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218154. （2023•蓝田县•高一上二月） Elizabeth Spelke，a cognitive（认知的）psychologist at Harvard，has spent her career testing the world's most complex learning system-the mind of a baby.Babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence（AI）.They are terrible at labeling images，hopeless at mining text，and awful at video games.Then again，babies can do things beyond the reach of any AI.By just a few months old，they've begun to grasp the foundations of language，such as grammar.They've started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.
   Yet even experts like Spelke don't understand precisely how babies - or adults，for that matter - learn.That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence：We're not sure what to aim for.
   Consider one of the most impressive examples of AI，Alpha Zero，a programme that plays board games with superhuman skill.After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed，and learning from winning positions，Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones.It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cognitive abilities.But Alpha Zero needs to play millions more games than a person during practice to learn a game.Most importantly，it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.
   To some AI experts，that calls for a new approach.In a November research paper，Francois Chollet，a well-known AI engineer，argued that it's misguided to measure machine intelligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. "Humans don't start out with skills；they start out with a broad ability to acquire new skills，" he says. "What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess，but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty." Chollet posed a set of problems，each of which requires an AI programme to arrange colored squares on a grid（格栅）based on just a few prior examples.It's not hard for a person.But modern machine-learning programmes-trained on huge amounts of data - cannot learn from so few examples.
   Josh Tenenbaum，a professor in MIT's Center for Brains，Minds & Machines，works closely with Spelke and uses insights from cognitive science as inspiration for his programmes.He says much of modern AI misses the bigger picture，comparing it to a cartoon about a two-dimensional world populated by simple geometrical（几何形的）people.AI programmes will need to learn in new ways - for example，by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. "At some point - you know，if you're intelligent - you realize maybe there's something else out there，" he says.

（1）Compared to an advanced AI programme，a baby might be better at       .
A．labeling images
B．identifying locations
C．playing games
D．making adjustments
（2）What does the underlined word "eclipsing" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A．Stimulating.
B．Measuring.
C．Beating.
D．Limiting.
（3）Both Francois Chollet and Josh Tenenbaum may agree that       .
A．AI is good at finding similar patterns
B．AI should gain abilities with less training
C．AI lacks the ability of generalizing a skill
D．AI will match humans in cognitive ability
（4）Which would be the best title for this passage？
A．What is exactly intelligence？
B．Why is modern AI advanced？
C．Where is human intelligence going？
D．How do humans tackle the challenge of AI？

共享时间:2023-12-20 难度:1

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DCCA

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（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段"They've started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations. （他们开始懂得如何适应陌生的环境）"可知，与高级人工智能程序相比，婴儿可能更善于做出调整。D选项"making adjustments做调整"符合题意，故选D.
（2）C.词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句"After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed，and learning from winning positions，Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. （在以超快的速度与自己对弈数千场，并从获胜位置中学习之后，阿尔法零独立地发现了几种著名的国际象棋策略，甚至发明了新的策略）"可推知，阿尔法零超越了人类的认知能力，所以划线单词"eclipsing"的意思是"超过，胜过"，划线句意是：它看起来确实像是一台超越人类认知能力的机器。A.Stimulatin.刺激；B.Measuring测量；C.Beating（在竞争中）赢；D.Limiting限制。C选项符合题意，故选C.
（3）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句"What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess，but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty. （一位强大的人类棋手展示的不仅是下棋的能力，还有完成任何类似难度任务的潜力）"和最后一段"AI programmes will need to learn in new ways ﹣ for example，by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns.（人工智能程序将需要以新的方式学习﹣例如，通过得出因果推论，而不是简单地寻找模式）"可推知，Francois Chollet和 Josh Tenenbaum可能同意人工智能缺乏一种技能的泛化能力。C选项" AI lacks the ability of generalizing a skill人工智能缺乏一种技能的泛化能力"符合题意，故选C.
（4）A.文章标题题。阅读文章，并根据第二段"Yet even experts like Spelke don't understand precisely how babies ﹣or adults，for that matter ﹣ learn.That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence：We're not sure what to aim for. （然而，即使是像斯皮尔克这样的专家也不能确切地理解婴儿﹣或成人﹣是如何学习的。这一差距指向了现代人工智能的一个核心难题：我们不确定该以什么为目标）"可知，本文讲述了所谓真正的智力到底是什么。A选项"What is exactly intelligence？人工智能究竟是什么"符合题意，故选A.

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220550. （2016•七十中•高二下二月） Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries．Grafting （嫁接） is a common form of plant cloning．Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually．
Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants，so their yield （产量） is more reliable．Cloned plants also reproduce faster，limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting．It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods．Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available．With more yield at a faster rate，farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs．
Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops．This would make plants immune （免疫的） to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year．Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past．Also，plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning．
Through cloning scientists can develop"super"fruits and vegetables of superior nutritional quality．This could make for a healthier population overall．This is already being done through selective pollination （授粉），and genetic cloning could take it to the next level．
By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases，but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive．While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning，there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation （繁衍） of the human species．
（1）The underlined word"optimized"in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by"        "．
A．enlarged
B．produced
C．perfected
D．examined
（2）According to the text，cloned plants        ．
A．have lower yield than normal plants
B．need little care from people
C．resist various kinds of diseases
D．have a short growth cycle
（3）What is the main purpose of the text？
A．To warn the negative effects of plant cloning．
B．To present different kinds of plant cloning．
C．To predict the future of plant cloning．
D．To inform us about the advantages of plant cloning．

共享时间:2016-06-12 难度:1 相似度:2

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218880. （2022•西安八十三中•高一上二月） I love training with my husband Chris.We do our own exercises separately，but then we really enjoy spending 30-40 minutes doing something we both like together.I also train with my family - my brother，his wife and our cousins will come to our house every now and then to train together.It's like family fun time!A little bit of competition also makes us work out harder.
   Laziness，as you know，is contagious（有传染性的）.But so is enthusiasm.If you can get your partner on board，you will be able to encourage each other on those days when the other doesn't feel like moving.If you set yourself a challenge and add competition to the mix，I promise you that the training will be much more fun.Time will fly by and you'll want to do it again.
   This is why I wanted to learn Chris' favourite sport - surfing（冲浪）.Not only would we have more things to do together，but it would be a great challenge for me.In turn，I have introduced Chris to two of my favourite activities：horse riding and motorbiking.Now he also loves them，which means we have even more chances to have fun together.Encouraged by our example，my brother and his wife now train together too.This is what it's all about at the end of the day：quality time with your partner.
   What if you don't have a partner？Well，I'm sure you have a friend who would love to train with you.Or，if you have young children，why not train in the backyard with another parent while they play？You just need some music.The important thing is to have a plan and to make the time to do it.It will be much more fun than doing it on your own.

（1）How does the author train with her husband？
A．They train on a daily basis.
B．They start with separate training.
C．They train for half an hour each time.
D．They always try to do the same exercise.
（2）What happens when the author trains with the family？
A．Everyone gets more active.
B．Everyone relaxes after work.
C．Everyone is very competitive.
D．Everyone feels time is slowing down.
（3）How does the author find surfing？
A．It's more for men than women.
B．It makes her feel discouraged.
C．It's not so hard ae expected.
D．It requires lots of hard work to learn.
（4）What is the author trying to do in the last paragraph？
A．To look for help.
B．To express thanks.
C．To make a promise.
D．To give encouragement.

共享时间:2022-12-29 难度:1 相似度:2

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203406. （2016•西工大附中•七模） Andy Steele lives just a few blocks from the campus of Black Hills State University in Spearfish，S．D．，so commuting（经常往返） to class isn't the problem．But he doesn't like lectures much，isn't a morning person，and wants time during the day to restore motorcycles．
   So Steele，a full-time senior business major，has been taking as many classes as he can from the South Dakota State system's online offerings．He gets better grades and learns more，he says，and insists he isn't missing out on the college experience．
   "I still know a lot of people from my first two years living on campus，and I still meet a lot of people，" he says．But now，he sets his own schedule．
   At least 2.3 million people took some kind of online courses，according to a recent survey by the Sloan Consortium，an online education group，and two-thirds of colleges offering "face-to-face" courses also offer online ones．But what were once two different types of classes are looking more and more alike and often falling into the same pool of students．
   At some schools，online courses originally intended for non-traditional students living far from campus have proved surprisingly popular with on-campus students．A recent study found 42 percent of the students enrolled in its distance education courses were located on campus at the university that was hosting the online courses．
   Numbers vary depending on the policies of particular colleges，but other schools also have students mixing and matching online and "face-to-face" credits．Motives range from lifestyle to adapting to a job schedule to getting into high-demand courses．
   Washington State had about 325 on-campus undergraduates taking one or more distance courses last year．As many as 9，000 students took both distance and in-person classes at Arizona State last year．
   "Business is really about providing choices to their customers，and that's really what we want to do，" said Sheila Aaker，extended services coordinator （协调人） at Black Hills State．
   Many schools，such as Washington State and Arizona State，let departments and academic units decide who can take an online course．They say students with legitimate academic needs - a conflict with another class，a course they need to graduate that is full - often get permission，though they still must take some key classes in person．

（1）What is the purpose of the passage？
A．To introduce Steele to us，who prefers online courses．
B．To tell us about the development of campus courses．
C．To show the differences between campus courses and online courses．
D．To show more on-campus students are taking online courses．
（2）We can learn from the passage that Andy Steele        ．
A．lives far from the campus
B．knows none of his classmates
C．wants to have his own lifestyle
D．doesn't get good marks
（3）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A．The undergraduates attend the online courses for different purposes．
B．It is expected that distance education is popular with on-campus students．
C．About 325 on-campus undergraduates took online courses in Washington last year．
D．Different colleges have different policies about online courses．
（4）From what Sheila Aaker said in the passage，we can tell        ．
A．business is the most popular major in universities
B．collegeould provide more majors for students
C．where the similarity between business and colleges lies
D．why colleges offer online courses to on-campus students

共享时间:2016-06-07 难度:1 相似度:2

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203408. （2016•西工大附中•七模） The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby．Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother．During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk．After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on "mother"- the real mother or the mother-substitute．
   During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby．The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes - one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire．If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother．However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites．Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother．
   Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is．Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can．Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body．Wire doesn't "rub" as well as does soft cloth．Prolonged （长时间的） "contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk．
   According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust．If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be．It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball．If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life．After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure．It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well．Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its "mother．"

（1）Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life？
A．Warmth
B．Milk
C．Contact
D．Trust
（2）After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is        ．
A．larger in size
B．closer to them
C．less frightening and less disturbing
D．more comfortable to rub against
（3）It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，        ．
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to        ．
A．give the reasons for the experiment
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment

共享时间:2016-06-07 难度:1 相似度:2

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203409. （2016•西工大附中•七模） More than 20 Chinese and American experts discovered that young people of both countries are facing the same problems of economic and social pressures and lack of confidence．Wayne Meisel，director of the Campus Outreach Opportunity League of Minnesota University，said that under economic pressure American young people have to work hard and most students have to take part-time work in order to support themselves．In these circumstances，he said，young people lack confidence，which was not the case in the 1960s when young people thought themselves capable of doing anything．In spite of the different conditions in China，Li Xuequan，director of the higher education section of the All-China Youth Federation，said Chinese young people are also facing economic pressure and are worried about inflation and corruption．In order to solve these problems，the Chinese and American experts agreed that youth organization should call on the whole of society to create favourable conditions for the healthy growth of young people，as well as to encourage them to meet the urgent needs of society．Meisel said that since last year he has sent letters of"challenge to youth"to many young people，urging them to commit themselves to meet such needs as feeding the hungry，housing the homeless，caring for the lonely and sick，serving the elderly and preserving the environment．The letter says："Through the service，we touch the lives of others and enrich our own．"

（1）What is the main factor that leads to young people's lack of confidence in both countries？
A．Their education
B．Their laziness
C．Economic pressure
D．Part-time jobs
（2）What was the possible situation in the 1960s？
A．Young people lacked confidence as well．
B．Young people were quite confident in America．
C．Young people in America were able to do anything well．
D．Young Chinese people were very confident．
（3）The passage is mainly about         in the two countries．
A．lack of confidence of the young people
B．problems of the young people and ways to solve them
C．approaches to touching the lives of others
D．challenges for the young people

共享时间:2016-06-07 难度:1 相似度:2

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203439. （2015•师大附中•一模） Our body clock，or natural body rhythm，influences our energy and alertness（警觉）．paying attention to it can help us choose the suitable time of day when we best perform specific tasks．
   The reality，however，is that most of us organize their time around work demands，school deadlines，commuting or social events．Doing whatever your body feels like doing is a luxury in today's fast-paced modern society．
   But that doesn't mean it isn't worth trying．Obeying our body clock has significant health benefits．Disrupting our natural body rhythm，on the other hand，has been linked to problems such as depression，obesity，or headache，says Steve Key，a biology professor．
   When the body clock can synchronize（使……同步）the rhythms of its natural processes，it "gives us an advantage in daily life"，says Key．
   According to him，when it comes to cognitive （认知的） work，most adults perform best in the late morning．As our body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase until midday，our memory，alertness and concentration gradually improve．
   However，he adds，our ability to concentrate typically starts to decrease soon thereafter．Most of us are more easily distracted （分心） between noon and 4pm．
   Alertness also tends to fall after eating a meal and sleepiness tends to peak around 2pm，making that a good time for a nap．
   Surprisingly，tiredness may increase our creative powers．For most adults，problems that require open ended thinking are often best dealt with in the evening when they are tired，according to a study in the journal Thinking & Reasoning．
   When choosing a time of day to exercise，paying attention to your body clock can improve results．Physical performance is usually best from about 3 to 6 pm，says Michael Smolensky，a professor of biomedical engineering．
   Of course，not everyone's body clock is the same，making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans．

（1）If we know our natural body rhythm well，we can．
A．organize our time around work demands
B．find out the suitable time to do specific tasks
C．do whatever our body feels like doing
D．be sure to be healthy
（2）Inspiration to solve a difficult problem will most probably come to us        ．
A．when we get up in the morning
B．when we are full of energy in the late morning
C．when we are tired in the evening
D．when we are asleep at night
（3）The main purpose of the passage is to        ．
A．criticize
B．persuade
C．encourage
D．inform
（4）Which of the following can be the suitable title for the passage？
A．Something About Natural Body Rhythm
B．Natural Body Rhythm Is Bad For Us．
C．What Is Natural Body Rhythm？
D．All The Research About Natural Body Rhythm

共享时间:2015-03-15 难度:1 相似度:2

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203440. （2015•师大附中•一模） About 6 percent of luxury hotels in three major Chinese cities have stopped serving shark fin （鱼翅），a survey has found．Although the controversial dish remains on the menu at most hotels，Green Beagle Environment Institute，a Beijing-based non-government organization that was the main sponsor of the survey，said the results are encouraging and reflect increased awareness．
   The survey was carried out in Beijing，Shenzhen and Fuzhou，which were selected as representative cities to collect basic data on shark fin consumption nationwide．In Beijing，132 hotels completed the phone questionnaire between Nov．20 and Dec．12．Only 12 hotels，9 percent，said they do not serve shark fin．A similar survey of 131 Beijing hotels conducted a year ago found only one hotel that did not serve shark fin，Wang Xue，chief coordinator （协调人） of the survey，said on Saturday．In Shenzhen，four out of the 85 four and five star hotels surveyed had stopped serving shark fin，accounting for about 5 percent．In Fuzhou，only one of the 40 hotels surveyed did not serve shark fin．On average，about 6.61 percent of the hotels in the three cities did not serve the food．
   "The survey reminded us there is still a long way to go to remove shark fins from Chinese hotels and restaurants，but the improved situation in Beijing is encouraging，" said Wang． "We found more hotels and restaurants were willing to take action over the past year．" International hotels are more active in the "shark-fin-free" project，she noted．China is the world's biggest importer and consumer of shark fin，which has been used in luxurious Chinese dishes for 500 years．Dishes made from shark fin are still regarded as a symbol of honor and respect，especially at business dinners，according to Wang．
   Research has also found that shark fin contains poisonous elements，but the nutritious value is less than that of chicken or pork． "We hope hotels and restaurants remove shark fin products from their menus，" Wang added．

（1）Why do Chinese people like eating shark fin？
A．Shark fin stands for honor and respect in China．
B．Shark fin is rich in a variety of nutrition．
C．The living standard of Chinese is much better than before．
D．Shark fin can make people live longer．
（2）In which way was the survey carried out？
A．Interviewing on the spot．
B．Phone questionnaire．
C．Filling the forms．
D．Talk show．
（3）According to the text，which city did the best this year？
A．Shanghai
B．Shenzhen
C．Fuzhou
D．Beijing
（4）The author wants to tell us        ．
A．the opinions divided on consuming shark fin
B．Chinese people' taste of shark fin
C．the appeal to hotels and restaurants for stopping serving shark fin
D．the world's biggest importer and consumer of shark fin

共享时间:2015-03-15 难度:1 相似度:2

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203477. （2015•师大附中•四模） Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain．But they didn't find out in the usual way．
   Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating．The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal（木炭）drawings or painted pictures．Carbon is an element found in many things，including charcoal and even people．But in this case，there was no paint or charcoal to test．People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools．The scientists had an "aha!" moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings．The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made．
   "It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art，" said Alistair Pike，an archaeological scientist at Britain's University of Bristol． "We were very fortunate that some of the engravings were covered by stalagmites（石笋）．
   When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12，800 years ago，the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old．And some of the animalown，like the European bison，are now extinct--another tip-off that the art is quite old．
   The artists came to Creswell Crags，This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age．At that time，much of the North Sea was dry，so people could move about more easily．
   Some tools and bones found there are 13，000 to 15，000 years old．They show that the travelers hunted horses，reindeer，and arctic hare．Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany．It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away-another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world．

（1）Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage？
A．Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful
B．Cave Art Found in an Unusual Way
C．Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain's Oldest
D．Cave Art in Britain
（2）From Paragraph Two，people can conclude        ．
A．archaeologists can work out the date of cave art
B．radiocarbon dating appeared only in Britain
C．archaeologists are good at using stone tools
D．drawings and painted pictures are really necessary for the formation of small rocks．
（3）Why do scientists say the art is quite old？
A．The art was carved into stone with stone tools．
B．The animals carved in the stone are beautiful．
C．The cave is one of the farthest points in the world．
D．Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10，000 years old．
（4）By studying the cave art，scientists know something about        ．
A．how ancient people crossed the North Sea
B．why some of the animals have died out
C．how humans spread out across the world
D．what kind of animals people hunt at that time

共享时间:2015-04-28 难度:1 相似度:2

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203478. （2015•师大附中•四模） In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition．Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity，others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people．
   I have taught many children who held the belief that their self - worth relied （依赖） on how well they performed at tennis and other skills．For them，playing well and winning are often life - and - death affairs．In their single - minded pursuit （追求） of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten．
   However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude．In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition．Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society．Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail．They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success．By not trying，they always have an excuse： "I may have lost，but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try．" What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot．Such a loss would be a measure of their worth．Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves．Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self - respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others．Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve （缓解） can we discover a new meaning in competition．

（1）What does this passage mainly talk about？
A．Competition helps to set up self - respect．
B．Opinions about competition are different among people．
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development．
D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition．
（2）Why do some people favor competition according to the passage？
A．It pushes society forward．
B．It builds up a sense of duty．
C．It improves personal abilities．
D．It encourages individual efforts．
（3）The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means       ．
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
（4）Which point of view may the author agree to
A．Every effort should be paid back．
B．Competition should be encouraged．
C．Winning should be a life - and - death matter．
D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition．

共享时间:2015-04-28 难度:1 相似度:2

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203516. （2015•西工大附中•八模） Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful？This might be called laziness，but Dr．Kleitman has a new explanation．He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle．
   During the hours when you labour through your work，you may say that you're"hot"．That's true．The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak．For some people that peak comes during the forenoon．For others it comes in the afternoon or evening．No one has discovered why this is so，but it leads to such familiar monologues（自言自语）as"Get up，John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening．Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean，and which cycle each member of the family has．
   You can't change your energy cycle，but you can make your life fit it better．Habit can help．Dr．Kleitman believes．Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway．Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to．If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day，rise before your usual hour．This won't change your cycle，but you'll get up energy and work better at your low point．
   Get off to a slow start which saves your energy．Get up with a yawn and stretch．Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor．Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before．Whenever possible，do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours．

（1）If you want to work better at your low point in the morning，you should       ．
A．change your energy cycle
B．overcome your laziness
C．get up earlier than usual
D．go to bed earlier
（2）You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will       ．
A．help to keep your energy for the day's work
B．help you to control your temper early in the day
C．enable you to get your energy on your routine work
D．keep your energy cycle under control all day
（3）What's the best title of the passage？
A．Change Your Habits
B．Save Your Energy
C．Daily Energy Cycle
D．Temperature-and-Energy Peak
（4）The text is likely to be selected from a book of       ．
A．fashion
B．geography
C．environment
D．Science

共享时间:2015-06-19 难度:1 相似度:2

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205622. （2019•蓝田县•高二下期末） Dolphins are not fish，but warm-blooded animals．They live in groups，and speak to each other in their own language．In this，they are like other animals，such as bees and birds．But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals．Their brain is nearly the same size as our own，and they live a long time-at least twenty or thirty years．Like some animals，dolphins use sound to help them find their way around．They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food．We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds，but the lower part of the mouth，called the jaw．
   Strangely，dolphins seem to like man，and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people．
   There is a story about sailors in the 19th century．In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand，they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack．From 1871 to 1903，Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way．Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack．He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area--except for The Penguin．
   Today，some people continue to kill dolphins，but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them．

（1）Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they        ．
A．live in groups
B．have large brains
C．are warm-blooded
D．have their own language
（2）Which of the following does the dolphin use to help it find its way around？
A．Its nose．
B．Its ears．
C．Its mouth．
D．Its eyes．
（3）Why did the sailors off the coast of New Zealand look for Jack？
A．They wanted his help．
B．They enjoyed playing with him．
C．He was seriously wounded．
D．He was lonely and liked to be with people．
（4）By telling the story of Jack，the writer wanted to show that        ．
A．people are cruel to animals
B．dolphinould be protected by law
C．Jack is different from other dolphins
D．dolphins are friendly and clever

共享时间:2019-07-08 难度:1 相似度:2

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213906. （2022•西安中学•高二下期中） The rapid growth in skyscrapers worldwide，most of which have large windows，has led to a high demand for window washers.Though the job is well-paid，it is dangerous and accidents are not uncommon.However，if Israel-based start-up Skyline Technologies has its way，the dangerous job may soon be done by Ozmo，an intelligent window cleaning robot，with humans supervising from the safety of the ground.
    Much like humans，Ozmo，sitting on platforms hanging from the buildings，uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass.A 3 D map of the building's surface programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully deal with any obstacle it is likely to meet，as it moves up and down the buildings.The robot will self-correct and move around every obstacle that it might have met so as not to break a window.
   Unlike present window washers，the robot cleaner does not require soap to clean the glass.Instead，it uses distilled（蒸馏的） water to do the job.Yaron Schwarcz，CEO of Skyline Robotics explains， "We are environmentally friendly."
   Ozmo is also expected to be much more efficient than its human counterparts.While it presently takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean windows of a 40-storey glass building，the robot will be able to do it in 80 hours.However，unlike other robots，Ozmo will not replace human workers，and only make their jobs safer by making them supervisors，who will be controlling the operation from the safety of the ground.
   Whether Ozmo，which is still being tested，does as good a job as humans is not clear.If things go well，its creators have much bigger ambitions for Ozmo.Schwarcz told Forbes Magazine， "Window cleaning is just the tip of the iceberg.We plan to replace all tasks that are dangerous and dirty."

（1）Why is Ozmo friendly to our environment？
A．It depends on solar energy.
B．It uses less soap than other robots.
C．It makes our ecosystem more balanced.
D．It consumes nothing made from chemicals.
（2）What does the underlined part "the tip of the iceberg" mean？
A．As cool as the iceberg.
B．A small part of a big plan.
C．The most advanced technology.
D．The leading role in the modern world.
（3）What is the best title for the text？
A．Robots make a difference.
B．Supervise Ozmo，human safe.
C．Meet Ozmo，the window cleaning robot.
D．Intelligent Ozmo becomes known worldwide.

共享时间:2022-05-19 难度:1 相似度:2

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213907. （2022•西安中学•高二下期中） Great whites and whale sharks are among the species at risk of extinction over the next century，a new study has found.
   Pimiento is the lead author of a study published in Science Advances that looks at how the extinction of large marine species would impact the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems. "The extinction crisis challenges scientists to better measure biodiversity：how will the total variety of life on Earth be affected as human activities lead to the losses of more and more species？" they said.In the oceans，the biggest animals are thought to play crucial ecological roles，and are also facing high levels of threat from human activities such as fisheries and climate change.
   The team was looking to move beyond traditional species extinctions，to find out more about the functional diversity，the range of roles that these species perform，and how biodiversity might respond under different extinction scenarios（预测）.They ran two different extinction scenarios.In one，researchers looked at extinction probability based on their current IUCN （International Union for Conservation of Nature）status.In the second，they assumed all species listed as threatened，around 40 percent，had gone extinct.
   Sharks were found to be one of the worst affected groups. "We already knew that sharks are one of the most threatened groups in the ocean，" they said. "They are also very vulnerable due to their large size and low reproductive rate.Our resultow that future extinctions would be selective against the most functionally unique and specialized shark species，resulting in greater projected losses." They also said the biggest threats to marine megafauna（大型哺乳动物群）are fishing，either through accidentally getting caught up or directly targeted，and climate change.Mitigating these threats could be the best way to protect these species.
   The good news is that the study identifies key species that can be targeted and protected.Sometimes ocean conservation can be a triage game.The science helps us know which species really need our help and which species we really cannot afford to lose.

（1）What is Pimiento's study about？
A．The possible threats of large marine animals.
B．The main cause of the extinction crisis in the sea.
C．The ecological role of large animals in the ocean.
D．The best way of balancing biodiversity with human acts.
（2）How did the team conduct its research？
A．By checking current data.
B．By predicting extinction rates.
C．By measuring marine biodiversity.
D．By analyzing traditional experiments.
（3）What does the study's result show？
A．The risk of sharks reproducing in the ocean.
B．The solution to animals' protection in the sea.
C．The influence of sharks' extinction on the ocean.
D．The reason for sharks being hit hardest in the sea.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the study？
A．Indifferent.
B．Positive.
C．Skeptical.
D．Negative.

共享时间:2022-05-19 难度:1 相似度:2

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203359. （2016•西工大附中•八模） So hungry do some plants get that they eat flies，spiders，and even small frogs．What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally （in special environments） in every state．In fact，they're found on every continent except Antarctica．
You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap．It's often sold in museum gift stores，department stores，and even supermarkets．A small plant，it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container．At the end of its stalks （茎） are specially modified leaves that act like traps．Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger （触发） hairs．When an insect lands on them，the trap suddenly shuts．Over the course of a week or so，the plant feeds on its catch．
The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants，says Barry Meyers-Rice，the editor of the International Carnivorous（食肉的）Plant Society's Newsletter．Note：Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read，no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans．
Dr．Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating，only if it does all four of the following："attract，kill，digest，and absorb"some form of insects，including flies，butterflies，and moths．Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants---well，most of the time．
All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis （光合作用）．Plants use the sugar to make food．What makes"meat-eating"plants different is their bug-catching leaves．They need insects for one reason：nitrogen （氮）．Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way．While almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil，"meat-eating"plants can't．They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity．So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals．In fact，nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to"meat-eating"plants．Never fertilize them!But don't worry，either，if they never seem to catch any insects．They can survive，but they'll grow very slowly．
（1）According to the passage，carnivorous plants        ．
A．only grow in wild field
B．cannot grow on Antarctica
C．are as common as flies
D．are rare to see
（2）Venus' flytrap preys on insects by        ．
A．its numerous long and thin stalks
B．a container where it grows
C．the lining of tiny trigger hairs
D．its insect-catching leaves
（3）We can conclude from the third paragraph that        ．
A．carnivorous plants are dangerous
B．carnivorous plants are harmless to humans
C．carnivorous plants occasionally eat books
D．carnivorous plants are fictional
（4）In the eyes of the author，which of the following statements is TRUE？
A．Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil．
B．Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil．
C．Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects．
D．Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil．

共享时间:2016-06-14 难度:1 相似度:2

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205527. （2020•蓝田县•高三上期末） Almost like a clock tower，a town in the western highlands of Guatemala has been able to practically tell the time by the regular eruptions of a local volcano.In the town of Quetzaltenango，volcanoes have erupted so frequently that they have nearly marked every passing hour of every day for 96 years.
   The source is Santiaguito，one of the world's most active volcanoes.It is situated at the base of the large volcano Santa Maria.It took shape about twenty years after the violent eruption of Santa Maria in 1902.
   "Since then，almost continuous small explosions have happened along with the growth of Santiaguito，" says Stephanie Grocke，a volcanologist. "There has not been a long period of time since 1922 when Santiaguito was quiet."
   Scientists are trying to figure out what is causing the regular activity at Santiaguito.Grocke adds. "What we know for sure is that magma（岩浆） and gas are steadily rising from deep within the system，allowing the volcano to continuously show signs of life，" Grocke says.
   A possible explanation is that before an explosion，the vent，or opening，at the top of Santiaguito is closed，trapping hot gases and magma below.As the gas builds up，the pressure increases and eventually tears through the tops sealed vent，letting out the gases and sending magma and rocks skyward.Santiaguito eventually runs out of fuel，causing eruptions to stop.The materials that were sent out cover the top，reclosing Santiaguito's vent and starting the process over again.
   The sizes of the eruptions are never the same，Grocke say.Most often，they tend to small，producing mainly ash plumes（火山灰） that can reach a height of nearly 1，640 feet，lava flows that travel about two miles from the top.However，there are some eruptions they are very hazardous.
   "At times，larger explosions happen，producing ash plumes that rise less than kilometers above the vent." Grocke ways.Such cases can result in hot fast moving flow made up of gas，ash，and rock，which can be deadly to local communities.Volcanic mudflow are also another serious risk.

（1）When did Santiaguito form according to the text？
A．Around 1806.
B．Around 1902.
C．Around 1922.
D．Around 1942.
（2）Which of the following about Santiaguito have scientists understood？
A．When the volcano stops erupting
B．Why the regular activity changes
C．What is happening inside the volcano
D．How fast the magma and gas are rising
（3）What happens after Santiaguito erupts？
A．The vent is closed again.
B．Cooler gases are produced.
C．The fuel inside gradually increases.
D．More openings form at Santiaguito's top.
（4）What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Weak.
B．Dangerous.
C．Brief.
D．Similar.

共享时间:2020-02-13 难度:1 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2023-12-20

高中英语 | 高一上 | 阅读理解

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