[解析]
(1)C.推理判断题.从文章第一段的"While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial (商业的) world,there is very little traffic in the opposite direction."可知:虽然大学研究人员到商业领域碰运气很普遍,但相反的工业科学家很少到大学工作的.选C.
(2)D.词义猜测题.根据该词后面的原因状语从句"as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.因为携家带口的人们经常会觉得无法承受回大学工作所带来的薪酬上的减少."可知"Pay has always been the biggest deterrent"这句话说明了"薪酬总是最大的制约因素",故D项正确.
(3)D.细节理解题.根据第二段的"Her main reason for returning to academia mid﹣career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions."可知D项正确,她想要更多的自由选择研究领域.故选D
(4)A.推理题.根据文章最后一段"Higher up the ladder,where a pay cut is usually more significant,the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive,according to Lee.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate"说明他们回大学教书可以让学生学到很多实际的经验,在求职的路上有更多的优势,故A正确.