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220182. （2018•交大附中•高二下一月） As Artificial Intelligence （AI） becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat．This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable （可程序化） code．
   Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language．
   For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children． "You would want that robot preloaded （顶装） with a good set of values， "said Russell．
   Some robots are already programmed with basic human values．For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans．Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do．
   It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules．
   Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior．They are dangerous only if programmers are careless．
   The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo （禁忌）．
   One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation．
   If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps （嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human．If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else．
   The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules．But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity．

（1）What does the author say about the threat of robots？
A．It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers．
B．It accompanies all machinery involving high technology．
C．It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language．
D．It has become an inevitable peril （祸害） as technology gets more sophisticated．
（2）What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to he author？
A．They are aggressive
B．They are outgoing．
C．They are ignorant．
D．They are ill-educated．
（3）How do robots learn human values？
A．By interacting with human in everyday life situations．
B．By following the daily routines of civilized human beings．
C．By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior．
D．By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings．
（4）What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？
A．Keep a distance from possible dangers．
B．Stop to seek advice from a human being．
C．Trigger its built-in alarm system at once．
D．Do sufficient testing before taking action．
（5）What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？
A．Determine what is moral and ethical．
B．Design some large-scale （大规模的） experiments．
C．Set rules for man-machine interaction．
D．Develop a more sophisticated program．

共享时间:2018-04-16 难度:2

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科技，说明文，

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[解析]

（1）C．细节理解题．根据第一段This danger can be avoided if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code．可知，前一句提到了机器人有可能会成为一种威胁，这一句提到如果我们可以想出能够把人类价值转换成计算机编码，这种威胁就可以避免．故选C．
（2）D．细节理解题．根据第四段最后"obviously there are…，you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought﹣up person would do．"你不会觉得这是一个受过良好教育的人会做的事．ill﹣bred意为"粗野的，没有教养的"，故选D．
（3）C．细节理解题．根据第六段"Roberts could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior"机器人也可以从关于人类行为的数据中去学习人类价值，故选C．
（4）B．细节理解题．根据第九段"If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportune to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human．"当面临一个非常规情景时，具有良好编程的机器人会停下来寻求人类的帮助．故选B．
（5）A．细节理解题．根据最后一段"the most difficult step in programming…deciding exactly what we believe is moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules．" 最难的一步是确定什么是道德的，并且怎样去制订一系列的道德准则．故选A．

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204279. （2023•阎良区•高二下期末）     Modem advancements in digital and online technology are changing the art market.Online events are becoming more popular than ever as they can be attended by anyone from anywhere.At the heart of this online art world are OVRs.
   Before going into how OVRs are shaping the art world，it's important to understand what they are.An OVR is an Online Viewing Room that allows art enthusiasts to take part in events through their computer screens.OVRs transmit galleries and events to art lovers through live feed which can be viewed from anywhere in the world!
   OVRs enable art to travel across the world，without ever leaving the studio!This increases the number of possible collectors and buyers that will be able to view new pieces.
   Online viewings also meant that the art market could continue to function and exhibit art，even with lockdown restrictions.Although many events were cancelled，a study showed 41% of wealthy people bought work at a fair in 2020，while 45% did it through an online viewing room.
   Besides，OVR displays can be changed easily and updated at any time.This means that viewers can easily stay on track with the latest works and view updated displays as regularly as they would like.
   While OVRs may be practical，many enthusiasts say that the online viewing platforms don't provide the full gallery experience，and this is their main problem.Physical art shows allow enthusiasts to network with new people，discuss and see the art in real life before making a decision to buy.
   So，will OVRs continue to rise？Probably yes：OVRs are likely to play a big role in future art sales.This is because online viewing platforms bring a number of benefits to art lovers.However，the interactive aspect of viewing art cannot be fully replaced by OVRs，so expect a combination of the physical and the digital art world.

（1）What is the author's main purpose in writing Paragraph 1？
A．To bring up the topic of the text.
B．To list some interesting examples.
C．To show the types of the markets.
D．To introduce a problem to be solved.
（2）What do the percentages in Paragraph 4 show？
A．The art market is easily affected by accidents.
B．OVRs are more effective than face-to-face events.
C．OVRs help the art market to survive during lockdown.
D．People involved in art sales are mostly from wealthy families.
（3）What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about？
A．The future of OVRs.
B．The history of OVRs.
C．The popularity of OVRs.
D．The disadvantages of OVRs.
（4）What can we know from the last paragraph？
A．OVRs will gradually replace face-to-face art events.
B．OVRs will coexist with the physical art world.
C．OVRs will create an interactive atmosphere for art lovers.
D．OVRs will make up more than half of the future art market.

共享时间:2023-07-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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214805. （2017•长安区一中•高二上期中） Modern inventions have speeded up people's lives amazingly．Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour．Aircraft cross the world a day，while computers operate at lightning speed．Indeed，this love of speed seems never-ending．
All this saves time，but at a price．When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane，our bodies tell us so．We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag．Again，spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers．Mobile phones also have their dangers according to some scientists；too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains，a consequence we do not like to think about．
However，what do we do with the time we have saved？Certainly not relax．We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing．Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world．
There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle．No multi-tasking there；their lives went on at a much gentler pace．There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this．Yet before we do so，we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced：they farmed with bare hands，often lived close to hunger，and had to fashion tools from wood and stone．Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive（原始的） existence．

（1）The new products become more and more time-saving because        ．
A．our love of speed seems never-ending
B．time is limited
C．the prices are increasingly high
D．the manufacturers boast a lot
（2）What does"the days"in Paragraph 3 refer to        ？
A．Imaginary life
B．Simple life in the past
C．Times of inventions
D．Time for constant activity
（3）What is the author's attitude towards the modern technology？
A．Critical
B．Objective
C．Optimistic
D．Negative
（4）What does the passage mainly discuss        ？
A．The present and past times
B．Machinery and human beings
C．Imaginations and inventions
D．Modern technology and its influence．

共享时间:2017-11-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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201884. （2024•周至县•一模）      Since 2001，robotic tools have revolutionized the practice of surgery.They have greatly reduced the stress and physical demands normally placed on surgeons and have made certain procedures possible.
    One example is "keyhole surgery"，or minimally invasive （微创） surgery，which normally requires surgeons to stand at awkward angles and make difficult movements with their hands to make a cut inside the patient.But in June 2022，surgeon James Ansell used 3 D glasses and two sticks to control four robotic arms to perform a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor. "My colleague said...that this feels like cheating，" Ansell said to The Guardian.
    Another area of surgery that has had major technological breakthroughs in recent years is telesurgery.Normally，telesurgery relies on a wired connection due to concerns of harming the patient should a wireless connection drop during surgery，but China made several advancements in wireless telesurgery based on 5 G technology.
    China achieved the first 5 G-based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing，a distance totaling nearly 3，000 kilometers.More recently，a team of surgeons successfully completed remote micron-level eye surgery on rabbits located in a different city.The rabbits were at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhbù，Guangdon g province，whereas the surgical team who operated on them via a 5 G robot were at the Hainan Eye Hospital in Haikou，Hainan province.
    Looking to the future，people hope that remote surgery could become commonplace to help heal injured soldiers on the battlefield while keeping surgeons at a safe distance.Some even believe that robotic systems，combined with AI，could one day exceed human surgeons.
    But，given current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots which can cost millions of dollars，the complete robot takeover of surgery may still be a while off.

（1）What does the "keyhole surgery" example intend to show？
A．Great complexity of robotic surgery.
B．Physical challenges surgeons face.
C．Surgical progress enabled by robotic tools.
D．Urgent need for advanced 3 D technology.
（2）What significant achievement did China make in the field of telesurgery？
A．Achieving remote surgery using a wired connection.
B．Completing successfully remote eye surgery on humans.
C．Conducting a 5 G-based remote operation on rabbits overseas.
D．Performing the first wireless brain surgery with 5 G technology.
（3）What can be inferred from the text about robots in the medical field？
A．They are quite affordable.
B．They are currently in high demand.
C．They have not been widely used.
D．They have gone beyond human capabilities.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？
A．Robotic Surgery Uses 5 G Technology
B．Keyhole Surgery Benefits Human Beings
C．Autonomous Robot Achieves Great Progress
D．Medical Robotics Revolutionizes Surgery Method

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:2 相似度:2

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202301. （2022•西工大附中•六模） Reading minds may not be simple，but it might be possible actually.What if a brain scan could reveal your memories？A team of British scientists recently just did that — they used brain scans to look at spatial （空间的） memory in four people.Spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are.You use spatial memory to remember how to get from your house to school.People build spatial memory as they explore a new city or a new building and take in information about their surroundings.
   The scientists asked each participant to sit down at a computer and wander through 3 D rooms.These virtual rooms contained images of objects，like clocks and doors，so that the people could know where they were.Each person was encouraged to explore the virtual space.
   As the people became familiar with these rooms，their brains were taking notes of where things were，and how to get from one point to another.After observing these rooms，the participants were instructed to go to a specific location within the rooms.At this point，the scientists took pictures of the people's brains using an instrument called FMRI （核磁共振成像）.As participants stared at the floor，the scientists took FMRI scans to measure brain activity.
   They repeated this process many times.After a few repetitions，the scientists recognized the patterns in the participants' brains.By looking at patterns on the brain scans，the scientists were able to read the spatial memory of the test subjects.
This experiment shows that it is possible to use FMRI to gather some kinds of memories from people.However，your secret thoughts and personal memories are safe — for now. "It is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read his private thoughts，" said one of the scientists who worked on the project.

（1）What can we learn about spatial memory from the first paragraph？
A．It contributes to exploring a new subject.
B．It lets you remember what has been done.
C．It helps you memorize places where you are.
D．It takes in information about new knowledge.
（2）Which of the following is the right order of the study？
a.The scientists took photos of the brains with the FMRI.
b.The scientists read the spatial memory of the participants.
c.The participants were asked to explore virtual rooms.
d.The scientists repeated the process a few times.
A．a，b，c，d
B．c，a，d，b
C．b，c，d，a
D．c，d，a，b
（3）Why are our secret mind and private memories safe？
A．Because FMRIs can't gather any memory from people.
B．Because scientists can't understand all pictures taken by FMRIs.
C．Because FMRIs can't be completely reliable now.
D．Because scientists can't read people's thoughts directly.
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？
A．Spatial memory and FMRIs.
B．A very important research.
C．How scientists can read people's memories.
D．A new kind of camera — FMRIs.

共享时间:2022-05-23 难度:2 相似度:2

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201903. （2024•长安区•一模）     When wind blows through a bigleaf maple （大叶枫），paper-thin，wing-like seeds called samaras gently spin towards the ground.The fruit's tissue allows the wind to guide it further away from the tree.Inspired by the seeds，researchers designed a tiny，winged microchip，no larger than a grain of sand，that is powerful enough to monitor environmental pollution and airborne disease.
    Called the microflier，the microchip has no motor to push it forward in the air but instead was designed to catch the wind.To perfect the microchip's flying capability and shape，scientists took inspiration from the forms of various airborne seeds.The research team improved various designs until the microfliers flew slowly and more steadily than nature's samara seeds.The slower falling rate allows the microchip to keep flying for longer，which gives it more time to collect data and monitor air pollutants and airborne diseases.
    To perfect the microflier's flight，researchers took inspiration from children's pop-up books to create the three-dimensional wings.Usually，electronic microchips are flat，two-dimensional objects，but something flat won't take flight.To make the 3-D shape，John.
A．Rogers and his team built a stretched rubber base that the microchip rests on.The wings pop into flight mode when the rubber base is relaxed.
    The chip gathers data with sensors across its surface that can sense and monitor pH levels，test for heavy metals or chemicals，and track air pollution.An antenna （天线） on the microflier then sends all the collected data to a computer or phone.Rogers and his team are planning to test out the electronic chips soon by dropping thousands of the chips in a field.The microfliers will change color depending on the number of heavy metals present in the field where they land.A drone will then fly over the area and take photos of the microflier's colors，allowing researchers to map out the pollutants.
    Rogers and his team also designed the microchips to break down over time to prevent environmental pollution.

（1）What is the winged microchip designed to do？
A．Guide seeds from the tree.
B．Prevent airborne diseases.
C．Keep track of air qualities.
D．Catch the wind to fly away.
（2）What do paragraph 2 and 3 focus on？
A．Where researchers draw inspiration.
B．How the microflier has improved.
C．What the microchip does for humans.
D．Why the microflier flies more stably.
（3）What do the researchers do with the microflier in the future？
A．Drop chips in the field.
B．Monitor the soil color.
C．Map out air pollutants.
D．Handle soil pollution.
（4）Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text？
A．Winged microchips for monitoring environment
B．Microflier：A flying device of spreading seeds
C．Drone：A photographer of microflier's colors
D．Electronic chips for finding airborne diseases

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:2 相似度:2

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212667. （2025•临潼区•高二下期中）     Researchers at Columbia University have developed a new artificial intelligence （AI） method that can accurately predict gene activity in any human cell，essentially revealing the cell's inner mechanisms.Detailed in the latest issue of Nature，this system has the potential to change how scientists study cancer，genetic disorders，and other diseases.
    "Predictive generalizable computational models allow to uncover biological processes in a fast and accurate way.These methods can effectively conduct large-scale（大规模的） computational experiments，boosting and guiding traditional experimental approaches，" says Raul Rabadan，senior author of the new paper.
    Traditional biological methodow how cells function or respond to changes，but they lack the ability to predict these processes.Recent advances in AI and massive biological data collections are making thiift possible.However，using AI to predict gene activity inside cells has been a greater challenge—until now.
    Rabadan's team developed an AI model trained on gene expression data from over 1.3 million normal human cells.Unlike earlier models trained on limited data，this system uses genome sequences（基因组序列） and accessibility data to predict which genes are active in any cell.The process is similar to how language models like MindLink，an AI chat tool，work：It learns patterns from data and applies them to new situations.Testing showed the model could accurately predict gene activity in cell types it had not encountered，matching experimental results closely.
    The researchers applied the AI model to study pediatric leukemia，a childhood cancer caused by inherited mutations（遗传变异）.The model predicted how these mutations disturb critical processes in cells，a finding later confirmed through experiments.This understanding highlights the specific mechanisms driving the disease.The AI model could also reveal unexplored regions of the genome，often linked to cancer.These "dark" regions do not code for proteins but may play key roles in disease.
    Already，Rabadan is working with researchers at Columbia and other universities，exploring different cancers，from brain to blood cancers，learning the grammar of regulation in normal cells，and how cells change in the process of cancer development.

（1）What is a problem about traditional biological methods？
A.They are difficult to combine with AI.
B.They can't forecast how cells work.
C.They are expensive in large-scale research.
D.They can't collect biological data effectively.
（2）Why does the author mention MindLink in paragraph 4？
A.To remove public doubts about AI chat tools.
B.To introduce the disadvantages of AI tools.
C.To explain the experimental results from Rabadan's team.
D.To clarify how the AI model developed by Rabadan's team functions.
（3）What does paragraph 5 mainly stress about the new AI model？
A.Its application value.
B.Its popularity.
C.Its complexity.
D.Its design inspiration.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Scientists Unlock the Secret of Blood Cancers.
B.New AI Model Exposes Secrets of Human Cells.
C.Advances in AI Fuel a Heated Debate in Biology.
D.AI Tools Are Widely Used to Treat Rare Diseases.

共享时间:2025-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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201921. （2024•临潼区•二模）     Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs，or even building a bomb，suggesting that preventing such AI "jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.
    Many publicly available large language models （LLMs），such as ChatGPT，have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination，or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data.But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections，known as "jailbreaks"，making AI models disobey the rules.
    Now，Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks.They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona （角色），which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse.This process is called "persona modulation （调节）".
    Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations，and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs.By having the right conversation with a model，it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona，causing it to act differently.
    There is also an idea in AI circles，one yet to be proven，that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way.This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. "If you're forcing your model to be good persona，it somewhat understands what a bad persona is，" says Tagade.
    Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused，but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. "Like drugs，they also have side effects that need to be controlled，" she says.

（1）What does the AI jailbreak refer to？
A．The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B．The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C．The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D．The process of AI models learning new information.
（2）What can we know about the persona modulation？
A．It can help AI models understand emotions.
B．It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C．It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D．It forces AI models to follow only good persona.
（3）What is Yinzhen Li's attitude towards LLMs？
A．Unclear.
B．Cautious.
C．Approving.
D．Negative.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．LLMs：Illegal Learning Models
B．LLMs：The Latest Advancement
C．AI Jailbreaks：A New Challenge
D．AI Jailbreaks：A Perfect Approach

共享时间:2024-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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205079. （2022•蓝田县•高一上期末） The Food Trainer（FoodT app）trains people to tap on images of healthy foods but to stop when they see unhealthy snacks.The new study，by the universities of Exeter and Helsinki，found that playing the game a- bout once a day for a month led to an average one-point reduction of junk food consumption（消费）.
Generally，people who used the app more also reported great changes in their food intake.One app user wrote， "Really useful.I used to eat junk food two to four times a week and I have reduced this to once a week after using the app regularly for a month.My desire for junk food has been reduced greatly and I no longer eat in the evening mindlessly. "
   The app regularly asks questions about how often users eat certain foods，along with other information such as their age and weight.Then the study used FoodT usage data and found that using the app regularly was connected with big changes in eating habits.
   The app is free and it only takes about four minutes per day，so it's something people can do not just at home but at work and elsewhere. "From our results it seems important that you do the training at regular times and don't just stop.Therefore，keep it interesting，so you won't get bored with it.Personalize the app as much as possible and pick the foods that you find really hard to resist， "said Natalia Lawrence，a professor of the University of Exeter.
   The researchers stress that their findingould be further proved，because there was no comparison group and other factors（ such as the possibility that people who did more training were also more motivated （有动力的）to lose weight）.

（1）What is the purpose of FoodT app？
A．To help people lose weight.
B．To explain the harm of junk food.
C．To offer some fun games to players.
D．To improve people's eating habits.
（2）How did the researchers carry out the study？
A．By studying some data.
B．By making an experiment.
C．By referring to users' comments.
D．By introducing the app's technology.
（3）What is required to ensure the effectiveness of the app？
A．Paying for the app.
B．Using the app regularly.
C．Updating the app quite often.
D．Having enough memory space.
（4）Which is the closest meaning to the underlined word "resist" in Paragraph4？
A．Refuse.
B．Repeat.
C．Report.
D．Review.

共享时间:2022-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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218337. （2023•长安区一中•高一下二月） Adapting to technological advances is a defining part of the 21s-century life.Just two months after being launched in November 2022，OpenAI's ChatGPT has already reached an audience of over 100 million people.While ChatGPT threatens to change writing and writing-related work，the Mesopotamians，who lived 4，000 years ago in a geographical area centered in modern-day Iraq，went through this kind of far-reaching change before us.
   Ancient Mesopotamia was home to many of civilization's early developments.Its people were world leaders in adapting to technological and cultural changes.They invented the wheel and agriculture，and pioneered advances in mathematics and urbanization.These breakthroughs are reflected in cuneiform（楔形文字）literature，one of the oldest known forms of writing.
   In its literature，Mesopotamians don't present cultural and technological advances as consistently beneficial.They often represent new technologies being controlled in the service of human conflict and mostly serving the interests of those with high social positions.In some ways，the representation of new technologies in its literature echoes（映现）contemporary concerns about AI：fears of increasing social inequalities and its potential use in information war.
   In recent years，AI-the newest form of writing-has been used to decipher（破译）the oldest：cuneiform literature.In broader fields，the boundaries of how AI may be used haven't been clearly explained.In January，for example，a top international AI conference banned the use of AI tools for writing scientific papers.
   Humans have been struggling to invent，use and adapt to technology since our earliest civilizations.But the technology and resulting knowledge are not always evenly distributed.Knowing how we adapted to changing technology in the past helps us more fully understand the human condition and may even help us prepare for the future.

（1）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning Mesopotamians？
A．Their adaptation to threats.
B．Their influences on writing.
C．Their contribution to literature.
D．Their achievements in civilization.
（2）What can be inferred about technological advances from paragraph 3？
A．They prevent human conflict.
B．They bring about hidden dangers.
C．They take away people's concerns.
D．They lower people's social status.
（3）What is the current situation of AI according to paragraph 4？
A．Its use in literature is popular.
B．It is not allowed to finish papers.
C．Its range of application is undefined.
D．It is not accepted in broader fields.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．How People Can Use the Latest Technology
B．How ChatGPT Will Threaten Writing and Work
C．What AI Will Do by Learning Cuneiform Literature
D．What History Can Teach Us About New Tech's Impact

共享时间:2023-06-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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218284. （2024•西安八十五中•高一下一月） Growing Vegetables in Space Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space？Well，you may not go，but you may be able to eat vegetables grown from seeds that have!China，the USA and Russia have all become interested in whether it is possible to eat food grown from seeds that have been in space.Indeed since 1987 China has sent 1，000 species of seeds into space to do experiments.These include green peppers，tomatoes，cucumbers，carrots，lettuce and wheat.
   The most advanced work on growing vegetables in space has been undertaken on the International Space Station run by Russian and American astronauts.One of the most exciting moments was when soybean seeds were brought back to Earth and planted.These seeds were the first to come from a crop grown entirely in space.
   The scientists chose to grow soybeans in space because they are an important source of protein in the human diet.Mark Nall，director of Space Product Development Programme for National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA），said that "this experiment and others are paving the way for improving crops grown on Earth，as well as potentially feeding people living in space." The problem is that producing a new strain of soybean is a slow procedure on Earth so the scientists hope that it can be speeded up in space.
Perhaps the seeds may also develop some characteristics that will be useful for farmers - for example，produce more oil or protein.
   However，the scientists are aware that there may be problems."Conditions in outer space such as radiation and low gravity may cause big changes in the seeds，"said Jin Xing，a Chinese researcher.He knows that genetically modified food is still being debated and so some people will be very suspicious of these"space vegetables".However Jin has a more positive view.He thinks that unlike genetically modified crops，no new genes are being introduced into space vegetables so they will be safe.
   The Chinese government certainly thinks so because they have been cooperating with NASA to produce a new strain of virus-free potatoes.Their scientists hope that in space it may be possible to produce a new crop every 40-50 days instead of one crop a year.So watch out for these special potatoes on the supermarket shelves.Maybe some day you will find them on your dinner table!

（1）The scientists chose to grow soybeans in space because        .
A．scientists know more about soybeans
B．it's easy to begin agricultural experiment from soybeans
C．the soybeanare some common characteristics with other plants
D．the soybeans contain protein needed by the human body
（2）The underlined phrase "pave the way" in the third paragraph means        .
A．to build a new road
B．to make things easier
C．to explore a new area
D．to solve a problem
（3）Mr Jin is positive about space vegetables because        .
A．astronauts have tried eating some space vegetables
B．space vegetables are like genetically modified crops
C．no new genes are being introduced into space vegetables
D．scientists have found that it's safe to eat space vegetables
（4）The writer's opinion about the space potato is that        .
A．the new programme may produce a sound crop
B．people are looking forward to the new product
C．people can buy the new product in the supermarket
D．the new product will have a wide market

共享时间:2024-04-26 难度:2 相似度:2

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203227. （2016•西安一中•一模） The following passage is adapted from the writings of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist．
   Any scientist who is not a pretender will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery．A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments（组织碎片），which were very difficult to work with，were injected into mice of different DNA strains．If we had been more experienced，we would have injected only white blood cells （which would have been easier to handle） into the mice．We now know that if we had done this，we would not have made the discovery．Obviously，we were lucky，but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident．
   It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a significant role in scientific discovery．However，I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons：we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds；but if we describe such an event as luck，what word shall we use to describe the accidental discovery of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one just on a park bench？
   The two cases are quite different．A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize．This individual has，so to speak，purchased candidacy（候选资格）for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities．So it is with scientists．A scientist is anyone who，by observations and experiments conducted，by the literature read，and even by the company kept，puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery．These individuals，by deliberate action，have enormously enlarged their awareness-their candidacy for good fortune-and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret．
   Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind，and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of effort and reflection．If these efforts lead to a discovery，then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck．

（1）The outcome of the experiment described in paragraph one suggests that
A．luck play an insignificant part in scientific discovery
B．the injection of only while blood cells allowed the two scientists to make their discovery
C．It was difficult to inject little tissue fragments into mice of different DNT strains
D．the scientists concerned in the experiment were able to benefit from luck
（2）The author uses the example of the lottery winner in order to suggest that
A．blind luck occurs more frequently than people realize
B．luck plays a more important part in most events than people realize
C．luck is not the correct term to use when referring to a significant scientific discovery
D．luck is the best word to be used to describe the accidental discovery in science
（3）The author implies that a scientist achieves " candidacy for good fortune" by
A．making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
B．depending on feelings rather than on scientific research
C．performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
D．obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
（4）The primary purpose of the passage is to
A．make a single definition of luck
B．show that scientists discover what they intend to find
C．compare scientific discovery to a lottery game
D．discuss the role of luck in science

共享时间:2016-03-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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201950. （2023•周至县•三模） Without cracking a single textbook，without spending a day in medical school，the co-author of a preprint study correctly answered enough questions that it would have passed the real US Medical Licensing Examination.But the test-taker wasn't a member of Mensa or a medical specialist；it was the artificial intelligence ChatGPT.The tool，which was created to answer user questions in a conversational manner，has generated so much buzz that doctors and scientists are trying to determine what its limitations are and what it could do for health and medicine.
   The medical licensing exam is generally considered one of the toughest of any profession because it not only tests basic science，medical knowledge，but also assesses clinical reasoning，ethics （道德观念），critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
   The AI passed all the parts of the exam without any specialized training，showing a high level of insight in its explanations.This greatly impressed Dr.Victor Tseng，a medical director of the California-based group and a co-author of the study. "Googling the answer is very difficult，" he explained. "Because there're a lot of red herrings on the Internet.It might take hours to get an accurate answer." But ChatGPT was able to do it within five seconds.
   The results of the medical licensing exam study were even written up with the help of ChatGPT.However，the journal Nature created guidelines that said no such program could be credited as an author because "any authorship carries with it accountability for the work，and AI tools cannot take such responsibility." Actually，AI is only as good as the information it's fed，and with so much inaccurate information available online about things like COVID-19 vaccines，it could use that to generate inaccurate results.
   Tseng said he ultimately thinks ChatGPT can enhance medical practice，but won't replace doctors.Tseng's group will continue to test it to learn why it creates certain errors and what other ethical factors need to be put in place before using it for real.
   "AI is here.The doors are open，" Tseng said. "I firmly believe that it will actually make me and make us as physicians and providers better."

（1）What can ChatGPT possibly do according to paragraph 1？
A．Study in medical school.
B．Start an online conversation.
C．Conduct a study independently.
D．Pass a challenging examination.
（2）What does underlined words "red herrings" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Appealing topics.
B．Efficient helpers.
C．Hidden resources.
D．Distracting facts.
（3）According to Nature，ChatGPT can't be listed as an author because        .
A．it has invented all the data based on inaccurate information
B．it doesn't actively create and is not responsible for the work
C．it doesn't have a bank account and can't receive payment
D．it has failed to demonstrate problem-solving skills
（4）What is Tseng's attitude towards the future of ChatGPT？
A．Interested yet doubtful.
B．Disinterested and calm.
C．Confident yet cautious.
D．Critical and disappointed.

共享时间:2023-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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219589. （2020•西安一中•高二上一月） Say goodbye to standing in long lines holding boarding passes and other travel documents.Step this way，instead.Look into the camera lens and off you go.
   Sound convenient？Technology companies working with travel providers and the federal government to install facial recognition systems at airports hope you think so.
   But privacy advocators don't want you to become too comfortable.They worry that what we're willing to accept for convenience today will soften our resistance to the idea of filling public spaces with cameras that can identify us and track our every move.
   Facial recognition technology came suddenly into modern reality with very few people prepared for it.Facial recognition is a biometric technology that uses distinguishable facial features to identify a person.In many cases，we see it being used by governments and law enforcement agencies-testing its accuracy and value for future purposes.
   Today，it's used in a variety of ways from allowing you to unlock your phone，go through security at the airport，purchase products at stores.It checks the identities of ride-hailing drivers，permits tourists to enter attractions and let people pay for things with a smile.Airports are increasingly adding facial recognition technology to security checkpoints（检查站）.It's even said that past footage of unsolved mysteries would benefit greatly from this technology as it would help identify the criminals of crimes long forgotten.
   However，there has been a serious clash between the government and citizens in general over the technology's use cases.At an airport，travelers are requested to present their passports，from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity.If it matches，then they can get through quickly.However，the surveillance（监控）system searches a large database for the face presented to the camera.Editing such a big database，many worry，will inevitably（不可避免地）lead to privacy concerns down the road.The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people's opinions is the threat to an individual's privacy.
   Some say that it's the most powerful tool as they fear for their privacy being invaded almost on a daily basis，while the government tries to push it as something necessary for better civil control and crime prevention.Overall，talks usually boil down to whether facial recognition technology should be banned or if it should be regulated.
   According to IBM，the banning of facial recognition technology would be a step backward for human scientific advancement.However，restricting it within light regulations could yield just as many gains as it would in a "free market".
   There are many useful applications of facial recognition technology-both at the consumer level as a matter of security and convenience，and for governments and law enforcement agencies.The challenge is finding the balance between those benefits and the expectation of privacy.Banning facial recognition is not the answer.Regulating it，however，may be necessary to put an acceptable framework of rules around its use.

（1）With the help of facial recognition，we can        .
A．pass the security at the airport faster
B．figure out unsolved mysteries
C．reduce the number of criminals
D．purchase products at home
（2）Facing the use of this technology，citizens        .
A．have no idea of its benefit
B．have already got well-prepared
C．worry their information is misused
D．refuse to accept the convenience
（3）What does the underlined word "clash" in paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Conflict.
B．Crisis.
C．Challenge.
D．Consequence.
（4）Which point of view may the author agree to？
A．Banning facial recognition.
B．Regulating facial recognition with rules.
C．Maintaining the current situation.
D．Debating with the government.

共享时间:2020-10-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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203207. （2016•西安中学•二模） Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假设），about what is happening．Then he does an experiment to test his theory．If the results are as expected，then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct．If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected，then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test．
  In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature，but they did not always prove them by experiment．For example，the great Greek thinker Aristotle，had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects．People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong．
   Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common-sense theory：
   Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直径） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．
   Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．
   Step 3：Crumple （压皱） the paper into a tight wad （块状物）．
   Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．
   Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it．A common-sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath．Now do your experiment to see what really happens．
   If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle，the experiment gave you unexpected results．In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction．A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind （旋风） of air currents （气流） in the closed space which push the wad out．
（1）The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to show        ．
A．he was a greater thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
（2）According to the passage，what is not required in the four-step experiment？
A．A pair of scissors．
B．A piece of paper．
C．A bottle．
D．A strong breath．
（3）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Come to Nature with Scientists
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle
D．Watch Out for Common Sense．

共享时间:2016-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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213495. （2022•长安区一中•高一上期中） Alibaba Cloud and the Hangzhou city government announced the launch of ET City Brain 2.0，a cloud-powered and AI-driven urban traffic-management system that aims to increase the city's efficiency.
   After over two years of testing in Alibaba's home base，ET City Brain has become the new infrastructure （基础设施） for Hangzhou，with a total coverage of 420 square kilometers in area，including over 1，300 traffic lights.Over 200 traffic officers are connected via mobile phones，enabling them to receive real-time alerts on any traffic-related emergencies.
   In version 2.0，the system will optimize the city's firefighting abilities by providing key information to firefighters，such as water pressure，the number and position of fire hydrants （消防栓） in a given area，the location of gas pipes and other details they need to know.The information is instant，making the entire firefighting process faster，safer and more accurate.
   City Brain gives meaning to data.By using AI and advanced algorithms （计算程序），City Brain is able to analyze a large amount of data and turn them into useful information in real-time speed.
   As a result of City Brain's ability to predict traffic flow，detect accidents and provide instant feedback，Hangzhou has dropped from 5th to the 57th on the list of China's most congested cities.Hangzhou is probably the only city that can tell you how many cars are on the street at any given time.
   In the case of medical emergencies，City Brain is able to change traffic lights，so emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire trucks can head to the scene without interruption，accelerating their arrival time by 49%.
   Dr.Wang Jian，head of Alibaba's Technology Steering Committee who invented the term "City Brain"，said the system is designed to empower a city to act quickly and directly.It is more than just about traffic management.It's really about how to make city more livable at a time of shrinking natural resources around the globe. "It is a matter of sustainability，while using as little natural resources as possible，" Wang said， "This is just the beginning."

（1）What benefit will ET City Brain bring？
A．Less traffic jam.
B．Lower crime rates.
C．Efficient government.
D．Improved medical care.
（2）Which of the following functions of the City Brain is NOT mentioned in the text？
A．Predicting traffic flow.
B．Giving quick feedback.
C．Changing traffic lights.
D．Handling traffic accidents.
（3）Which of the following best explains the underlined word "optimize" in Paragraph 3？
A．Practise.
B．Better.
C．Operate.
D．Emphasize.
（4）What can we conclude from the last paragraph？
A．ET City Brain 2.0 is a mature version.
B．Alibaba targets environment-friendly development.
C．The government is devoted to improving the system.
D．The system can solve the problem of lack of resources.

共享时间:2022-11-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2018-04-16

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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