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201827. （2024•西安中学•九模）     The view you adopt for yourself significantly affects the way you lead your life.It can determine whether you become the person you want to be and whether you achieve the things you value.How does this happen？How can a simple belief have the power to transform your psychology and，as a result，your life？
    Believing that your qualities are carved in stone-the fixed mindset-create s an urgency to prove yourself over and over.Some of us are trained in this mindset from an early age.Even as a child，I was focused on being smart，but the fixed mindset was really stamped in by Mrs Wilson，my sixth grade teacher.She believed that people's IQ scores told the whole story of who they were.We were seated around the room in IQ order，and only the highest-IQ students could be trusted to collect homework，or take a note to the principal.She was creating a mindset in which everyone in the class had one consuming goal—look smart，don't look stupid.
    I've seen so many people with this consuming goal of proving themselves—in the classroom，in their careers，and in their relationships.Every situation calls for a confirmation of their intelligence，personality，or character.Every situation is evaluated：Will I succeed or fail？Will I look smart or stupid？Will I feel like a winner or a loser？
    But doesn't our society value intelligence，personality，and character？Isn't it normal to want these qualities？Yes，but...
    There's another mindset，the growth mindset，which is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can develop through your efforts.Everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience.Did you know that Darwin and Tolstoy were considered ordinary children？That the photographer Cindy Sherman，who has been on almost every list of the most important artists of the twentieth century，failed her first photography course？
    You can see how the belief that valuable qualities can be developed creates a passion for learning.Why waste time proving how great you are，when you could be getting better？Why hide weaknesses instead of overcoming them？The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it，even when it's not going well，is the feature of the growth mindset.This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives.

（1）What is the author's attitude toward Mrs Wilson's way of teaching？
A.Unconcerned.
B.Sceptical.
C.Supportive.
D.Neutral.
（2）According to paragraph 5，the example of Darwin and Tolstoy shows that        .
A.success has nothing to do with natural gifts
B.achievements can be gained through hard work
C.It's difficult to predict one's future success
D.One single outcome defines our ability
（3）The author strongly believes that we should        .
A.carry out an honest evaluation of our qualities
B.See success as a proof of intelligence or talent
C.Focus on self-development rather than self-proving
D.Believe good things will happen during difficult times
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to        .
A.explain the differences between two mindsets
B.persuade people to adopt the right mindset
C.inform people of the influence of the mindset
D.advise people to access their mindset

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:4

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[考点]

品行与态度，说明文，细节理解，推理判断，

[答案]

BBCB

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段She believed that people's IQ scores told the whole story of who they were.We were seated around the room in IQ order，and only the highest﹣IQ students could be trusted to collect homework，or take a note to the principal.She was creating a mindset in which everyone in the class had one consuming goal—look smart，don't look stupid.（她认为，一个人的智商分数能反映出他是什么样的人。我们按照智商的顺序坐在教室里，只有智商最高的学生才能被信任去收作业，或者给校长留个便条。她正在创造一种心态，在这种心态下，班上的每个人都有一个消费目标——看起来聪明，不要看起来愚蠢。）以及第四段But doesn't our society value intelligence，personality，and character？Isn't it normal to want these qualities？Yes，but...（但是我们的社会不重视智力、个性和品格吗？想要这些品质不是很正常吗？是的，但是……）可知作者对这种按照智力去给学生贴上标签的教学方法是怀疑的，故选B项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段Everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience.（每个人都可以通过努力和经验来改变和成长。）可知作者引用Darwin和Tolstoy的例子想去证明每个人都可以通过努力和经历改变和成长。故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 I've seen so many people with this consuming goal of proving themselves—in the classroom，in their careers，and in their relationships.（我见过很多人在课堂上、在事业上、在人际关系上都有证明自己的强烈目标。）以及第五段Everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience.（每个人都可以通过努力和经验来改变和成长。）可见作者认为智力、个性和性格是证明自己的必要手段，但是每个人都可以通过努力和经历改变和成长，故作者认为我们应该注意自我发展而不是自我证明，故选C项。
（4）目的意图题。根据最后一段The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it，even when it's not going well，is the feature of the growth mindset.This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives.（成长型思维模式的特点是，即使进展不顺利，也要对自己的发展充满热情，并坚持下去。正是这种心态让人们在人生中最具挑战性的时刻取得成功。）可以推知，作者想通过本文劝说人们要采取正确心态面对生活。故选B项。

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本题考查了"品行与态度，说明文，细节理解，推理判断，"，属于"综合题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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201900. （2024•长安区•一模） By our very rough calculations，Reader's Digest has published some 35.000 articles in nearly 1，200 issues.These small pages have held some very big names，including U.S.presidents，world leaders，sports legends，and，indeed，the biggest contributors of all，everyday Americans with a story to tell.These are some of our proudest moments.
How to Keep Young Mentally by Mary B.Mullett
    This first article in the first issue highlighted inventor Alexander Graham Bell and his belief in lifelong learning： "The first essential of any real education is to observe.Observe!Remember!Compare!" It was an appropriate beginning，reflecting our self-educated founder's endless curiosity.
I've Come to Clean Your Shoes by Madge Harrah
    The morning of a family funeral，an acquaintance shows up unannounced and says， "I've come to clean your shoes." He spends the day quietly shining every pair in the house.The writer ends with： "Now，whenever I hear of an acquaintance who has lost a loved one，I try to think of one specific task suiting that person's need.And if the person says， 'How did you know I needed that done？'I reply， 'it's because a man once cleaned my shoes."
Strange Encounter on Coho Creek by Morris Homer Erwin
    A miner spends days camping in the Alaskan wilderness，working hard to earn the trust of a mother wolf stuck in a trap before she and her four pups starve to death.Eventually，he is able to free her.Four years later，he encounters a wolf in the same meadow.Yes，the same wolf.When we shared this classic on rd.com in 2019，it went viral and it has now been read by many millions online and in print.
How Honest Are We by Ralph Kinney Bennett
    Our famous "wallet drop" set up the ultimate test of honesty：If we left wallets in cities.around the country，how many would be returned？Well over half，it turned out-67 percent.The most honest city？Seattle，whose upstanding residents returned nine out of ten wallets.

（1）What do we know about the acquaintance in the story I've Come to Clean Your Shoes？
A.He shows concern by cleaning shoes.
B.He cleanoes at the owner's request.
C.He comforts the owner by telling his own story.
D.He visits the house where the owner is severely sick.
（2）Which article gained significant popularity online？
A.How to Keep Young Mentally.
B.I've Come to Clean Your Shoes.
C.Strange Encounter on Coho Creek.
D.How Honest Are We.
（3）Where can the text be found？
A.In a history book.
B.In a magazine.
C.In a.novel.
D.In a brochure.

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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202578. （2021•长安区•二模） Scientists have discovered an astonishing number of Antarctic blue whales in the waters off the coast of South Georgia，an island in the South Atlantic Ocean，suggesting decades of conservation efforts are paying off.
   During a 23-day survey，a team of researchers from the British Antarctic Survey（BAS） counted 55 animals.Dr.Trevor Branch，a scientist from the University of Washington，who specializes in studying blue whales，said the number was truly amazing.
   In the last century，Antarctic blue whales were nearly hunted to extinction for their blubber，a thick layer of fat that marine animals have under their skin to keep their bodies warm.Hunters used the blubber for oil to use in products like soap or fuel for oil lamps.Around South Australia，more than 33，000 whales are believed to have been killed.A hunting ban was introduced in 1966，but by that time the whales were critically endangered.In 2018 there were reported to be only around 3000 Antarctic blue whales left.
   These sightings by the BAS team，helped by scientists from the University of Auckland in New Zealand，are a positive sign that the population is increasing.
   "In a period of 40 or 50 years，I only had records for two sightings of blue whales around South Georgia，" Dr.Branch told the reporter. "So to go from basically nothing to 55 in one year is astonishing." The cold water around South Georgia has always been popular with whales because it is crowded with krill，tiny shrimp-like creatures that are the whales' favorite food.
   The high count was so unusual that other scientists wondered whether it was a one-off，perhaps caused by usually high number of krill temporarily attracting whales from other areas.However，Dr.Jennifer Jackson from BAS says the quantity of krill was no different from other years.She's confident the population growth shown in the recordings is real and down to the protection that the whales now have.This remains to be seen，but it is highly suggested that when the next assessment is released，most likely at the end of 2021，it could show a further increase in the number of Antarctic blue whales.With the comeback of the whale，this could be an inspiration for environmental campaigns that still have progress to make.

（1）Para.3 is mainly about       .
A．the danger that blue whales faced.
B．the efforts to save blue whales.
C．the importance of blue whales.
D．the effect of the hunting ban.
（2）What can we infer about the blue whales from the passage？
A．They will not be endangered in the near future.
B．The number of them rises because their food increases.
C．More conservation activities will be held to protect them.
D．The coast of South Georgia offered them suitable temperature.
（3）As for other scientists' opinion on the high count，Dr.Jennifer Jackson is       .
A．supportive
B．disapproving
C．fearful
D．uncertain
（4）What is the best title of the passage？
A．Blue Whales Makes Surprise Comeback
B．An Amazing Secret of Blue Whales
C．The Best Way to Protect Blue Whales
D．Blue Whales Set New Trends in Conservation

共享时间:2021-03-21 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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201580. （2025•长安区•一模） Kindness May Keep You Healthy If you are driving in the United States，you may see a common bumper （汽车保险杠） sticker on passing vehicles that reads：（1）       The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle，caring，and helpful way towards others without thinking or planning ahead.
    Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better.In one experiment，Brian Are，an anthropologist （人类学家） at Duke University，asked a group of people to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week.（2）       The people who were caring，gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment，satisfaction and happiness.
    （3）       Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the disease Multiple Sclerosis （多发性硬化）.She found that they felt better physically when helping others.Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation （炎症） in their bodies.And in other studies，Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people.
    Other research haown that many people prize kindness above other values.In one study，researchers gave people a list of values —such as kindness，creativity，ambition，tradition，security，seeking social justice，and seeking power.（4）
    "The basic reason why people are kind，" Oliver Curry，explained，the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization， "is that we are social animals.（5）       " In other words，we are designed to be kind.

A.Acts of kindness are very powerful.
B.Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger，grief or desire.
C.However，being kind is not just emotionally beneficial.
D.Perform random acts of kindness.
E.The behavior could be small，like opening a door for someone.
F.He found that being kind makes people feel better emotionally.
G.When asked to pick the most important，kindness won.

共享时间:2025-03-05 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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205603. （2019•西安中学•高一上期末） Since the first Earth Day in 1970，American have gotten a lot"greener"toward the environment．"We didn't know at that time there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，"says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA．
   But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement．"The understanding has increased many，many times，"says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first．
    According to US government reports，emissions （排放）from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place．A kind of"Green thinking"has become part of practices．
    Great improvement has been achieved．In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6，600．Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．
   Twenty-five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment．Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program．"Until we do that，nothing else will change!"say Bruce Anderson．

（1）According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about        ．
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
（2）Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from？
A．The grass-roots level
B．The business circle
C．Government officials
D．University professors
（3）What have Americans achieved in environmental protection？
A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest
B．They have settled their environmental problems
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures．
（4）What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph？
A．Education
B．Planning
C．Green living
D．CO reduction

共享时间:2019-02-19 难度:4 相似度:1.5

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204622. （2023•高新一中•高二上期末） Dreams，according to Carl Jung，reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness.In Jungian philosophy，the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives.While Jung's mystical theories are debatable，he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming.A growing number of reportow that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
   This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic （新陈代谢的） systems，let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns，which has long-term consequences on our memory system.One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM （Rapid Eye Movement） sleep，the stage in which we dream，the mice couldn't strengthen memories.
   You might think this is just a sleep problem，but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest.We sleep in cycles，each lasting about 90 minutes；in a sleep cycle，we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM.As the night progresses，REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep （one of the stages of non-REM sleep） decreases.The longer we sleep，the more time we spend in REM，which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning.If we sleep less than seven hours，however，it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.
   The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer.We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly.However，we're not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant （抗抑郁剂） — dreams.Instead，we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep，which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
   We're paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways.For example，a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep，REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration （整合） of unassociated information.Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions.
   Rowan Hooper，the managing editor at New Scientist，writes that dreams that include an "emotional core" appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits.

（1）What's Carl Jung's view about dreams？
A．They cause chaos.
B．They damage immunity.
C．They reveal secrets.
D．They mirror reality.
（2）Why is the sleep process explained in paragraph 3？
A．To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep.
B．To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours.
C．To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached.
D．To show people often dream when waking up in the morning.
（3）What conclusion can be inferred from paragraph 5？
A．REM sleep promotes creativity.
B．REM sleep helps fight depression.
C．The brain still receives new information during REM sleep.
D．The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B．The absence of dreams is terrible for us.
C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize.
D．Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.

共享时间:2023-02-08 难度:5 相似度:1.35

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204318. （2023•未央区•高一上期末） Li Ting，15，from Shanghai，was preparing a talk on some western festivals.She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentations.Wu Qiong，her classmate，was doing his chemistry homework carefully.But he couldn't work out the last problem even he tried his best.So he took out his mobile phone，opened a special app，and searched the problem.Solutions soon appeared on the screen in several seconds.
   Nowadays，many students do homework online with the help of the Internet.They search online，use apps or discuss through QQ and WeChat.
   "It's convenient.You don't have to wait for your teacher to explain it to you face to face，" according to Wu. "You can also learn by seeing how others work them out.What's more，it improves students' abilities.And it's especially true for new kinds of homework.I am quite skilled at finding information online and using Microsoft Office."
   However，this trend （趋势） also causes problems.Some lazy students just copy the answers online without thinking.Even some ask their classmates to do homework for them.And their teacher may not know the fact.
   Anyhow，knowing how to use the Internet is important.The key is to have good self-control.When you come across a difficult problem，think about it by yourself first.Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the Internet，or you won't make progress.It he are not sure about your self-control，ask your parents for help.

（1）Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet to        .
A．play games
B．make friends
C．take exams
D．search information
（2）According to Wu，he thinks        .
A．the new learning way is difficult
B．studentould use the new learning way
C．studentould study with the teacher face to face
D．students can copy others' homework online
（3）When a student uses the Internet，he must        .
A．have an app
B．have a mobile phone
C．ask his parents for help
D．have good self-control
（4）What's the main idea about the passage？
A．How to learn a language
B．How to do homework
C．What's the new way of learning
D．What's a new computer app

共享时间:2023-02-17 难度:5 相似度:1.35

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204422. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期末） As the climate warms，birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing，according to a new study.Researchers analyzed 70，716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years.The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
   "We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks，an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
   "The species were pretty diverse，but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency waocking."
   He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events，like migration and birth.But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
   "That's one major implication，" he said， "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration."
   The findingowed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%.Over the same time，the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
   The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size，which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
   "Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，" Mr.Weeks said，explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
   He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
   The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off，losing body heat more quickly.

（1）What's the best title for the text？
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
（2）What made Brian Weeks feel astonished？
A．It took 40 years to collect 70，716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
（3）What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean？
A．Tiring.
B．Important
C．Easy.
D．Pleasant
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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204961. （2022•阎良区•高二上期末） What makes a human being？Is it our thoughts？Our emotions？Our behavior？All of these things make us who we are，but at the center of the matter is the genome（基因组）-the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence.But if we could change our genome，what would it mean to us？
   In an online video posted on Nov 26，He Jiankui，a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China，said that he had helped to make the world's first genetically edited babies.
   These are twin girls，born in November，with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection with the AIDS virus.
   He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China. "I feel such a strong responsibility that it's not just to make a first，but also to set an example，" he told the Associated Press（AP）.
   The announcement has caused an international storm.Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients.Considering that HIV is "a major and growing public health threat，" attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable，Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
   However，others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
   "Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations（突变），causing genetic problems early and later in life，including the development of cancer，" Julian Savuleseu，a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford，told BBC News.
   Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies.It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby's eye color to intelligence.
   "You could find wealthy parents buying the latest upgrades for their children，leading to even greater inequality than we already live with，" Marcy Darnovsky，director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics，told BBC News.

（1）Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies？
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to become the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
（2）What does the underlined word "justifiable" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Absurd.
B．Hopeless.
C．Skilful.
D．Acceptable.
（3）For those who are against gene editing technology，their reasons are as follows EXCEPT        .
A．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person's body
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．Gene Editing：The Genie in the Bottle.
B．Gene Editing：The Way We Should Go.
C．Gene Editing：Hope or Fear for Human Beings.
D．Gene Editing：A Great Success in Human History.

共享时间:2022-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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202388. （2021•西安中学•十模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have turned ordinary sheets of wood into transparent material that is nearly as clear as glass，but stronger and with better insulating properties（隔热性）.It could become an energy efficient building material in the future.
   Wood is made of two basic ingredients：cellulose，which are tiny fibres，and lignin （木质素），which is a glue-like material that bonds the fibres together to give it strength.The lignin also contains molecules called chromophores，which give the wood its brown color and prevent light from passing through.
   Early attempts to make transparent wood involved removing the lignin，but this involved harmful chemicals，high temperatures and a lot of time，making the product expensive and somewhat fragile.The new technique is so cheap and easy that it could literally be done in a backyard.
   Starting with pieces of wood a meter long and one millimeter thick，the scientists simply brushed on a solution（溶液）of hydrogen peroxide using an ordinary paint brush.When left in the sun，or under a UV lamp for an hour or so，the peroxide remove color from the brown chromophores but left the lignin undamaged，so the wood turned white.Next，they filled the wood with a tough transparent epoxy，which filled in the spaces in the wood and then hardened.This made the white wood transparent.
   As window material，it would be much more resistant to accidental breakage.The clear wood is lighter than glass，with better insulating properties，which is important because windows are a major source of heat loss in buildings.It also might take less energy to produce clear wood because there are no high temperatures involved.
   Transparent wood could become an alternative to glass in energy efficient buildings，or perhaps coverings for solar panels in harsh environments.There could be no end of uses.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of wood strength.
B．The characteristics of wood.
C．The causes of wood color.
D．The structure of wood.
（2）How did the researchers make wood transparent in the past？
A．By removing the lignin.
B．By reducing chemicals.
C．By lowering the temperature.
D．By changing the experiment site.
（3）What is the function of the epoxy？
A．To make the wood stronger.
B．To take away the brown color.
C．To turn the wood transparent.
D．To fill the spaces in the wood.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Replacing Glass with Wood
B．Turning Wood Transparent
C．Energy Saving Material
D．Eco-friendly Alternative

共享时间:2021-07-07 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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204942. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016，accounting for nearly one in ten deaths，according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018. "It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health，" said Sadie Boniface，head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies.While there is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking，with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health，according to a recent study.
   In the observational study，researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25，000 people in the UK，and their brain scans.The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter—regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed，" according to lead author Anya Topiwala，a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
   "The more people drank，the less the volume of their gray matter，" Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia （痴呆）.Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing，" she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this （0.8%），it was a greater contribution than other 'changeable' risk factors，" she said，explaining that changeable risk factors are "ones you can do something about，in contrast to aging."
   The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns，beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking—meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it.They also found no evidence that the type of drink—such as wine，spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain.
   However，certain characteristics，such as high blood pressure or obesity，could put people at higher risk，researchers added.So we shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks.

（1）How was the observational study developed？
A．By comparing brain and health.
B．By comparing people and the researchers.
C．By comparing information and gray matter.
D．By comparing alcohol intake and brain scans.
（2）What is the result of the research？
A．Drinking wine have no impact on brain.
B．Drinking spirits have more impact on brain.
C．Drinking alcohol can cause reducing of brain volume.
D．Drinking alcohol can lead to obesity.
（3）Which of the following groups has a higher risk when drinking alcohol？
A．People drinking more types.
B．People with high blood pressure.
C．People selling the wine.
D．People with diabetes.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？
A．Stay Away From Alcohol.
B．Lack of Sleep.
C．Consumer Health.
D．Keep-fit Exercise.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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202368. （2021•西安中学•四模） Sure，chocolate is a delicious treat，and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts.But it's not a health food，so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right？
   Well，it turns out that eating chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit.According to research conducted by five scientists in Italy，compounds found in chocolate，called flavanols，can help boost cognitive （认知的） performance.Yup，chocolate's good for your brain.
   The scientists，studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila，summarized research from ten different studies.The studies assessed people's performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate.The results were pretty telling：in nine out of the ten studies，there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate.The scientists found improvements in "general cognition，attention，processing speed and working memory." Sounds pretty good to us!
   And that's not all.In subjects，especially women，who performed the tests while sleep-deprived，the flavanols helped relieve the negative effects of the sleep deprivation.And there's even more good news.The researchers also found that eating chocolate daily （over periods ranging from five days to three months） produced noticeable long-term improvements in cognition.Older adults，whose memories were already declining，saw an especially significant improvement.
   All chocolate has flavanols，since they occur naturally in cocoa.However，dark chocolate lovers feel happy，because it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate.In fact，the scientists themselves have claimed that，after doing this research，they've started eating dark chocolate every day!
   Now，we're not saying you should start eating chocolate for breakfast，lunch and dinner - it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients.But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night，snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic.

（1）What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．As much as possible.
B．For three meals.
C．In right amount.
D．Not in the least
（2）How does a student perform while learning after eating chocolate？
A．He memorizes less than before.
B．He can't concentrate on lessons in the slightest.
C．He becomes more excited.
D．He understands what the teacher says faster.
（3）According to the passage，if your memory fails，what should you do？
A．Eat chocolate as three meals.
B．Use chocolate as a daily snack.
C．Hunt for dark chocolate.
D．Ask a doctor for advice.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．Chocolate is a beneficial but unhealthy food.
B．Eating chocolate benefits our learning.
C．Eating chocolate works on your sleep.
D．Chocolate contains low nutrients.

共享时间:2021-04-22 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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204497. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末） Fast walkers may live longer than dawdlers （缓慢的人）— regardless of their weight，a new study suggests.
    Researchers at Leicester University analyzed data on 474，919 people with an average age of 52 in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2016.They found women who walked briskly had a life expectancy of 86.7 to 87.8 years old，and men who kept up the pace had a life expectancy of 85.2 to 86.8.Slow walkers hadn't much encouraging prospects （前景）：women had a life expectancy of 72.4，and men of 64.8 years old，if they were more leisurely in their movements.According to the paper，published last week，that ratio held true even if the fast walkers were severely overweight.It does not necessarily mean fast walkers will live longer.Experts say it suggests walking speed could be a simple way for doctors to judge their patients' general health alongside other tests.
   It is hardly the first study holding up walking speed as a powerful evidence that appears to improve and determine our health.
   In 2011，the Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA） published a study by Stephanie Studenski，who found the same：walking speed was a reliable predictor of life expectancy.
   In 2013，US researchers found walking pace was linked to lower heart disease risk and longer life expectancy.In 2018，a study from the University of Sydney found picking up your walking pace to even an "average speed" could cut your risk of premature death by a fifth.
   And Tom Yates，the physical activity professor at Leicester who's behind the latest study，has been publishing findings on this connection for years.
   In 2017，he analyzed the same UK Biobank data and found walking speed appeared to affect the risk of dying from heart disease — concluding that the slowest walkers were twice as likely to suffer a heart-related death compared to quick walkers.

（1）What does the underlined word "briskly" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．Casually.
B．Quickly.
C．Actively.
D．Energetically.
（2）What does the paper published last week show？
A．Most fast walkers are overweight.
B．Fast walkers have a simple way of living.
C．Walking speed can help doctors know about their patients' general health.
D．Doctors will surely have better ways to cure their patients of their illness.
（3）What did US researchers find？
A．Walking slowly is bad for people's health.
B．Walking speed can predict a person's life expectancy.
C．People won't die early by increasing their walking pace.
D．Lower heart disease risk is determined partly by walking pace.
（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．Fast Walkers May Have a Long Life Expectancy
B．Life Expectancy Is Determined by Exercise
C．Researchers Try to Improve Life Expectancy
D．The Public Doubt Researches on Walking Speed

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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202501. （2021•西安中学•一模） Free school meals are back in the news.Footballer Marcus Rashford's petition（请愿书） to extend free school meals provision （供给） into the school holidays has collected 1.1 million signatures，causing the government to reverse policy.It has restarted the debate over free school meals，fuelled，most recently，by figures forecasting that if the government ends as planned the current ￡20 top-up（附加款），another 200，000 children will slip into poverty.This is in addition to the 550，000 children already living in poverty previous to COVID-19.
   The roots of the current school meals system lie in the mid-19th century.In Manchester，independent charities as well as official bodies started to provide free meals for undernourished children in the 1870s.When education became compulsory in the following decades，the extent of the issue became apparent.Proponents of feeding starving children pointed out that it was due to government order that children were in school，not working and contributing to the family food budget，so the government should pay.
   Reception was mixed.Then，as now，children rejected foods they weren't used to.Diaries of the time talked of "little bags of mystery" （sausages）.Some children were put off brassicas （芥菜类） for life.Finding the balance between cheap and good proved hard.The chief medical officer talked about the lack in calorie value and elements of a well-balanced diet which a needy child does not get at home，such as milk，cheese，eggs，green vegetables，fruit and meat.In 1980，the Tory government，desperate to cut costs，made provision largely optional and abolished nutritional standards.Over the next 15 years convenience and cost became the most important.
   Today，school meals provision is linked to benefits：in England around 17 percent of children are entitled to free school meals.Provision is outsourced （外包），leading to huge variation.In the last year，we've seen all of the age-old debates repeated once more.How do we decide who is entitled？How do we guarantee quality？Who decides what children eat？Who pays？Undernutrition does not just have physical effects，but also affects behavior and ability to learn.It has a lifelong impact.The arguments around free school meals seem never to end.But they are hugely important and，until poverty is ended，they will not and should not go away.

（1）Why did Marcus Rashford start the petition？
A．To feed an increasing number of children in poverty.
B．To restart the debate over free school meals.
C．To raise fund for hunger relief for children.
D．To lift children out of poverty.
（2）What does the paragraph 2 probably talk about？
A．Manchester and independent charities set up school free meals.
B．It was government that should pay for the school meals.
C．How did the current school meals system come into existence？
D．It was compulsory education that contributed to free school meals.
（3）What can we infer about school meals from paragraph 3？
A．Some children liked brassicas provided in the school.
B．School meals were both tasty and cheap.
C．School meals failed to meet children's nutritional needs.
D．The Tory government chose nutrition over cost.
（4）What does the writer think of the debates over free school meals？
A．Never-ending.
B．Meaningless.
C．Influential.
D．Necessary.

共享时间:2021-03-08 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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202520. （2021•西安中学•二模） Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day and both total body fat percentage and abdominal or trunk fat.
   They found that women aged 20---40 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest level of obesity，3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee.Among women aged between 45-69，those who drank four or more cups had an obesity percentage 4.1% lower.
   Overall，the average total body fat percentage was 2.8% lower among women of all ages who drank two or three cups of coffee per day.
   The findings were consistent whether the coffee consumed was caffeinated（含咖啡因的）or decaffinated and among smokers/non-smokers and those suffering from chronic diseases（慢性病） when compared to those in good health.
   In men，the relationship was less significant although men aged 20-44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.3% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who didn't consume coffee.
   Around 7 million tons of coffee is consumed globally every year.Dr.Lee Smith，senior author of the study，said： "Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weight and which could potentially be used as anti-obesity compounds."
   "It could be possible that coffee，or its effective ingredients could be integrated into a healthy diet strategy to reduce the burden of chronic conditions related to the obesity，" Dr.Lee Smith added. "It's important to interpret the findings of this study in light of its limitations - the study was at a specific point in time so trends cannot be established.However，we don't believe that someone's weight is likely to influence their coffee consumption."

（1）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Coffee has less effect on men than women in fat according to the findings.
B．The women aged 20-44 like to drink two or three cups of coffee per day.
C．The researchers found that the coffee consumers preferred caffeinated coffee.
D．Trends will be established to limit people's weight by their coffee consumption.
（2）What in coffee mainly influences body fat according to Dr.Lee Smith？
A．The caffeine.
B．The decaffeinated.
C．The effective compounds.
D．The rich nutrition.
（3）What might the study be used for？
A．Developing a new coffee.
B．The treatment of obesity.
C．The treatment of heart disease.
D．The study of physical differences between the sexes.
（4）Where is this text most likely from？
A．A diary.
B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.
D．A magazine.

共享时间:2021-03-16 难度:1 相似度:1.25

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2024-06-24

高中英语 | | 阅读理解

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