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212914. （2024•周至四中•高二下期中） Over the past decades，experts have done a considerable amount of research to explore different ways to encourage children's learning.Especially，there has been a common focus on how physical activity，separated from the learning activities，can improve children's learning.However，there has been less of a focus aimed at the potential of integrating （合并） physical activity into the learning activities.
   Researchers from the University of Copenhagen conducted the Basketball Mathematics study at five Danish primary and elementary schools.The main purpose of it was to develop a learning activity that integrates basketball and mathematics and examine how it might affect children's motivation for mathematics.
756 children from 40 different classes participated in the project，where about half of them — once a week for six weeks — had Basketball Mathematics during gym class，while the other half played basketball without mathematics.
   "During classes with Basketball Mathematics，the children had to collect numbers and perform calculations associated with various basketball exercises.An example could be counting how many times they could sink a basket from three meters away vs at a one-meter distance，and adding up the numbers.Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children's levels，as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition，multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced，" explains Linn Damsgaard，a leading researcher.
   The resultowed that children's motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning.Children also experienced a 14% increase in self-determination compared with classroom teaching.Meanwhile Basketball Mathematics improved their math confidence.
   "We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics.Once we have the final results，we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize （优先处理） more physical activity and movement in such subjects.Eventually，we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education，" says Associate Professor Jacob Wienecke.

（1）What is the purpose of paragraph 1？
A．To show the advantage of the study.
B．To introduce a way to raise math grades.
C．To conduct a review of past research.
D．To explain the reason for the study.
（2）What can we learn about the study？
A．It tailored activities to different kids.
B．Kids were divided into 40 groups.
C．It required kids to do math after playing basketball.
D．Kids couldn't enjoy basketball in the process.
（3）What effect does basketball have on the participants？
A．More motivation for exercise.
B．A gain in desire to learn math.
C．More confidence in basketball.
D．A rise in determination to learn.
（4）How does Jacob Wienecke expect the study to help educators？
A．Make math learning easier.
B．Inspire students' math confidence.
C．Build physical activity into teaching.
D．Notice the benefits of physical exercise.

共享时间:2024-05-25 难度:2

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教育，说明文，

[答案]

DABC

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。由第一段中Over the past decades，experts have done a considerable amount of research to explore different ways to encourage children's learning.（在过去的几十年里，专家们做了大量的研究，探索鼓励儿童学习的不同方法。）及下文However，there has been less of a focus aimed at the potential of integrating （合并） physical activity into the learning activities.（然而，很少有人关注将身体活动整合到学习活动中的潜力。）可知，引出下文的研究，与D项"解释研究的原因。"表达的意思一致。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。由第四段中Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children's levels，as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition，multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced（数学和篮球元素都可以根据孩子们的水平进行调整，也可以根据加法、乘法或其他需要练习的运算进行调整）与A项"它为不同的孩子量身定制活动。"表达意思一致。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。由第五段中The results showed that children's motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning.Children also experienced a 14% increase in self﹣determination compared with classroom teaching.（结果表明，与课堂数学学习相比，儿童的数学与篮球结合的动机要高16%。与课堂教学相比，孩子们的自决权也提高了14%。）可见数学与篮球结合，有助于学习。与B项"渴望学习数学的愿望的增加。"意义一致。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。由最后一段we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize （优先处理） more physical activity and movement in such subjects.Eventually，we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education（我们希望他们能激励学校老师和校长们优先考虑在这些科目中更多的体育活动和运动。最终，我们希望能成功地将这些工具应用到学校系统和教师教育中）可知，与C项"将体育活动融入教学中。"表达一致。故选C。

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204260. （2023•长安区•高一上期末）     Math anxiety is far from uncommon，but too often，those who fear the subject simply avoid it.Research from the University of Chicago offers evidence for the link between math anxiety and avoidance.
    Studying nearly 500 adults through a computer program called the Choose-And-Solve Task （CAST），the researchers gave participants （参加者） a choice between math and word problems labeled "easy" and "hard".The easy problems were always worth two cents，while the hard problems were worth up to six cents.They also informed participants the computer task would change the questions in the process of testing based on their abilities，enabling them to handle about 70% of the hard problems.
    Although participants attempted hard word problems when promised higher monetary prizes，they rarely chose to do the same for math problems. "We found we couldn't even pay math-anxious individuals to do difficult math problems，" researcher Rozek says.
    The findings also contradict a widely held belief that feeling anxious about math and avoiding math-related problems is rooted in being bad at math. "If you take two students good at math，the math-anxious one will do worse at math than the one that isn't anxious."
    Such a mentality does more than stopping people from taking calculus courses or pursuing a career in STEM.It can affect everyday interactions with math-like leaving a tip in a restaurant.But all is not lost. "Reframing their anxiety from negative to positive could help math-anxious people re-engage.Giving those anxious about sitting exams guidance may lead them to perform better.Telling them if you're anxious，this is your body getting you ready to perform and focus，" Rozek says. "Another path may be to create early positive experiences around math.For example，telling stories featuring math and tackling problems around the story may be helpful." he adds.

（1）What does the University of Chicago offer evidence for？
A．The advantages of math anxiety.
B．The link between math anxiety and avoidance.
C．The importance of math.
D．The link between anxiety and study.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．How the study was organized.
B．Why people chose easy problems.
C．Who participated in the study.
D．What the result was.
（3）What is a common misunderstanding about math anxiety according to Paragraph 4？
A．Math anxiety is the cause of math avoidance.
B．Math anxiety causes people to be bored of math.
C．Math anxiety is a complex phenomenon in life.
D．Math anxiety results from poor math performance.
（4）Which of the following statements will Rozek agree with？
A．Reframing math anxiety from negative to positive is impossible.
B．People with math anxiety should pay attention to math less.
C．People can deal with math anxiety through proper ways.
D．People with math anxiety won't perform better.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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205208. （2021•长安区一中•高一上期末） What you do after studying could play a big part in how well you learn and remember.Today on Education Tips，we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning：wakeful rest and sleep.
   When many students finish studying，they often go straight to another activity.Perhaps they look at their phone or computer.They might even play a video game or watch television.But research suggests that resting after your study may help you remember what you have studied.
     The basic idea is this：by stopping your activity after the study，your brain gets a chance to rest.Resting is difficult when you are playing computer games.
   While this might sound unusual to you，many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning---which is called "wakeful rest".
   A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember information they learned after doing wakeful rest.
   If you want to give "wakeful rest" a try，here are a few simple things to do.Rest quietly for five to ten minutes.Do not look at your phone，read stories or play games.It is really that easy!
   Besides wakeful rest，sleep is also important for learning.The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School （HMS） notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways.A report on the school's website explains that "a sleep-deprived（剥夺）person cannot focus attention well and therefore cannot learn well".It also says，"Sleep itself helps us to memorize and that memorizing is very important for learning new information. "
   The National Sleep Foundation（NSF）suggests that adults between the ages of 20 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day.Teenagers may need a little bit more，and people over the age of 65 may need a little less.
   Try to get some "wakeful rest" after a study.Then try to get a good night's sleep.That's it---a simple，no-cost way to help you remember what you learn.

（1）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．The importance of sleep.
B．The good ways to get a rest.
C．The reason for having a rest.
D．The types of resting activities.
（2）Which activity might be recommended shortly after studying？
A．Reading a newspaper.
B．Playing a video game.
C．Sitting there doing nothing.
D．Having a nice sleep at night.
（3）How long should teenagers sleep each day according to NSF？
A．Less than 7 hours.
B．Just 7 hours.
C．No more than 9 hours.
D．Around 9 hours.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Low-cost Tips on Working
B．What to Do After Your Study
C．Why Do We Need to Have a Good Sleep？
D．How Long Should We Rest After Learning？

共享时间:2021-02-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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205621. （2019•蓝田县•高二下期末） As an oceanographer（海洋学家），I've spent many years developing robots to explore the ocean，and now we're putting that technology to use in our JASON Project，a program that's designed to inspire students and get them interested in science，technology，engineering and mathematics．In theaters throughout the country，we bring kids together and send back to them on large screens our live explorations of large areas of the globe．Not only are the kids observers，but they can operate robots moving across the area while broadcasting images back to them．The kids have the sensation（感受）of really being at the site with us．
   I believe advances in robot technology will one day be the key to a new kind of travel．In the next 10 or 15 years，people will have rooms in their houses that will be able to simulate（模拟） other environment．I like to call this rooms "home domes"-small theaters with screens and advanced equipment that can reproduce the sights，sounds，smells，and feel of a desert or a forest．Hand in hand with these rooms，I can see a market for travel robots located in countries around the world．You could rent（租） a robot working in a rain forest，then go into your home dome，where you yourself operate the robot's movements．The equipment in the room will receive the sensations in the robot's environment and simulate them for you．
   Today，much of the world's population never travels more than 50 or 60 miles from home．And even a person with enough time can see only a part of the earth's sights．But this new way of travel will cost so much less in both time and money and allow people to see a lot more of the globe．And simulated travel will also help protect our planet．You can't take large groups of tourists to look at Dian Fossey's gorillas （大猩猩）．But a small robot，with no animal smell，can get very close to a gorilla and send the sights，sounds，and smells back to a million people．

（1）The main purpose of the JASON Project is to        ．
A．design robots
B．educate children
C．explore the world
D．improve technology
（2）Without going outside，people in "home domes" can        ．
A．get very close to nature
B．enjoy a guided trip
C．develop and operate robots
D．send images back to scientists
（3）What's the author's attitude towards the future of robot technology？
A．Uncaring．
B．Doubtful．
C．Hopeful．
D．Dissatisfied．
（4）According to the text，simulated travel        ．
A．has been widely accepted
B．costs lots of time and money
C．is harmful to the environment
D．is time-and money-saving

共享时间:2019-07-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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201969. （2023•长安区•一模） As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education，so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population.Ideally，both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
   High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might，or than many other nations currently offer，creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not，or have a clear sense of purpose or interest，and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
   We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training，as well as the development of a work ethic（美德） and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development.I recommend Harvard's 2011"Pathways to Prosperity"report for more attention to the"forgotten half"（those who do not go on to college） and ideas about how to address this issue.
   Simultaneously，the liberal arts become more important than ever.In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet，the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
   Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech，knowing how to find information，and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles，and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
   Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated（恶化） by parental involvement in the college years.Given the rising investment in college education，parental concern is not surprising，but learning where and when to intervene will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

（1）What kind of education does the author think is ideal？
A．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
B．It benefits the great majority of the general population.
C．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
（2）What does the author say is the problem with present high school education？
A．Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.
B．Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C．Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.
D．Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.
（3）What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage？
A．Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
B．New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
C．People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.
D．Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.
（4）What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on？
A．Practical skills urgently needed in current society.
B．Solid background knowledge in a particular field.
C．Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.
D．Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.

共享时间:2023-03-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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201922. （2024•临潼区•二模）     For lots of kids，toddlerhood（幼儿期）is an important time for friendship.Studieow that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships，the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults.Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors，such as kindness，sharing，and cooperation.
    Even so，how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament.Some toddles are very social，but others are shy.In addition，the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying "I like you" during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
    This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate，they may still grab his toys，refuse to share，and get bossy.But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age.Through play experiences，toddlers learn social rules.That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines，explain the reasons behind them.
    Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （"Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？"），then suggest how he could resolve the problem（"Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball."）.When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心）toward a friend，praise him（"Ben stopped crying!You made him feel better."）.
    Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel.It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime.Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry，so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.

（1）What does the underlined word "temperament" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Appearances.
B.Ages.
C.Characters.
D.Interests.
（2）What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior？
A.They are fond of their playmates.
B.They are interested in acting.
C.They are shy with the strangers.
D.They are tired of playing games.
（3）What does the author suggest parents do for their kids？
A.Find them suitable playmates.
B.Design games for them.
C.Play together with them.
D.Help them understand social rules.
（4）What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4？
A.Explaining concepts.
B.Giving examples.
C.Providing evidence.
D.Making comparisons.

共享时间:2024-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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203304. （2016•西工大附中•十模） Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started．Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country．In fact，according to an official report on youth violence，"In our country today，the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence"．Given that this is the case，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit？
First of all，students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable．A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult （侮辱）．For example，a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime．Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults，which in turn can lead to
violence．The problem isn't in the sandwich，but in the way students deal with the conflict．
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable，they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution （解决）：stay calm．Once the student feels calmer，he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well．Rude words，name-calling，and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire．On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control．
After both sides have calmed down，they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution：listening．Listening allows the two sides to understand each other．One person should describe his or her side，and the other person should listen without interrupting．Afterward，the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position．Then the two people should change roles．
Finally，students need to consider what they are hearing．This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person．It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish．For example，a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things．Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start？What do I really want？What am I afraid of？As the issue becomes clearer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller．Even if it doesn't，careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution．
There will always be conflict in schools，but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence．After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program，according to Educators for Social Responsibility，"64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom；75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation；and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves"．
Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends，teachers，parents，bosses，and coworkers．In that way，conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country．
（1）This article is mainly about        ．
A．the lives of school children
B．the cause of arguments in schools
C．how to analyze youth violence
D．how to deal with school conflicts
（2）From Paragraph 2 we can learn that        ．
A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B．a small conflict can lead to violence
C．students tend to lose their temper easily
D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
（3）Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5？
A．To find out who is to blame．
B．To get ready to try new things．
C．To make clear what the real issue is．
D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match．
（4）After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta，it was found that        ．
A．there was a decrease in classroom violence
B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved．

共享时间:2016-07-03 难度:2 相似度:2

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204335. （2023•未央区•高二上期末）     The arts，especially music，should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level.Students will be much smarter if they have some musical experience.They could improve their classroom skills，like paying attention and following directions.People develop all these skills when they learn music.Making music also lets children use their imagination.It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.
    Music not only makes children better students，but also gives them something positive to do.In a music program，children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang （一群可能肇事的年轻人）.Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen.In a school band，students get to be part of a team.They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.
    Music builds self-confidence，too.It gives children a sense of achievement and success.Making music is something for them to be proud of，and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience.Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression，and that helps develop their self-confidence.
    In a word，music is important because it can make children better students，give them something positive to do，and build their character.That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.

（1）According to the passage，music could make students smarter by        .
A．improving their classroom skills
B．improving their classroom skills and imagination
C．improving their attention and imagination
D．improving their skills of making achievements
（2）What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean？
A．Unwilling to turn on.
B．Always looking at.
C．Unwilling to watch.
D．Always playing.
（3）What does the third paragraph mainly tells us？
A．Music could give children self-expression and self-confidence.
B．Music could bring children achievement and success.
C．Music could give children something to be proud of.
D．Music could develop children's self-confidence.
（4）What's the best title of this passage？
A．Music is a must as a course at school
B．Music builds children's self-confidence
C．Music makes students much smarter
D．Learning music and making music are both important

共享时间:2023-02-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202673. （2020•西安中学•三模） Even though vaccination（接种疫苗） is a powerful defense against disease，some voices are against it．In a recent letter，the American Medical Association（AMA） urged big social media including Amazon，Facebook and Google to take action to defend medical science on their platforms．
   It said that vaccine-preventable diseases that do harm to the public health like measles（麻疹） are on the rise．Measles cases worldwide jumped more than 30% in 2017 compared to 2016，with the largest increases seen among nations in the Americas，Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean．Vaccine-preventable diseases are increasing largely because many people are unwilling to get vaccinated．And some of these people even encourage others to refuse vaccination．So this year，the World Health Organization （WHO） declared the anti-vaccination movement a top-10 health threat．
   "Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways of avoiding disease - it currently prevents 2-3 million deaths a year，and a further 15 million could be avoided if global coverage of vaccinations improved，" WHO said．
   A research article published in 1998 in a medical journal suggested a link between a vaccine and the development of autism（自闭症） in young children．Although the research has been suspected and many other studies have proved that vaccinations do not cause autism，the article is still impressing people strongly today．Another reason for the growth in the anti-vaccination movement is widespread misinformation on social media，which can turn people against vaccination．If a concerned parent consistently sees information in their Newsfeed that casts doubt on the safety of vaccines，it could cause them to disregard the advice of their children's physicians and public health experts and refuse to follow the recommended vaccination schedule．So access to true information about vaccine safety is badly needed．

（1）What does the AMA require social media to do on their platforms？
A．Unite to develop new vaccines．
B．Stop vaccine misinformation．
C．Give up the anti-vaccination movement．
D．Introduce vaccine-preventable diseases．
（2）Why does the author mention the measles cases？
A．To declare measles can be prevented．
B．To prove vaccination doesn't work well．
C．To show the result of anti-vaccination．
D．To explain the reason for avoiding vaccination．
（3）Which of the following DOESN'T play a role in the anti-vaccination movement？
A．The costs of vaccination．
B．People's concerns over vaccine safety．
C．A research relating vaccination to autism．
D．Misinformation spread on social media platforms．
（4）What is the author's attitude towards vaccination？
A．Doubtful
B．Ambiguous
C．Positive
D．Negative

共享时间:2020-04-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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203112. （2016•师大附中•十模） In my early 30s，I used an expired（过期的） student ID to buy discounted movie tickets．I'd tell myself，I'm buying a ticket I wouldn't have otherwise bought．I think many people have done similar things；however，we still think of ourselves as honest citizens．Researchers who study these behaviours believe that character isn't the real reason．We might break the rules under some conditions and in some mind-sets，but not in others．
Years ago，Francesca Gino，a professor at Harvard，and Dan Ariely，a behavioural economist at Duke，wondered if people with highter IQs were more likely to cheat．They found that cleverness wasn't closely connected to dishonesty，but creativity was．The more creative you are，the easier it is to retell the story of what happened when you behaved dishonestly．
Harvard University psychologist Joshua Greene argues in his book Moral Tribe that we may be born without having a clear sense of right and wrong，but our culture sharpens it．If your tribe downloads pirated（盗版）music，you're likely to go with the flow．
Harvard researcher Leslie John，along with two colleagues conducted an experiment．They told volunteers that others in the room were making more money than they were for getting questions right on a test．Guess what happened？That group，which considered itself disadvantaged，cheated more than those who believed that everyone received an equal payment．
The real threat is that rule breaking worsens over time．Behavioural psychology offers a few antidotes．Keep yourself fed and well-rested-we're likelier to behave badly when hungry or tied．Reflect on how your actions look through others' eyes and see yourselves in a positive light．In a Stanford study，when researchers uesed the verb cheat-please don't cheat-participants still cheated freely because they felt distanced （疏远）from the act．When the noun was used-don't be a cheater-hardly anyone did．
（1）According to Francesca Gino，who are likeliest to break the rules in a company？
A．Accountants．
B．Designers
C．Cleaners．
D．Typists．
（2）Why did volunteers in Leslie John's experiment cheat more than others？
A．Because they were not as smart as others．
B．Because they thought others cheated too．
C．Because they felt a sense of unfairness．
D．Because they were tired and hungry．
（3）The underlined word"antidotes"in the last paragraph can be replaced by        ．

A．explanations．

B．solutions

C．studies

D．novels．

（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．Why people break the rules．
B．How people break the rules．
C．The influence of breaking the rules．
D．Different ways of breaking the rules．

共享时间:2016-07-02 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205425. （2020•西安中学•高二下期末） Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing．However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt．
   In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in．A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths．By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom．So did the king of England in 1546．Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way．Henry IV，king of France，was famously dirty．Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out．
   Though the belief in the merit（优点） of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century．Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health．Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease．Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II．Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine．Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？
   Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays．Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease．On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system．And the latter position is gaining some ground．

（1）The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because        ．
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C．they considered bathing as cause of skin disease
D．They believed disease could be spread in public baths
（2）Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing？
A．Curious
B．Afraid
C．Approving
D．Uninterested
（3）How does the passage mainly develop？
A．By following the order of time．
B．By making comparison．
C．By providing examples．
D．By following the order of importance．
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the passages？
A．To call attention to the danger of dirt．
B．To introduce the history of dirt．
C．To present the change of views on dirt．
D．To stress the role of dirt．

共享时间:2020-07-19 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202958. （2017•师大附中•七模） Dreams can be familiar and strange，fantastical or boring，but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn．In a recent study，scientists found a connection between nap-time dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill．
   In the study，99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer，trying to get through a virtual maze（迷宫）．The maze was a different place each time they tired-making it even more difficult．They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was．
   For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break，half of the participants stayed awake and an half were told to take a short nap．Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts．Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams after sleeping-and they were awakened within a minute of sleeping to describe their dreams．Stickgold，a neuroscientist（神经科学家），wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren't moving during sleep．
   Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze．Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working；Others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze．When these four people tried the computer maze again，they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps．
   Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn't help a person learn-it's the other way around．He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning．
   All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time，which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreamow up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult．People who had other dreams，or people who didn't take a nap，didn't show the same improvement．

（1）After having a short nap，participants of the experiment were asked to       ．
A．stay in a．different place in the maze．
B．design a virtual maze which is difficult to get through．
C．try to remember something about their dreams
D．get through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place
（2）What can we learn from the text？
A．Participants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts．
B．Some dreams may encourage people to invent something new．
C．Participants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily．
D．Participants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find the tree faster．
（3）According to Stickgold，       ．
A．every person may dream about what they learned
B．people's brain processes may still be connected with their learning in their dreams
C．once people's eyes stop moving，they are sure to dream about something
D．no matter how fantastical or boring，dreams are connected with people's life
（4）What is the best title for this text？
A．Dreams Are Strange
B．Not All Dreams Are True
C．Dreaming Makes Perfect
D．Stickgold，a Dream Expert

共享时间:2017-06-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202939. （2017•师大附中•十一模） When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance，the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list．Music is nice ，people seem to say ，but not important．Too often it is viewed as entertainment，but certainly not an education priority（优先）．This view iortsighted．In fact，music education is beneficial and important for all students
   Music tells us who we are．Because music is an expression of the beings who create it，it reflects their thinking and values，as well as the social environment it came from．Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song．The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions．Music expresses our character and values．It gives us identity as a society．
   Music provides a kind of perception（视角）that cannot be acquired any other way．Science can explain how the sun rises and sets．The arts explore the emotive（情感的）meaning of the same phenomenon．We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason：No one way can get it all．
   The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols．They are ways we human beings "talk" to each other．They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears，our curiosities our hungers，our discoveries，our hopes．The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others．When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music，we take away from them the meanings that music expresses．
   So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize．

（1）According to paragraph 1，students       ．
A．regard music as a way of entertainment
B．disagree with their parents on education
C．view music as an overlooked subject
D．prefer the arts to science
（2）In Paragraph 2，the author uses jazz as an example to       ．
A．compare it with rock music
B．show music identifies a society
C．introduce American musical traditions
D．prove music influences people's lifestyles
（3）According to the passage ，the arts and science       ．
A．approach the world from different angles
B．explore different phenomena of the world
C．express people's feeling in different ways
D．explain what it means to be human differently
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Music education deserves more attention．
B．Music should be of top education priority．
C．Music is an effective communication tool．
D．Music education makes students more imaginative．

共享时间:2017-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202920. （2018•交大附中•六模） Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain，a group of leading archeologists says．In a letter addressed to the justice secretary，Ken Clarke，40 archaeologists write of their "deep and widespread concern" about the issue．It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years，regardless of their age．The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance．
   "Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remainould be reburied，whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension，is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice，" they write．
   The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites，including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3，000 BC．Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time，but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground．
   The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk，where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950，000 years ago．If human remains were found at Happisburgh，they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was．Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed．
   Before 2008，guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest，while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains．The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary，but has so far failed to revise it．
Mike Parker Pearson，an archaeologist at Sheffield University，said： "Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem，but we feel that we cannot wait any longer．"
   The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remainould be reburied，or on what recordould be kept．

（1）According to the passage，scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because        ．
A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remains．
B．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research．
C．it was introduced by the government without their knowledge．
D．it is unclear about where and how to rebury human remains．
（2）We can learn from the passage that        ．
A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time．
B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh．
C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time．
D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed．
（3）What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains？
A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains．
B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857．
C．The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades．
D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law．
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．New discoverieould be reburied，the government demands．
B．Research time should be extended，scientists require．
C．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion，authorities say．
D．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever，archeologists warn．

共享时间:2018-05-22 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205489. （2020•莲湖区•高一下期末） Churchill，Manitoba is a small town．The northern winds roll through it from Canada's Hudson Bay．It might be just another point on the map if not for its seasonal settlers．
   It happens like clockwork every fall that hundreds of polar bears make their way through the town to the freezing bay where they hunt for seals after the ice packs enough to support their weight．The animals have been connected with Churchill since at least 1619．That's when Norwegian explorer Jens Munk and his sailors recorded making a meal of one bear while they wintered in the area． "It was of good taste and did not disagree with us．" That's what Munk wrote in his journal．
   Over the years，the animals' coming has earned the town the name of "Polar Bear Capital of the World．" Today，Churchill's bear population goes beyond its human population．There used to be about 7，000 residents but now only 813 living there．There was no such thing as an organized tour group to see the bears until 1980．The town might have been in terrible financial hardships．But the growing bear tourism industry helped．
   Today，some 10，000 tourists come to the town to see polar bears for six weeks in autumn every year．But the reasons why they come are different from before．Everyone was happier and they had such a good time seeing polar bears．Now things have changed because the word is out that this Western Hudson Bay population of bears，Churchill Bears，are going to be the first population of polar bears to die out．So when the tourists come up，they all have a little bit of a lump in their throats（如鲠在喉）because they're looking at a beautiful bear，but they're also looking at a dying-out bear，which makes the whole attitude toward the bears different．Unfortunately，that's becoming the major part of the whole attraction of the tours as well．Come and see the bears before it's too late．

（1）What can we learn about Churchill polar bears from the text？
A．They have eaten up the seals in the Hudson Bay．
B．They come to Churchill at the same time every year．
C．They move to Churchill to escape the northern winds．
D．They are so dangerous that most natives left their home．
（2）What did Munk report in his journal？
A．They fed many polar bears．
B．Polar bears were dangerous．
C．They hunted a bear for food．
D．They found some seals in the bay．
（3）How do polar bears benefit Churchill？
A．They make many people settle down．
B．They attract many hunters to come here．
C．They bring much tourist income．
D．They supply food to locals．
（4）What is the main reason why tourists go to Churchill now？
A．To say good-bye to Churchill Bears．
B．To help polar bears become happier．
C．To take photos with Churchill Bears．
D．To stop polar bears going to the town．

共享时间:2020-07-11 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2024-05-25

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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