety is far from uncommon，but too often，those who fear the subject simply avoid it.Research from the University of Chicago offers evidence for the link between math anxiety and avoidance.
    Studying nearly 500 adults through a computer program called the Choose-And-Solve Task （CAST），the researchers gave participants （参加者） a choice between math and word problems labeled "easy" and "hard".The easy problems were always worth two cents，while the hard problems were worth up to six cents.They also informed participants the computer task would change the questions in the process of testing based on their abilities，enabling them to handle about 70% of the hard problems.
    Although participants attempted hard word problems when promised higher monetary prizes，they rarely chose to do the same for math problems. "We found we couldn't even pay math-anxious individuals to do difficult math problems，" researcher Rozek says.
    The findings also contradict a widely held belief that feeling anxious about math and avoiding math-related problems is rooted in being bad at math. "If you take two students good at math，the math-anxious one will do worse at math than the one that isn't anxious."
    Such a mentality does more than stopping people from taking calculus courses or pursuing a career in STEM.It can affect everyday interactions with math-like leaving a tip in a restaurant.But all is not lost. "Reframing their anxiety from negative to positive could help math-anxious people re-engage.Giving those anxious about sitting exams guidance may lead them to perform better.Telling them if you're anxious，this is your body getting you ready to perform and focus，" Rozek says. "Another path may be to create early positive experiences around math.For example，telling stories featuring math and tackling problems around the story may be helpful." he adds.

（1）What does the University of Chicago offer evidence for？
A．The advantages of math anxiety.
B．The link between math anxiety and avoidance.
C．The importance of math.
D．The link between anxiety and study.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．How the study was organized.
B．Why people chose easy problems.
C．Who participated in the study.
D．What the result was.
（3）What is a common misunderstanding about math anxiety according to Paragraph 4？
A．Math anxiety is the cause of math avoidance.
B．Math anxiety causes people to be bored of math.
C．Math anxiety is a complex phenomenon in life.
D．Math anxiety results from poor math performance.
（4）Which of the following statements will Rozek agree with？
A．Reframing math anxiety from negative to positive is impossible.
B．People with math anxiety should pay attention to math less.
C．People can deal with math anxiety through proper ways.
D．People with math anxiety won't perform better.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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205208. （2021•长安区一中•高一上期末） What you do after studying could play a big part in how well you learn and remember.Today on Education Tips，we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning：wakeful rest and sleep.
   When many students finish studying，they often go straight to another activity.Perhaps they look at their phone or computer.They might even play a video game or watch television.But research suggests that resting after your study may help you remember what you have studied.
     The basic idea is this：by stopping your activity after the study，your brain gets a chance to rest.Resting is difficult when you are playing computer games.
   While this might sound unusual to you，many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning---which is called "wakeful rest".
   A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember information they learned after doing wakeful rest.
   If you want to give "wakeful rest" a try，here are a few simple things to do.Rest quietly for five to ten minutes.Do not look at your phone，read stories or play games.It is really that easy!
   Besides wakeful rest，sleep is also important for learning.The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School （HMS） notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways.A report on the school's website explains that "a sleep-deprived（剥夺）person cannot focus attention well and therefore cannot learn well".It also says，"Sleep itself helps us to memorize and that memorizing is very important for learning new information. "
   The National Sleep Foundation（NSF）suggests that adults between the ages of 20 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day.Teenagers may need a little bit more，and people over the age of 65 may need a little less.
   Try to get some "wakeful rest" after a study.Then try to get a good night's sleep.That's it---a simple，no-cost way to help you remember what you learn.

（1）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．The importance of sleep.
B．The good ways to get a rest.
C．The reason for having a rest.
D．The types of resting activities.
（2）Which activity might be recommended shortly after studying？
A．Reading a newspaper.
B．Playing a video game.
C．Sitting there doing nothing.
D．Having a nice sleep at night.
（3）How long should teenagers sleep each day according to NSF？
A．Less than 7 hours.
B．Just 7 hours.
C．No more than 9 hours.
D．Around 9 hours.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Low-cost Tips on Working
B．What to Do After Your Study
C．Why Do We Need to Have a Good Sleep？
D．How Long Should We Rest After Learning？

共享时间:2021-02-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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201922. （2024•临潼区•二模）     For lots of kids，toddlerhood（幼儿期）is an important time for friendship.Studieow that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships，the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults.Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors，such as kindness，sharing，and cooperation.
    Even so，how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament.Some toddles are very social，but others are shy.In addition，the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying "I like you" during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
    This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate，they may still grab his toys，refuse to share，and get bossy.But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age.Through play experiences，toddlers learn social rules.That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines，explain the reasons behind them.
    Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （"Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？"），then suggest how he could resolve the problem（"Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball."）.When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心）toward a friend，praise him（"Ben stopped crying!You made him feel better."）.
    Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel.It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime.Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry，so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.

（1）What does the underlined word "temperament" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Appearances.
B.Ages.
C.Characters.
D.Interests.
（2）What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior？
A.They are fond of their playmates.
B.They are interested in acting.
C.They are shy with the strangers.
D.They are tired of playing games.
（3）What does the author suggest parents do for their kids？
A.Find them suitable playmates.
B.Design games for them.
C.Play together with them.
D.Help them understand social rules.
（4）What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4？
A.Explaining concepts.
B.Giving examples.
C.Providing evidence.
D.Making comparisons.

共享时间:2024-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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201969. （2023•长安区•一模） As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education，so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population.Ideally，both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
   High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might，or than many other nations currently offer，creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not，or have a clear sense of purpose or interest，and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
   We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training，as well as the development of a work ethic（美德） and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development.I recommend Harvard's 2011"Pathways to Prosperity"report for more attention to the"forgotten half"（those who do not go on to college） and ideas about how to address this issue.
   Simultaneously，the liberal arts become more important than ever.In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet，the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
   Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech，knowing how to find information，and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles，and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
   Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated（恶化） by parental involvement in the college years.Given the rising investment in college education，parental concern is not surprising，but learning where and when to intervene will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

（1）What kind of education does the author think is ideal？
A．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
B．It benefits the great majority of the general population.
C．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
（2）What does the author say is the problem with present high school education？
A．Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.
B．Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C．Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.
D．Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.
（3）What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage？
A．Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
B．New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
C．People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.
D．Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.
（4）What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on？
A．Practical skills urgently needed in current society.
B．Solid background knowledge in a particular field.
C．Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.
D．Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.

共享时间:2023-03-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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205621. （2019•蓝田县•高二下期末） As an oceanographer（海洋学家），I've spent many years developing robots to explore the ocean，and now we're putting that technology to use in our JASON Project，a program that's designed to inspire students and get them interested in science，technology，engineering and mathematics．In theaters throughout the country，we bring kids together and send back to them on large screens our live explorations of large areas of the globe．Not only are the kids observers，but they can operate robots moving across the area while broadcasting images back to them．The kids have the sensation（感受）of really being at the site with us．
   I believe advances in robot technology will one day be the key to a new kind of travel．In the next 10 or 15 years，people will have rooms in their houses that will be able to simulate（模拟） other environment．I like to call this rooms "home domes"-small theaters with screens and advanced equipment that can reproduce the sights，sounds，smells，and feel of a desert or a forest．Hand in hand with these rooms，I can see a market for travel robots located in countries around the world．You could rent（租） a robot working in a rain forest，then go into your home dome，where you yourself operate the robot's movements．The equipment in the room will receive the sensations in the robot's environment and simulate them for you．
   Today，much of the world's population never travels more than 50 or 60 miles from home．And even a person with enough time can see only a part of the earth's sights．But this new way of travel will cost so much less in both time and money and allow people to see a lot more of the globe．And simulated travel will also help protect our planet．You can't take large groups of tourists to look at Dian Fossey's gorillas （大猩猩）．But a small robot，with no animal smell，can get very close to a gorilla and send the sights，sounds，and smells back to a million people．

（1）The main purpose of the JASON Project is to        ．
A．design robots
B．educate children
C．explore the world
D．improve technology
（2）Without going outside，people in "home domes" can        ．
A．get very close to nature
B．enjoy a guided trip
C．develop and operate robots
D．send images back to scientists
（3）What's the author's attitude towards the future of robot technology？
A．Uncaring．
B．Doubtful．
C．Hopeful．
D．Dissatisfied．
（4）According to the text，simulated travel        ．
A．has been widely accepted
B．costs lots of time and money
C．is harmful to the environment
D．is time-and money-saving

共享时间:2019-07-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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203322. （2016•西工大附中•七模） The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby．Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother．During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk．After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on"mother"-the real mother or the mother-substitute．
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby．The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes-one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire．If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother．However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites．Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother．
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is．Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can．Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body．Wire doesn't"rub"as well as does soft cloth．Prolonged （长时间的）"contact comfort"with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk．
According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust．If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be．It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball．If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life．After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure．It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well．Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its"mother．"
（1）Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two
weeks of its life？

A．Warmth

B．Milk

C．Contact

D．Trust

（2）After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to
the wire mother because the former is ．

A．larger in size	B．closer to them
C．less frightening and less disturbing D．more comfortable to rub against

（3）It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，．
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ．
A．give the reasons for the experiment
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment．

共享时间:2016-06-04 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202282. （2022•西工大附中•七模） Innovation has pretty much finished with car tires （轮胎） right，I mean，what's left to change？How about the whole "air" part？
   Michelin Company's attempt to tackle tire rubbish around the world witnessed them roll out puncture-proof "airless" tires，which they say should help reduce the 18% of all world tires that are abandoned early due to punctures （轮胎漏气）.Deserted tires are a huge worldwide waste problem—the U.S.produces 260 million abandoned tires per year，many of which end up in landfills or on the sides of the freeway where they release harmful gases and micro-plastic pollutants as they break down.
   Michelin Company's Unique Puncture Proof Tire System or "UPTIS" is designed using 46% recycled material，and made from a plastic matrix （母体） mixed with glass fibers that provide a flexible outer layer with a strong inner one. "The truly distinctive structure of the Michelin UPTIS prototype（原型），or its "strangeness" as we have often heard it called，really attracted the eye of many visitors and left a lasting impression on them，" stated Cyrille Roget，Michelin Group Technical and Scientific Communications Director. "It was an unusual experience for us，and our greatest satisfaction came at the end of the demonstration when our passengers，who were undoubtedly a little alert（警觉）at first，said they felt no difference compared with conventional tires."
   Michelin Company believes airless tires will improve everyone's lives.Maintenance （保养） costs for company's vehicle fleets will be less expensive，and inexperienced car owners won't accidentally ruin their rubbers when driving them because they are over-or under-inflated（充气）.Although they are still in development stage and using at a large scale within years is unlikely to be available，Michelin Company is not in the least doubtful about their tires' future.

（1）Why does the author ask questions in the first paragraph？
A．To explain a strange phenomenon.
B．To clarify a difficult concept.
C．To present a well-known fact.
D．To introduce a new topic.
（2）What is the main idea of the second paragraph？
A．The new tire runs more smoothly.
B．The world greatly needs airless tires.
C．Traditional tires threaten the environment.
D．Michelin Company battles the issue of wasted tires.
（3）What do we know about "UPTIS"？
A．Its structure distances visitors.
B．It only uses recycled materials.
C．It combines plastic and glass fibers.
D．Its comfortableness beats ordinary tires.
（4）What's Michelin Company's attitude towards their new tires？
A．Tolerant.
B．Positive.
C．Mixed.
D．Objective.

共享时间:2022-06-09 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205060. （2022•蓝田县•高一下期末） Precision（精确）agriculture is a method of growing crops.Farmers use technology to collect very precise or exact measurements about their land.It tells farmers how they planted seeds，used fertilizers and chemical pesticides，and so on.Farm equipment can plant different amounts of seeds and leave different amounts of fertilizer in different parts of a field.Water measuring equipment can tell farmers how much water their plants are getting.
   But some of this technology is too costly for small farmers，especially in developing countries.Ranveer Chandra，the Microsoft researcher from India，is working to develop low-cost，high-tech tools for farmers.He developed a system that connects soil sensors to other sensing equipment through unused television（TV）channels.These unused TV signals，known as "white space" frequencies（频率），can provide Internet connection over long distances.Some hospitals and schools in rural areas are already online with white-space connections，Chandra noted.
   Each soil sensor provides information about conditions on the farm.To connect all the areas into a big picture，a drone aircraft takes photographs from high in the air.Artificial intelligence（AI）compares these photos to the sensor data.AI then can create maps of where the soil is too acidic or needs more water.Similar technology can also help farmers watch their animals.Video cameras connected to computers and linked to the Internet can help farmers recognize sick cattle，for example.
   However，the level and speed at which new farming skills and technologies will spread remains unclear.Bruce Erickson is a precision farming expert at Purdue University in Indiana.He told the CSA the one problem faced by any new farming technology is getting people to use it with their existing methods.Different countries have different farming methods and different ways of doing business. "It takes people to carry out new farming practices，" Erickson said.

（1）How is paragraph1 mainly developed？
A．By following the order of space.
B．By giving specific examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By analyzing causes.
（2）What did Ranveer Chandra research？
A．How to design AI for making maps.
B．How to profit from the unused TV signals.
C．How to develop a drone aircraft for farming.
D．How to lower the cost of farming technology.
（3）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．The future of artificial intelligence.
B．The process of using white-space connections.
C．The practical application in precision agriculture.
D．The achievement in designing high-tech farming tools.
（4）What can we infer about the future of precision agriculture from the last paragraph？
A．It needs time to be readily accepted by modern farmers.
B．It depends on the development of new farming technology.
C．It will revolutionize the traditional farming.
D．It has to gain support from agricultural experts.

共享时间:2022-07-23 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202501. （2021•西安中学•一模） Free school meals are back in the news.Footballer Marcus Rashford's petition（请愿书） to extend free school meals provision （供给） into the school holidays has collected 1.1 million signatures，causing the government to reverse policy.It has restarted the debate over free school meals，fuelled，most recently，by figures forecasting that if the government ends as planned the current ￡20 top-up（附加款），another 200，000 children will slip into poverty.This is in addition to the 550，000 children already living in poverty previous to COVID-19.
   The roots of the current school meals system lie in the mid-19th century.In Manchester，independent charities as well as official bodies started to provide free meals for undernourished children in the 1870s.When education became compulsory in the following decades，the extent of the issue became apparent.Proponents of feeding starving children pointed out that it was due to government order that children were in school，not working and contributing to the family food budget，so the government should pay.
   Reception was mixed.Then，as now，children rejected foods they weren't used to.Diaries of the time talked of "little bags of mystery" （sausages）.Some children were put off brassicas （芥菜类） for life.Finding the balance between cheap and good proved hard.The chief medical officer talked about the lack in calorie value and elements of a well-balanced diet which a needy child does not get at home，such as milk，cheese，eggs，green vegetables，fruit and meat.In 1980，the Tory government，desperate to cut costs，made provision largely optional and abolished nutritional standards.Over the next 15 years convenience and cost became the most important.
   Today，school meals provision is linked to benefits：in England around 17 percent of children are entitled to free school meals.Provision is outsourced （外包），leading to huge variation.In the last year，we've seen all of the age-old debates repeated once more.How do we decide who is entitled？How do we guarantee quality？Who decides what children eat？Who pays？Undernutrition does not just have physical effects，but also affects behavior and ability to learn.It has a lifelong impact.The arguments around free school meals seem never to end.But they are hugely important and，until poverty is ended，they will not and should not go away.

（1）Why did Marcus Rashford start the petition？
A．To feed an increasing number of children in poverty.
B．To restart the debate over free school meals.
C．To raise fund for hunger relief for children.
D．To lift children out of poverty.
（2）What does the paragraph 2 probably talk about？
A．Manchester and independent charities set up school free meals.
B．It was government that should pay for the school meals.
C．How did the current school meals system come into existence？
D．It was compulsory education that contributed to free school meals.
（3）What can we infer about school meals from paragraph 3？
A．Some children liked brassicas provided in the school.
B．School meals were both tasty and cheap.
C．School meals failed to meet children's nutritional needs.
D．The Tory government chose nutrition over cost.
（4）What does the writer think of the debates over free school meals？
A．Never-ending.
B．Meaningless.
C．Influential.
D．Necessary.

共享时间:2021-03-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204422. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期末） As the climate warms，birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing，according to a new study.Researchers analyzed 70，716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years.The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
   "We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks，an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
   "The species were pretty diverse，but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency waocking."
   He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events，like migration and birth.But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
   "That's one major implication，" he said， "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration."
   The findingowed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%.Over the same time，the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
   The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size，which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
   "Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，" Mr.Weeks said，explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
   He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
   The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off，losing body heat more quickly.

（1）What's the best title for the text？
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
（2）What made Brian Weeks feel astonished？
A．It took 40 years to collect 70，716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
（3）What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean？
A．Tiring.
B．Important
C．Easy.
D．Pleasant
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202388. （2021•西安中学•十模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have turned ordinary sheets of wood into transparent material that is nearly as clear as glass，but stronger and with better insulating properties（隔热性）.It could become an energy efficient building material in the future.
   Wood is made of two basic ingredients：cellulose，which are tiny fibres，and lignin （木质素），which is a glue-like material that bonds the fibres together to give it strength.The lignin also contains molecules called chromophores，which give the wood its brown color and prevent light from passing through.
   Early attempts to make transparent wood involved removing the lignin，but this involved harmful chemicals，high temperatures and a lot of time，making the product expensive and somewhat fragile.The new technique is so cheap and easy that it could literally be done in a backyard.
   Starting with pieces of wood a meter long and one millimeter thick，the scientists simply brushed on a solution（溶液）of hydrogen peroxide using an ordinary paint brush.When left in the sun，or under a UV lamp for an hour or so，the peroxide remove color from the brown chromophores but left the lignin undamaged，so the wood turned white.Next，they filled the wood with a tough transparent epoxy，which filled in the spaces in the wood and then hardened.This made the white wood transparent.
   As window material，it would be much more resistant to accidental breakage.The clear wood is lighter than glass，with better insulating properties，which is important because windows are a major source of heat loss in buildings.It also might take less energy to produce clear wood because there are no high temperatures involved.
   Transparent wood could become an alternative to glass in energy efficient buildings，or perhaps coverings for solar panels in harsh environments.There could be no end of uses.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of wood strength.
B．The characteristics of wood.
C．The causes of wood color.
D．The structure of wood.
（2）How did the researchers make wood transparent in the past？
A．By removing the lignin.
B．By reducing chemicals.
C．By lowering the temperature.
D．By changing the experiment site.
（3）What is the function of the epoxy？
A．To make the wood stronger.
B．To take away the brown color.
C．To turn the wood transparent.
D．To fill the spaces in the wood.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Replacing Glass with Wood
B．Turning Wood Transparent
C．Energy Saving Material
D．Eco-friendly Alternative

共享时间:2021-07-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202368. （2021•西安中学•四模） Sure，chocolate is a delicious treat，and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts.But it's not a health food，so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right？
   Well，it turns out that eating chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit.According to research conducted by five scientists in Italy，compounds found in chocolate，called flavanols，can help boost cognitive （认知的） performance.Yup，chocolate's good for your brain.
   The scientists，studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila，summarized research from ten different studies.The studies assessed people's performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate.The results were pretty telling：in nine out of the ten studies，there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate.The scientists found improvements in "general cognition，attention，processing speed and working memory." Sounds pretty good to us!
   And that's not all.In subjects，especially women，who performed the tests while sleep-deprived，the flavanols helped relieve the negative effects of the sleep deprivation.And there's even more good news.The researchers also found that eating chocolate daily （over periods ranging from five days to three months） produced noticeable long-term improvements in cognition.Older adults，whose memories were already declining，saw an especially significant improvement.
   All chocolate has flavanols，since they occur naturally in cocoa.However，dark chocolate lovers feel happy，because it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate.In fact，the scientists themselves have claimed that，after doing this research，they've started eating dark chocolate every day!
   Now，we're not saying you should start eating chocolate for breakfast，lunch and dinner - it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients.But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night，snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic.

（1）What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．As much as possible.
B．For three meals.
C．In right amount.
D．Not in the least
（2）How does a student perform while learning after eating chocolate？
A．He memorizes less than before.
B．He can't concentrate on lessons in the slightest.
C．He becomes more excited.
D．He understands what the teacher says faster.
（3）According to the passage，if your memory fails，what should you do？
A．Eat chocolate as three meals.
B．Use chocolate as a daily snack.
C．Hunt for dark chocolate.
D．Ask a doctor for advice.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．Chocolate is a beneficial but unhealthy food.
B．Eating chocolate benefits our learning.
C．Eating chocolate works on your sleep.
D．Chocolate contains low nutrients.

共享时间:2021-04-22 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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204942. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016，accounting for nearly one in ten deaths，according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018. "It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health，" said Sadie Boniface，head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies.While there is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking，with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health，according to a recent study.
   In the observational study，researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25，000 people in the UK，and their brain scans.The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter—regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed，" according to lead author Anya Topiwala，a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
   "The more people drank，the less the volume of their gray matter，" Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia （痴呆）.Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing，" she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this （0.8%），it was a greater contribution than other 'changeable' risk factors，" she said，explaining that changeable risk factors are "ones you can do something about，in contrast to aging."
   The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns，beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking—meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it.They also found no evidence that the type of drink—such as wine，spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain.
   However，certain characteristics，such as high blood pressure or obesity，could put people at higher risk，researchers added.So we shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks.

（1）How was the observational study developed？
A．By comparing brain and health.
B．By comparing people and the researchers.
C．By comparing information and gray matter.
D．By comparing alcohol intake and brain scans.
（2）What is the result of the research？
A．Drinking wine have no impact on brain.
B．Drinking spirits have more impact on brain.
C．Drinking alcohol can cause reducing of brain volume.
D．Drinking alcohol can lead to obesity.
（3）Which of the following groups has a higher risk when drinking alcohol？
A．People drinking more types.
B．People with high blood pressure.
C．People selling the wine.
D．People with diabetes.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？
A．Stay Away From Alcohol.
B．Lack of Sleep.
C．Consumer Health.
D．Keep-fit Exercise.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2016-07-03

高中英语 | | 阅读理解

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