220548.（2016•七十中•高二下二月）If You Make a Mistake，Don't Worry! Yeah，you'll want to forget about them，but mistakes can be useful．Making a mistake doesn't mean it's the end of the world．In real life you have to grow and mature，and with that comes some growing pains． You know you should have studied hard but you went out with some friends instead．You know you should have put the money into the bank for a rainy day instead of spending it on all kinds of things you didn't need． It's the growing pains called mistakes that most people make when they are growing up．Face them．You are going to make them．Learn from them．All of the people you wish to copy，such as all the experts in your business field，have made mistakes．They'll continue to make mistakes for all their successes． One of the major differences between people like them and the vast majority（大多数）of others is that they don't let their mistakes stop them．Instead，they use their mistakes as learning tools． At the very least，when you make a mistake，you'll know what not to do．And you can help others by warning them of the mistakes you've made．Don't let mistakes stop you from doing anything．Learn from them，don't hide in a closet．Facing up to your mistakes now and later will mature． What mistakes are you making right now？Take a look at anything you might be doing wrong．Take a step back and evaluate your situation，then fix whatever needs to be corrected．Then move forward． Always remember your mistakes to remind yourself of what not to do for the future． （1）Why does the writer say mistakes can be useful？ A．Because you can get some growing pains． B．Because you can mature by facing and learning from mistakes． C．Because experts also make mistakes． D．Because next time you know that money shouldn't be wasted． （2）Which statement is true according to the writer？ A．Before you make any mistake，you had better lock the closet in your room． B．Don't go out with some of your friends any more． C．Keep your mistakes in mind in order not to make the same mistakes again in the future． D．Forget your mistakes and move forward． （3）When we make any mistake next time，we should do the followings except． A．Think about the reason why we make the mistake． B．Try to correct the mistake． C．Tell others not to make the same mistake as you do． D．Be careful not to do anything． （4）From the text，we can infer that．
（1）B，细节理解题，根据句子In real life you have to grow and mature，and with that comes some growing pains．可知，作者认为错误是有用的是因为你可以通过面对和学习错误变得成熟，故答案为B． （2）C，推理判断题，根据句子At the very least，when you make a mistake，you'll know what not to do可知，记住你犯的错是为了以后不要再犯同样的错误，故答案为C． （3）D，细节理解题，根据句子Don't let mistakes stop you from doing anything可知，不要让错误阻止你做其他事情，因此D选项是错误． （4）D，推理判断题，根据句子Learn from them，don't hide in a closet可以推测，面对错误时，有些人会失去信心，故答案为D．
217964.（2023•西安中学•高三上四月）
University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology，but experts question whether something is lost when professors and lecturers rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely—in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom.Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht，the Professor of Literature at Stanford University，is one such expert."I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better，the more websites the better teacher，and so forth，is very dangerous—is，indeed，self-destructive，"he indicates. However，Gumbrecht warns that there are few，if any，studies either supporting or disapproving the assumption that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet.He says that he could point only to his"insight that real classroom presence should be kept，"and emphasizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical（教学法的） function and where it does not. Yet，Gumbrecht allows that，for courses in which knowledge transmission（传递）is the sole purpose，electronic media probably can do the job well enough.Indeed，given the 20th century's knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher education，using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably unavoidable，he admits.In any case，knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university，he maintains，noting that universitieould be places where people deal with open questions，places for"intellectual complexity"and"riskful thinking". "We are not about finding or transmitting solutions；we are not about recipes；we are not about making intellectual life easy.Challenges with complexity are what expands your mind.It is something like intellectual gymnastics.And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society." Moreover，discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual innovation."There's a qualitative change，and you don't know how it happens.Discussions in the physical presence have the power of being the catalyst（催化剂） for such intellectual breakthroughs.The possibility of in-classroom teaching—of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information—is a strength."
（1）What is Professor Gumbrecht's major concern about teaching？ A．The systems of teaching through technology. B．Students' overdependence on electronic media. C．The trend towards the more technology the better. D．Experts' questions on remote interaction with students. （2）Professor Gumbercht might agree that university education should . A．replace the real-life teachers for the increasing costs B．facilitate solution transmission for the knowledge explosion C．prepare students for a well-rounded life for society D．help students establish core values （3）According to the passage，discussion in the physical presence of others can . A．reduce the intellectual complexity B．be the catalyst for the qualitative changes C．lead to swifter and stronger information transmission D．combine traditional teaching ways well with technology （4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ A．Cyberspace Interaction. B．Traditional Teaching Has Its Place. C．The Core Function Of The University. D．Information Transmission Cannot Help You Survive.
213582.（2023•铁一中学•高二下期中）
In the digital age，it has become easy for students to find and copy published material.Copying another person's writing without giving them credit is called plagiarism.Universities in the U.S.have rules for avoiding plagiarism.But learning to correctly follow these rules can be difficult for some international students. Copyright law protects original works of authorship including books，movies，images and artworks.However，the law permits the unlicensed use for activities including comment，education and research.Therefore，students can include a small part of copyrighted works in their writing and research if they provide credit，or citation （引文），to the creators of the works.Many universities even urge students to give credit to what they get from conversations with professors or other students.Harvard even warns students about copying themselves.That is，they cannot hand in the same work for more than one class without the permission of their instructors. It is easy for professors to know whether a student has plagiarized.First，there are computer programs that compare students' papers to large databases of published writing.The programs can identify whether students have copied published writing.Second，if English is not a student's first language，a professor might recognize a change in vocabulary and writing style.The punishment for plagiarism can vary.Professors could simply warn a student not to do it again，lower their grade，or they may fail the student in that class.In more extreme cases，a student may be temporarily banned from school. There are free tools students can use.Zotero is a free，open-source program that helps organize all the research a student may use.For example，it can automatically create citations and combine them into a list.The Purdue OWL is another free resource.Many universities also have writing centers where students can learn the citation rules.And another way is to read published papers and pay attention to how information is presented.Studentould observe when and how citations are used，which can help them learn the rules of citations.
（1）What must students do when using a small part of copyrighted works？ A．Have a conversation with professors. B．Ask for permission from the authors. C．Offer credit to the original creators. D．Explain the purpose of using them. （2）How can professors know if their students are plagiarizing？ A．By making a specific comparison. B．By recording the students' learning experience. C．By learning the students' first language. D．By researching into the database of writing. （3）What does the author want to stress in the last paragraph？ A．The tips on when citations are used. B．The ways of making a citation safe. C．The rules of using free resource. D．The free resources on the website. （4）What is the best title of this text？ A．Learning Plagiarism in the Digital Age B．Commenting on Students' Plagiarism C．Realizing the Influence of Plagiarism D．Following Rules to Avoid Plagiarism
205621.（2019•蓝田县•高二下期末）
As an oceanographer（海洋学家），I've spent many years developing robots to explore the ocean，and now we're putting that technology to use in our JASON Project，a program that's designed to inspire students and get them interested in science，technology，engineering and mathematics．In theaters throughout the country，we bring kids together and send back to them on large screens our live explorations of large areas of the globe．Not only are the kids observers，but they can operate robots moving across the area while broadcasting images back to them．The kids have the sensation（感受）of really being at the site with us． I believe advances in robot technology will one day be the key to a new kind of travel．In the next 10 or 15 years，people will have rooms in their houses that will be able to simulate（模拟） other environment．I like to call this rooms "home domes"-small theaters with screens and advanced equipment that can reproduce the sights，sounds，smells，and feel of a desert or a forest．Hand in hand with these rooms，I can see a market for travel robots located in countries around the world．You could rent（租） a robot working in a rain forest，then go into your home dome，where you yourself operate the robot's movements．The equipment in the room will receive the sensations in the robot's environment and simulate them for you． Today，much of the world's population never travels more than 50 or 60 miles from home．And even a person with enough time can see only a part of the earth's sights．But this new way of travel will cost so much less in both time and money and allow people to see a lot more of the globe．And simulated travel will also help protect our planet．You can't take large groups of tourists to look at Dian Fossey's gorillas （大猩猩）．But a small robot，with no animal smell，can get very close to a gorilla and send the sights，sounds，and smells back to a million people．
（1）The main purpose of the JASON Project is to ． A．design robots B．educate children C．explore the world D．improve technology （2）Without going outside，people in "home domes" can ． A．get very close to nature B．enjoy a guided trip C．develop and operate robots D．send images back to scientists （3）What's the author's attitude towards the future of robot technology？ A．Uncaring． B．Doubtful． C．Hopeful． D．Dissatisfied． （4）According to the text，simulated travel ． A．has been widely accepted B．costs lots of time and money C．is harmful to the environment D．is time-and money-saving
204335.（2023•未央区•高二上期末）
The arts，especially music，should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level.Students will be much smarter if they have some musical experience.They could improve their classroom skills，like paying attention and following directions.People develop all these skills when they learn music.Making music also lets children use their imagination.It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas. Music not only makes children better students，but also gives them something positive to do.In a music program，children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang （一群可能肇事的年轻人）.Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen.In a school band，students get to be part of a team.They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music. Music builds self-confidence，too.It gives children a sense of achievement and success.Making music is something for them to be proud of，and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience.Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression，and that helps develop their self-confidence. In a word，music is important because it can make children better students，give them something positive to do，and build their character.That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.
（1）According to the passage，music could make students smarter by . A．improving their classroom skills B．improving their classroom skills and imagination C．improving their attention and imagination D．improving their skills of making achievements （2）What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean？ A．Unwilling to turn on. B．Always looking at. C．Unwilling to watch. D．Always playing. （3）What does the third paragraph mainly tells us？ A．Music could give children self-expression and self-confidence. B．Music could bring children achievement and success. C．Music could give children something to be proud of. D．Music could develop children's self-confidence. （4）What's the best title of this passage？ A．Music is a must as a course at school B．Music builds children's self-confidence C．Music makes students much smarter D．Learning music and making music are both important
203304.（2016•西工大附中•十模）
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started．Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country．In fact，according to an official report on youth violence，"In our country today，the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence"．Given that this is the case，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit？ First of all，students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable．A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult （侮辱）．For example，a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime．Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults，which in turn can lead to violence．The problem isn't in the sandwich，but in the way students deal with the conflict． Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable，they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution （解决）：stay calm．Once the student feels calmer，he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well．Rude words，name-calling，and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire．On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control． After both sides have calmed down，they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution：listening．Listening allows the two sides to understand each other．One person should describe his or her side，and the other person should listen without interrupting．Afterward，the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position．Then the two people should change roles． Finally，students need to consider what they are hearing．This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person．It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish．For example，a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things．Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start？What do I really want？What am I afraid of？As the issue becomes clearer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller．Even if it doesn't，careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution． There will always be conflict in schools，but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence．After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program，according to Educators for Social Responsibility，"64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom；75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation；and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves"． Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends，teachers，parents，bosses，and coworkers．In that way，conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country． （1）This article is mainly about ． A．the lives of school children B．the cause of arguments in schools C．how to analyze youth violence D．how to deal with school conflicts （2）From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ． A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B．a small conflict can lead to violence C．students tend to lose their temper easily D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight （3）Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5？ A．To find out who is to blame． B．To get ready to try new things． C．To make clear what the real issue is． D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match． （4）After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta，it was found that ． A．there was a decrease in classroom violence B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved．
213811.（2023•西安八十三中•高一下期中）
A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change.For example，the study found that most biology textbooks published（出版） in the 2010s included less information about climate change than they did in the previous decade—despite significant advances in our under-standing of how climate change is influencing ecosystems and the environment. "In short，we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about climate change，which is a generation-defining topic in the life sciences，"says Jennifer Landin，author of the study."These books are the baseline texts for helping students understand the science of life on Earth，yet they are providing very little information about a phenomenon that is having a great impact on habitats，ecosystems，agriculture—almost every aspect（方面） of life on Earth." For the study，researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019.The researchers found climate coverage has varied greatly over those five decades and that the amount of climate coverage in textbooks fell off in the 2010s.In addition to length，the nature of the content has also changed greatly over time. "One of the most troubling findings was that textbooks are devoting less space to ad-dressing climate solutions now than they did in the 1990s—even as they focus more on the effects of climate change，"Landin says."That suggests to students that nothing can be done，which is both wildly misleading and contributes to a sense of fatalism（宿命论） regarding climate change." "We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors.We need to do a much better job of putting climate change into our courses if we want to pre-pare students to understand the role that climate change is playing in shaping life on Earth and how we study it，"Landin says.
（1）What is the example in paragraph 1 used to do？ A．Prove biology textbooks' poor performance. B．Show the dissatisfaction with climate change. C．Attract the attention of students studying biology. D．Show the content of textbooks published in the 2010s. （2）What is the problem of biology textbooks according to Landin？ A．No enough material about climate change. B．Not covering every aspect of life on Earth. C．Providing little new information about biology. D．No generation-defining topics in the textbooks. （3）How did the researchers conduct the study？ A．By tracking textbook publishers. B．By doing surveys of students in colleges. C．By observing climate change for 50 years. D．By investigating college biology textbooks. （4）What does Landin expect the study to function as？ A．A wake-up call for biology science. B．A warning to take biology seriously. C．A direction of studying climate change. D．An alarm bell for publishers and teachers.
213610.（2023•莲湖区•高一下期中）
A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change.For example，the study found that most biology textbooks published（出版） in the 2010s included less information about climate change than they did in the previous decade—despite significant advances in our under-standing of how climate change is influencing ecosystems and the environment. "In short，we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about climate change，which is a generation-defining topic in the life sciences，"says Jennifer Landin，author of the study."These books are the baseline texts for helping students understand the science of life on Earth，yet they are providing very little information about a phenomenon that is having a great impact on habitats，ecosystems，agriculture—almost every aspect（方面） of life on Earth." For the study，researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019.The researchers found climate coverage has varied greatly over those five decades and that the amount of climate coverage in textbooks fell off in the 2010s.In addition to length，the nature of the content has also changed greatly over time. "One of the most troubling findings was that textbooks are devoting less space to ad-dressing climate solutions now than they did in the 1990s—even as they focus more on the effects of climate change，"Landin says."That suggests to students that nothing can be done，which is both wildly misleading and contributes to a sense of fatalism（宿命论） regarding climate change." "We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors.We need to do a much better job of putting climate change into our courses if we want to pre-pare students to understand the role that climate change is playing in shaping life on Earth and how we study it，"Landin says.
（1）What is the example in paragraph 1 used to do？ A．Prove biology textbooks' poor performance. B．Show the dissatisfaction with climate change. C．Attract the attention of students studying biology. D．Show the content of textbooks published in the 2010s. （2）What is the problem of biology textbooks according to Landin？ A．No enough material about climate change. B．Not covering every aspect of life on Earth. C．Providing little new information about biology. D．No generation-defining topics in the textbooks. （3）How did the researchers conduct the study？ A．By tracking textbook publishers. B．By doing surveys of students in colleges. C．By observing climate change for 50 years. D．By investigating college biology textbooks. （4）What does Landin expect the study to function as？ A．A wake-up call for biology science. B．A warning to take biology seriously. C．A direction of studying climate change. D．An alarm bell for publishers and teachers.
201969.（2023•长安区•一模）
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education，so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population.Ideally，both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them. High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might，or than many other nations currently offer，creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not，or have a clear sense of purpose or interest，and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world. We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training，as well as the development of a work ethic（美德） and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development.I recommend Harvard's 2011"Pathways to Prosperity"report for more attention to the"forgotten half"（those who do not go on to college） and ideas about how to address this issue. Simultaneously，the liberal arts become more important than ever.In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet，the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning. Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech，knowing how to find information，and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles，and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime. Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated（恶化） by parental involvement in the college years.Given the rising investment in college education，parental concern is not surprising，but learning where and when to intervene will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
（1）What kind of education does the author think is ideal？ A．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives. B．It benefits the great majority of the general population. C．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society. D．It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled. （2）What does the author say is the problem with present high school education？ A．Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college. B．Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only. C．Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning. D．Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world. （3）What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage？ A．Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job. B．New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning. C．People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position. D．Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy. （4）What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on？ A．Practical skills urgently needed in current society. B．Solid background knowledge in a particular field. C．Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research. D．Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.
212914.（2024•周至四中•高二下期中）
Over the past decades，experts have done a considerable amount of research to explore different ways to encourage children's learning.Especially，there has been a common focus on how physical activity，separated from the learning activities，can improve children's learning.However，there has been less of a focus aimed at the potential of integrating （合并） physical activity into the learning activities. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen conducted the Basketball Mathematics study at five Danish primary and elementary schools.The main purpose of it was to develop a learning activity that integrates basketball and mathematics and examine how it might affect children's motivation for mathematics. 756 children from 40 different classes participated in the project，where about half of them — once a week for six weeks — had Basketball Mathematics during gym class，while the other half played basketball without mathematics. "During classes with Basketball Mathematics，the children had to collect numbers and perform calculations associated with various basketball exercises.An example could be counting how many times they could sink a basket from three meters away vs at a one-meter distance，and adding up the numbers.Both the math and basketball elements could be adjusted to suit the children's levels，as well as being adjusted for whether it was addition，multiplication or some other operations that needed to be practiced，" explains Linn Damsgaard，a leading researcher. The resultowed that children's motivation for math integrated with basketball was 16% higher compared to classroom math learning.Children also experienced a 14% increase in self-determination compared with classroom teaching.Meanwhile Basketball Mathematics improved their math confidence. "We are planning to do research to examine whether the Basketball Mathematics model can strengthen performance in mathematics.Once we have the final results，we hope that they will inspire school teachers and principals to prioritize （优先处理） more physical activity and movement in such subjects.Eventually，we hope to succeed in putting these tools into school system and teacher education，" says Associate Professor Jacob Wienecke.
（1）What is the purpose of paragraph 1？ A．To show the advantage of the study. B．To introduce a way to raise math grades. C．To conduct a review of past research. D．To explain the reason for the study. （2）What can we learn about the study？ A．It tailored activities to different kids. B．Kids were divided into 40 groups. C．It required kids to do math after playing basketball. D．Kids couldn't enjoy basketball in the process. （3）What effect does basketball have on the participants？ A．More motivation for exercise. B．A gain in desire to learn math. C．More confidence in basketball. D．A rise in determination to learn. （4）How does Jacob Wienecke expect the study to help educators？ A．Make math learning easier. B．Inspire students' math confidence. C．Build physical activity into teaching. D．Notice the benefits of physical exercise.
205208.（2021•长安区一中•高一上期末）
What you do after studying could play a big part in how well you learn and remember.Today on Education Tips，we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning：wakeful rest and sleep. When many students finish studying，they often go straight to another activity.Perhaps they look at their phone or computer.They might even play a video game or watch television.But research suggests that resting after your study may help you remember what you have studied. The basic idea is this：by stopping your activity after the study，your brain gets a chance to rest.Resting is difficult when you are playing computer games. While this might sound unusual to you，many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning---which is called "wakeful rest". A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember information they learned after doing wakeful rest. If you want to give "wakeful rest" a try，here are a few simple things to do.Rest quietly for five to ten minutes.Do not look at your phone，read stories or play games.It is really that easy! Besides wakeful rest，sleep is also important for learning.The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School （HMS） notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways.A report on the school's website explains that "a sleep-deprived（剥夺）person cannot focus attention well and therefore cannot learn well".It also says，"Sleep itself helps us to memorize and that memorizing is very important for learning new information. " The National Sleep Foundation（NSF）suggests that adults between the ages of 20 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day.Teenagers may need a little bit more，and people over the age of 65 may need a little less. Try to get some "wakeful rest" after a study.Then try to get a good night's sleep.That's it---a simple，no-cost way to help you remember what you learn.
（1）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ A．The importance of sleep. B．The good ways to get a rest. C．The reason for having a rest. D．The types of resting activities. （2）Which activity might be recommended shortly after studying？ A．Reading a newspaper. B．Playing a video game. C．Sitting there doing nothing. D．Having a nice sleep at night. （3）How long should teenagers sleep each day according to NSF？ A．Less than 7 hours. B．Just 7 hours. C．No more than 9 hours. D．Around 9 hours. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text？ A．Low-cost Tips on Working B．What to Do After Your Study C．Why Do We Need to Have a Good Sleep？ D．How Long Should We Rest After Learning？
201922.（2024•临潼区•二模）
For lots of kids，toddlerhood（幼儿期）is an important time for friendship.Studieow that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships，the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults.Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors，such as kindness，sharing，and cooperation. Even so，how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament.Some toddles are very social，but others are shy.In addition，the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying "I like you" during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate，they may still grab his toys，refuse to share，and get bossy.But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age.Through play experiences，toddlers learn social rules.That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines，explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （"Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？"），then suggest how he could resolve the problem（"Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball."）.When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心）toward a friend，praise him（"Ben stopped crying!You made him feel better."）. Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel.It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime.Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry，so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.
（1）What does the underlined word "temperament" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ A.Appearances. B.Ages. C.Characters. D.Interests. （2）What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior？ A.They are fond of their playmates. B.They are interested in acting. C.They are shy with the strangers. D.They are tired of playing games. （3）What does the author suggest parents do for their kids？ A.Find them suitable playmates. B.Design games for them. C.Play together with them. D.Help them understand social rules. （4）What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4？ A.Explaining concepts. B.Giving examples. C.Providing evidence. D.Making comparisons.
204260.（2023•长安区•高一上期末）
Math anxiety is far from uncommon，but too often，those who fear the subject simply avoid it.Research from the University of Chicago offers evidence for the link between math anxiety and avoidance. Studying nearly 500 adults through a computer program called the Choose-And-Solve Task （CAST），the researchers gave participants （参加者） a choice between math and word problems labeled "easy" and "hard".The easy problems were always worth two cents，while the hard problems were worth up to six cents.They also informed participants the computer task would change the questions in the process of testing based on their abilities，enabling them to handle about 70% of the hard problems. Although participants attempted hard word problems when promised higher monetary prizes，they rarely chose to do the same for math problems. "We found we couldn't even pay math-anxious individuals to do difficult math problems，" researcher Rozek says. The findings also contradict a widely held belief that feeling anxious about math and avoiding math-related problems is rooted in being bad at math. "If you take two students good at math，the math-anxious one will do worse at math than the one that isn't anxious." Such a mentality does more than stopping people from taking calculus courses or pursuing a career in STEM.It can affect everyday interactions with math-like leaving a tip in a restaurant.But all is not lost. "Reframing their anxiety from negative to positive could help math-anxious people re-engage.Giving those anxious about sitting exams guidance may lead them to perform better.Telling them if you're anxious，this is your body getting you ready to perform and focus，" Rozek says. "Another path may be to create early positive experiences around math.For example，telling stories featuring math and tackling problems around the story may be helpful." he adds.
（1）What does the University of Chicago offer evidence for？ A．The advantages of math anxiety. B．The link between math anxiety and avoidance. C．The importance of math. D．The link between anxiety and study. （2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A．How the study was organized. B．Why people chose easy problems. C．Who participated in the study. D．What the result was. （3）What is a common misunderstanding about math anxiety according to Paragraph 4？ A．Math anxiety is the cause of math avoidance. B．Math anxiety causes people to be bored of math. C．Math anxiety is a complex phenomenon in life. D．Math anxiety results from poor math performance. （4）Which of the following statements will Rozek agree with？ A．Reframing math anxiety from negative to positive is impossible. B．People with math anxiety should pay attention to math less. C．People can deal with math anxiety through proper ways. D．People with math anxiety won't perform better.
213457.（2023•周至六中•高二下期中）
How many calories are there in every meal you eat？That seems like a difficult question to answer.But students at Aitkin High School in the United States can easily answer it now.They put what they eat into an online calorie counter（计算器）.It quickly measures the amount of calories in their meals. In fact，this is part of the school's health class.It includes heart health，nutrition（营养） and fitness.Students can learn basic knowledge about fats，proteins（蛋白质），calories and sugar. Students learn how to balance calories in and out.They will know what happens when the balance isn't there. "The online calorie counter has turned out to be a cool tool to help you make healthy choices.Making one healthy eating decision can really make a difference." Adam Carlson，the teacher in charge，told local newspaper Aitkin Independent Age. They also discuss good ways to burn calories in the gym.According to Carlson，the gym is a great place to burn calories and get stronger.But it doesn't work for everyone.So they try to find different exercise tips. "I'm trying hard to teach the students that working out can be fun，challenging，and doesn't need to take hours out of the day，" she said. The class has indeed changed students. "I am now watching what I am eating and pay attention to the food labels，" said seventh-grader Karena Burgstaler.Another student James Erickson began to control his sugar input because it almost went over his daily calorie intake goal.
（1）After taking the health class，the students . A．try to keep a balanced diet B．eat more food with labels C．pay more attention to food prices D．stop eating sugary food （2）What do we know about the students from the first two paragraphs？ A．They try to cook healthy food with fewer calories by themselves. B．They learn about health and nutrition from the health class. C．They create a popular online calorie counter. D．They teach people about food nutrition in class. （3）Which of the following will Adam Carlson agree with？ A．Calories matter much more than protein. B．Fewer calories means better health. C．The calorie counter doesn't help at all. D．Healthy eating habits and exercise are both important. （4）What is the best title for the text？ A．Different ways to keep fit B．Counting calories to stay healthy C．Opinions on how to balance your diet D．A health class at Aitkin Independent Age
215284.（2016•长安区一中•高二下期中）
"Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice．Gifts are easy-they're given after all．Choices can be hard．"--Jeff Bezos．I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago．I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2，300 percent per year．I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast，and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me．I had just turned 30 years old，and I'd been married for a year．I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start-ups don't，and I wasn't sure what to expect．MacKenzie told me I should go for it．As a young boy，I'd been a garage inventor．I'd always wanted to be an inventor，and she wanted me to follow my passion． I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people，and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired．I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet．He took me on a long walk in Central Park，listened carefully to me，and finally said，"That sounds like a really good idea，but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job．"That logic made some sense to me，and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision．Seen in that light，it really was a difficult choice，but ultimately （最后），I decided I had to give it a shot．I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing．And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all． After much consideration，I took the less safe path to follow my passion，and I'm proud of that choice．For all of us，in the end，we are our choices．
（1）What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore？ A．His dream of being an inventor． B．The support of his wife． C．The greatly increasing usage of the Internet． D．Millions of exciting titles． （2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence？． A．The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind and disturb him． B．He would be very excited if he tried it out． C．He would be always having a doubt if he didn't try． D．The decision to not try the online bookstore would terrify him． （3）We can know from the passage that ． A．the boss thought the idea was suitable for the author B．the author wanted someone else to try the idea C．the author might not regret if he failed the idea D．the author might go back to his boss if he failed （4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ A．Cleverness and Kindness B．The Starting of Amazon C．Following My Passion D．We Are What We Choose．
204422.（2023•铁一中学•高二上期末）
As the climate warms，birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing，according to a new study.Researchers analyzed 70，716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years.The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change. "We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks，an assistant professor at the University of Michigan. "The species were pretty diverse，but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency waocking." He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events，like migration and birth.But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect. "That's one major implication，" he said， "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration." The findingowed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%.Over the same time，the wings lengthened by 1.3%. The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size，which in turn caused the increase in wing length. "Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，" Mr.Weeks said，explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys. He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies. The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off，losing body heat more quickly.
（1）What's the best title for the text？ A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate （2）What made Brian Weeks feel astonished？ A．It took 40 years to collect 70，716 birds from North America. B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change. C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research. D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings. （3）What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean？ A．Tiring. B．Important C．Easy. D．Pleasant （4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？ A．The migratory birds aren't big. B．The temperatures will be higher. C．The scientists will go on further study. D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.
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