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213458. （2023•周至六中•高二下期中） The UK's largest and most advanced robotics centre，the National Robotarium，opened on Sep.28th，2022 in Edinburgh，is aimed to be a world-leading centre for robotics and artificial intelligence.It's hosted by Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh and received ￡21 million in funding from the UK government as well as ￡1.4 million from the Scottish government.
   Stewart Miller，the chief executive of the National Robotarium has said that society needs to prepare for the increased integration of robots but shouldn't fear the rise of artificial intelligence （AI）.He told Sky-News that "Necessarily there will be more robots in everybody's life.They'll be helping you at home，when you go out shopping，when you go to a hotel，they'll serve you，when you go to a theatre，everything.And in your working life."
   Internationally，some scientists have expressed concerns over rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence.A new survey of researchers from the New York University Centre for Data Science found that more than a third （36%） of respondents that had published recent papers in the field thought that AI could produce catastrophic outcomes in this century， "on the level of all-out nuclear war".
   Mr.Miller said， "The thing to remember is that we，the humans，are in control.We decide how far it goes and doesn't go".He added， "A lot of people have already been working on making sure the software sitting behind AI has safeguards built into it." To make sure that，particularly when it's running on a robotic platform，it can't do any harm or at least we make sure it does as minimal harm as we possibly can.So those kinds of safeguards will be built in by the engineers. "We will have to put safeguards in place and make sure we have good controls around it，because artificial intelligence is a very powerful technology.But I think it has more things to bring that will be good than we have to worry about."

（1）What can we learn about AI from paragraph 2？
A．It brings fear to the whole society.
B．It takes place of human labour.
C．It helps human in many ways.
D．It's generally applied to service industry.
（2）What does the underlined word "catastrophic" mean in paragraph 3？
A．Disastrous.
B．Dramatic.
C．Surprising.
D．Promising.
（3）What measures have been taken to avoid the threat from AI？
A．Hiring safeguards.
B．Setting up a security website.
C．Purchasing security systems.
D．Putting security software in place.
（4）What's the text mainly about？
A．Security defense of artificial intelligence.
B．No need to worry about artificial intelligence.
C．Wide application of artificial intelligence.
D．Major problems brought by artificial intelligence.

共享时间:2023-05-18 难度:2

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科技，说明文，

[答案]

（1）﹣（4）CADB

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段He told Sky﹣News that "Necessarily there will be more robots in everybody's life.They'll be helping you at home，when you go out shopping，when you go to a hotel，they'll serve you，when you go to a theatre，everything.And in your working life."（他告诉Sky﹣News，"每个人的生活中必然会有更多的机器人。它们会在家里帮助你，当你出去购物时，当你去酒店时，它们会为你服务，当你去剧院时，一切都会。在你的工作生活中也是如此。"）可知，人工智能在许多方面帮助人类。故选C。
（2）词句猜测题。根据划线词前文A new survey of researchers from the New York University Centre for Data Science found that more than a third （36%） of respondents that had published recent papers in the field thought that AI could produce catastrophic outcomes in this century， "on the level of all﹣out nuclear war".（一项针对纽约大学数据科学中心研究人员的新调查发现，在最近发表该领域论文的受访者中，超过三分之一（36%）的人认为人工智能可能在本世纪产生catastrophic后果，"达到全面核战争的水平"）可知，后文提到人工智能达到全面核战争的水平，即是灾难性的。故画线词意思是"灾难性的"。A．Disastrous.灾难性的；B．Dramatic.戏剧的；C．Surprising.令人惊讶的；D．Promising.有希望的。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段He added， "A lot of people have already been working on making sure the software sitting behind AI has safeguards built into it." To make sure that，particularly when it's running on a robotic platform，it can't do any harm or at least we make sure it does as minimal harm as we possibly can.So those kinds of safeguards will be built in by the engineers. "We will have to put safeguards in place and make sure we have good controls around it，because artificial intelligence is a very powerful technology.But I think it has more things to bring that will be good than we have to worry about."（他补充说，"很多人已经在努力确保人工智能背后的软件有内置的安全措施。"为了确保，特别是当它在机器人平台上运行时，它不会造成任何伤害，或者至少我们要确保它尽可能地减少伤害。所以这些安全措施是由工程师们建立起来的。"我们将不得不采取安全措施，确保我们对它有良好的控制，因为人工智能是一项非常强大的技术。但我认为它会带来更多的好处，这是我们不必担心的。"）可知，安全措施指的是安装安全软件，所以通过安装安全软件来避免人工智能的威胁。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第二段Stewart Miller，the chief executive of the National Robotarium has said that society needs to prepare for the increased integration of robots but shouldn't fear the rise of artificial intelligence （AI）.（美国国家机器人博物馆的首席执行官斯图尔特•米勒表示，社会需要为机器人的日益融合做好准备，但不应该害怕人工智能的崛起）；第三段Internationally，some scientists have expressed concerns over rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence. （在国际上，一些科学家对人工智能领域的快速发展表示担忧）以及最后一段中We will have to put safeguards in place and make sure we have good controls around it，because artificial intelligence is a very powerful technology.But I think it has more things to bring that will be good than we have to worry about.（我们将不得不采取安全措施，确保我们对它有良好的控制，因为人工智能是一项非常强大的技术。但我认为它会带来更多的好处，这是我们不必担心的）可知，这篇文章主要讲的是不必担心人工智能。A．Security defense of artificial intelligence.人工智能的安全防御；B．No need to worry about artificial intelligence.不用担心人工智能；C．Wide application of artificial intelligence.人工智能的广泛应用；D．Major problems brought by artificial intelligence.人工智能带来的主要问题。故选B。

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215287. （2016•长安区一中•高二下期中） A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it．Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see．Some last a few minutes before they give in．But others are determined to wait until the last moment．
By the time the children reach high school，something remarkable has happened．A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular，adventurous，confident and dependable．The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely，easily frustrated and inflexible．Actually，the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn't show up on an IQ test．
The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists' concerns．But brain theory can't explain what we wonder about most，like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul．
Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman，writer of Emotional Intelligence：when it comes to predicting people's success，brain ability as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as"character"．
EQ is not the opposite of IQ．What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together；how one's ability to handle stress，for instance，affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use．Among the elements for success，researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%；the rest depends on everything from social class to luck．
While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously，some few fear EQ invites misuse．

（1）The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear that ．
A．the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment
B．emotional intelligence won't show up until adolescence
C．the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success
D．candy can be used to measure a person's emotional intelligence
（2）The underlined word"upbeat"in Paragraph 4 probably means ．

A．kind

B．floating

C．excited

D．cheerful

（3）Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text？
A．To amuse both the children and readers．
B．To prove the scientist's wisdom．
C．To introduce the topic of the text．
D．To show us how to do an IQ test．

共享时间:2016-05-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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213763. （2023•西安三中•高二下期中） There are plenty of concerns about robots stealing jobs from hard-working，flesh-and-blood humans.However，Japan's Henna "Strange" Hotel has fired half of its 243 robot staff，because these labor-saving machines were causing more problems than they were solving— and requiring humans to come in and fix things as a result.
One of the victims of the robot layoffs was a doll-shaped robot called Cheri，which functioned as an artificial intelligence assistant.Unfortunately.Cheri tuned out to be pretty poor at answering questions from hotel guests.A pair of dinosaur robots，which worked at the hotel check-in，were also made non-existent by the firings since they wound up being unable to do many of the jobs required of 8 receptionist.A concierge （服务台职员） robot，meanwhile，was replaced by a human better able to answer important questions about nearby tourist attractions.Humans are also now going to carry luggage to the rooms，one quarter of which the previous porter robots were only able to reach—and only in excellent weather conditions.
Not surprisingly，the hotel，recognized in 2016 as the world's first robot-staffed hotel by Guinness World Records， allured curious visitors from all around the world.Encouraged by the success the hotel s owner，Sawada opened seven additional locations across Japan and announced plans to build at least 50 more.
In the end，though，it seems that—as great as robots can be—they're simply not suitable for every role just yet.With the rise of robot bar-tenders，robot-staffed restaurants and the like，it will be interesting to see how many similar concepts fall apart in the coming years.After all，once the novelty of a dinosaur robot on reception wears off，you're just faced with a receptionist who can't properly understand you and lacks an effective number of fingers on each hand to properly photocopy your passport.

（1）Which of the following was used to answer such questions as scenic spots？
A．A porter robot.
B．A dinosaur robot.
C．A concierge robot.
D．A doll-shaped robot.
（2）What does the underlined word "allured" refer to in Paragraph 3？
A．attracted
B．relaxed
C．thrilled
D．upset
（3）What does the author think of the robot staff？
A．They did better than humans.
B．They couldn't replace humans entirely.
C．The rest of them will be fired.
D．They were a big challenge for humans.
（4）What might be the most suitable title of the text？
A．World's First Robot-staffed Hotel.
B．Robots Perform Various Functions.
C．Humans Will Replace Robots Eventually.
D．Japanese Hotel Fires Half Its Robot Staff.

共享时间:2023-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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203919. （2024•鄠邑区•高三上期末）      With a fragrance（芳香） through the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for six months，memories skyrocketed.Participants in this study by University of California，Irvine （UCI） neuroscientists gained a 226% increase in cognitive capacity compared to the control group.The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy，non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia（痴呆）.
   The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning &.Memory.It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment.All were given seven small containers，each containing a single and different natural oil.People in the enriched group received full-strength oils.Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts.Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed，and it activated for two hours as they slept.
   People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group，as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory.Participants also reported sleeping more soundly.The researchers say the results from their study bear out what scientists learned about the connection between smell and memory.
   Scientists have long known that the loss of ability to smell，can predict development of nearly 70 neurological and psychiatric diseases.These include Alzheimer's and other dementias，Parkinson's and alcoholism.Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different smells twice a day over a period of time improved their memories and language skills，eased depression and improved their sense of smell.
   The team would next like to study the technique's impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss.A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.

（1）What field may the findings be applied to？
A．Controlling sleep.
B．Promoting memory.
C．Developing skills.
D．Exploring smells.
（2）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？
A．Research results.
B．Research purpose.
C．Research methods.
D．Research process.
（3）How did researchers assess the performance of the participants？
A．By giving the participants a test.
B．By scanning the participants' brain.
C．By observing the participants' actions.
D．By asking about the participants' feeling.
（4）What will the researchers focus on in future？
A．Developing a smell product.
B．The impact of cognitive loss.
C．Application of research results.
D．Doing market research for their product.

共享时间:2024-02-07 难度:2 相似度:2

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203901. （2024•莲湖区•高二上期末）     Plastic is everywhere in our modern world.Its toughness makes it an extremely useful material from household items to vehicle parts，but that same toughness makes it hard to break down for recycling or disposal（处理）.However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.
    Based on a kind of plastic called an epoxy resin vitrimer，which is brittle（脆性的），the new plastic boasts a huge range of advantages.Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150℃for just 60 seconds.When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up.It does all of this much faster than others of its type.
   The new plastic can also break down easier.Even if it's discarded（丢弃） into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days.It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules（分子） that are essential food for marine life.
   The new plastic is more resistant to breaking.It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment，according to Shota Ando，a researcher of the study.
   The material can be used in a variety of applications."Infrastructure materials for roads and bridges are often composed of epoxy resins mixed with compounds such as concrere and carbon，"said Ando."By using the new plastic，these would be easier to maintain as they would be stronger and healable using heat.Unlike conventional epoxy resins，this new material is hard but stretchable，so it could also be expected to strongly bond materials of different hardness and stretch."

（1）What is the author's purpose in writing paragraph 1？
A.To highlight the importance of plastic.
B.To show the disadvantages of plastic.
C.To introduce the topic of the text.
D.To indicate his views on previous plastic.
（2）What do the underlined words "patch itself up" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Change itself.
B.Repair itself.
C.Shape itself.
D.Burn itself.
（3）What do we know about the new plastic？
A.It is safe for animals in the ocean.
B.It can provide nutrition for animals.
C.It can change itape when frozen.
D.It is more brittle than previous plastic.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.Research Of New Molecules
B.An Interesting Scientific Study
C.The Widespread Application Of Plastic
D.A New Environmentally Friendly Plastic

共享时间:2024-02-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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213495. （2022•长安区一中•高一上期中） Alibaba Cloud and the Hangzhou city government announced the launch of ET City Brain 2.0，a cloud-powered and AI-driven urban traffic-management system that aims to increase the city's efficiency.
   After over two years of testing in Alibaba's home base，ET City Brain has become the new infrastructure （基础设施） for Hangzhou，with a total coverage of 420 square kilometers in area，including over 1，300 traffic lights.Over 200 traffic officers are connected via mobile phones，enabling them to receive real-time alerts on any traffic-related emergencies.
   In version 2.0，the system will optimize the city's firefighting abilities by providing key information to firefighters，such as water pressure，the number and position of fire hydrants （消防栓） in a given area，the location of gas pipes and other details they need to know.The information is instant，making the entire firefighting process faster，safer and more accurate.
   City Brain gives meaning to data.By using AI and advanced algorithms （计算程序），City Brain is able to analyze a large amount of data and turn them into useful information in real-time speed.
   As a result of City Brain's ability to predict traffic flow，detect accidents and provide instant feedback，Hangzhou has dropped from 5th to the 57th on the list of China's most congested cities.Hangzhou is probably the only city that can tell you how many cars are on the street at any given time.
   In the case of medical emergencies，City Brain is able to change traffic lights，so emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire trucks can head to the scene without interruption，accelerating their arrival time by 49%.
   Dr.Wang Jian，head of Alibaba's Technology Steering Committee who invented the term "City Brain"，said the system is designed to empower a city to act quickly and directly.It is more than just about traffic management.It's really about how to make city more livable at a time of shrinking natural resources around the globe. "It is a matter of sustainability，while using as little natural resources as possible，" Wang said， "This is just the beginning."

（1）What benefit will ET City Brain bring？
A．Less traffic jam.
B．Lower crime rates.
C．Efficient government.
D．Improved medical care.
（2）Which of the following functions of the City Brain is NOT mentioned in the text？
A．Predicting traffic flow.
B．Giving quick feedback.
C．Changing traffic lights.
D．Handling traffic accidents.
（3）Which of the following best explains the underlined word "optimize" in Paragraph 3？
A．Practise.
B．Better.
C．Operate.
D．Emphasize.
（4）What can we conclude from the last paragraph？
A．ET City Brain 2.0 is a mature version.
B．Alibaba targets environment-friendly development.
C．The government is devoted to improving the system.
D．The system can solve the problem of lack of resources.

共享时间:2022-11-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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213609. （2023•莲湖区•高一下期中） Hunger is a very real problem around the globe.This year，almost 7 million people have died of hunger already.Why do people still die of hunger when there's more than enough food in the world？
   Well，considering that there are places in the world where basic needs like housing and clean，drinkable water are not met，then it doesn't come as a surprise that food is just not accessible to them.The food exists—it just doesn't get to where it needs to be.
   Nigerian farmer Samson Ogbole decided to go ahead and cultivate（培育） fruit and vegetables in a different way.Ogbole's farming process centres around two concepts：soilless farm-ing and aeroponics（气雾栽培）.To put it simply—he's growing food in the air.
   As Ogbole explained during a TED talk，aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits.For example，it is cheaper than traditional farming because there is no need to hire as many workers since everything is done with a"click".Also，this kind of farm-ing is more environmentally friendly since farmers don't use pesticides.At the same time，there are no space limitations—planting in the air means you can plant as many layers as you like.The sky is the limit literally!
   So，the young farmer has been practicing aeroponics for more than five years with impressive results.His work was recently praised on social media this summer when he was featured in a network post.In the post，Ogbole's farming method was mentioned，and Internet users had the chance to see pictures of the farmer's produce.
   Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops.This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food blockades from the north.It seems that people are already realizing that this method will change the way people grow food.And，most importantly，it will help solve some of the issues related to hunger around the world.

（1）What does the figure in paragraph 1 show？
A．The necessity of growing food in the air.
B．The number of hungry people.
C．The seriousness of hunger.
D．The existing population problem.
（2）Why do people still starve to death in the world according to the text？
A．Food is not equally shared.
B．Their basic needs are not met.
C．There is not enough food supply.
D．They have no scientific planting methods.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．The theory of aeroponics.
B．The advantages of aeroponics.
C．How to grow food in the air.
D．The downsides of traditional farming.
（4）What do viewers think of Ogbole's farming method？
A．Unrealistic.
B．Funny.
C．Promising.
D．Helpless.

共享时间:2023-05-27 难度:2 相似度:2

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203713. （2024•西安中学•高二下期末） From sleep machines to AI-controlled house cleaning robots，a wide variety of advanced technologies and products are being exhibited at the 4th China International Import Expo（CIIE）in Shanghai.Here are some products you don't want to miss.
   Electric bicycle Brina 2
   For many people，a daily commute（通勤）is often a source of headache.Emove Inc，an exhibitor from Argentina，has presented electric bicycle Brina 2 as a solution.Running on long-range batteries，the e-bike has a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour.Almost all the components are designed within the carbon fiber frame.Its scientific design makes the ride more stable and comfortable than other conventional e-bikes.
   AI robot—a right-hand assistant for life and production
   AI robot from AgileRobotsAG，a leading intelligent robotics company from Germany，helps make life and work easier.With the ability to synthesize（综合）and adjust motion tracks in real-time，the robot is a great assistant.For instance，it can aid humans in tasks like loading and unloading，polishing and quality inspection.
   Power-PROXT---a reliable stretcher bed
   Power-PROXT is an electric ambulance stretcher bed designed by Stryker Corporation from the U.S..Compared with traditional stretchers，Power-PROXT is driven by a high-speed motor that enables it to easily lift or lower a load weighing 318 kilograms within 2.4 seconds.More importantly，it can smoothly and safely lift and move，providing greater safety for patients.
   Sleeping cabin—a night guard for sound sleep
   A recent study found that more than two-thirds of surveyed university students in Brazil are experiencing poor sleep quality.The sleeping cabin made by The Dow Chemical Company from the U.S.can provide its users a better sleep.As a combination of great material and technology，the cabin can provide customers with a deeper and more refreshing sleeping experience.

（1）Which product most probably interests a factory manager？
A．Brina2.
B．AI robot.
C．Power-PROXT.
D．Sleeping cabin.
（2）What can Power-PROXT be used for？
A．Travel to work.
B．Quality control.
C．First aid.
D．Sleep improvement.
（3）Which word can best describe these products？
A．Cutting-edge.
B．Eco-friendly.
C．Cost-effective.
D．Efficiency-enhancing.

共享时间:2024-07-03 难度:2 相似度:2

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213715. （2022•高新一中•高二上期中） There's a continuing controversy over whether electric vehicleould produce sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians know they're on the scene.Some think those soundould be standardized—like the"beep，beep"of heavy machinery backing up，so you'll think "something heavy is coming this way"when you hear it—— and some think any sound will do.
   This is a serious subject.Plug-in hybrid cars（电混动力车） and battery electric vehicles are super-quiet，and a study at the University of California，Riverside concludes that people listening to recordings on headphones can hear a regular gas car coming from 28 feet away，but a hybrid in battery mode only when it's 7 feet away.
   In response，the European Union has put new rules into play：all new electric vehicle models must have a sound-producing device，which sounds like a traditional engine.Starting in 2021，all new electric vehicles of any model will need the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System or AVAS.That sound will come into play when the car is traveling backwards or when it's traveling at less than 12 miles an hour—speeds at which cars are more likely to be mixing with pedestrians.
   That's a nice start，say representatives for the blind，but more is needed."We're calling on the government to take this announcement further by requiring AVAS on all existing electric and hybrid vehicles and ensuring drivers have them switched on，" John Welsman，a guide dog owner and Guide Dogs staff member，said in a statement.
   Drivers in most cases have the ability to shut off the device when needed.My guess is that they will eventually be standardized so your mind will automatically register"electric car" when you hear it.And that's probably a good thing to reduce the mayhem（混乱） on the roads.

（1）How does the author show"electric cars are quiet"in Paragraph 2？
A．By making a classification.
B．By making a comparison.；
C．By analyzing cause and effect.
D．By setting down general rules.
（2）What can be learned about the AVAS？
A．It was developed by the European Union.
B．It was designed for inexperienced drivers.
C．It consists of a sound-producing device and an engine.
D．It warns pedestrians of the coming of an electric car.
（3）What does John Welsman think of the new rules？
A．They are too strict for drivers.
B．They are too complex to follow.
C．They need further improvement.
D．They hardly allow for any flexibility.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？
A．Electric cars with a standardized sound-producing device.
B．The increasing popularity of a new type of electric car on sale.
C．The current problems with electric vehicles.
D．Quiet electric cars' disorganization on roads.

共享时间:2022-11-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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213745. （2023•高陵一中•高二下期中）     There's a new AI bot：ChatGPT，and you'd better pay attention，even if you aren't into artificial intelligence.The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large，powerful AI system can achieve.
   ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue，using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses.It derives（获得） its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet.ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned （a method of transfer learning） using both supervised and reinforcement learning （监督和强化学习）.
   You can ask ChatGPT anything，like explaining physics，asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming help.Perhaps it's not smart enough to replace all humans yet，but it can be creative，and its answers can sound downright authoritative（权威的）.A few days after its launch，more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT.UBS analyst Loyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January，accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
   ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research period.But when too many people hop onto the server（跳转到服务器），it overloads and cannot process your request.It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it.If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access，there is a choice for you，ChatGPT Plus，which allows users to have general access even during peak times.This service does come at a cost of ﹩20 per month.
    However，ChatGPT cannot replace Google.ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence robot that provides solutions to your questions，but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible.ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.

（1）What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT？
A．Its working theory.
B．Its language model.
C．Its design inspiration.
D．Its development process.
（2）Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3？
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
（3）What is ChatGPT Plus intended for？
A．Guiding users to experience free services.
B．Giving users priority access during peak hours.
C．Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
D．Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
（4）What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google？
A．It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
B．It can only update information at a fixed time
C．It needs longer to provide solutions.
D．It operates based on limited data.

共享时间:2023-05-20 难度:2 相似度:2

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203544. （2025•铁一中学•高二上期末）     Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs，or even building a bomb，suggesting that preventing such AI "jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.
    Many publicly available large language models （LLMs），such as ChatGPT，have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination，or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers—things they have learned from humans via training data.But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections，known as "jailbreaks"，making AI models disobey the rules.
    Now，Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks.They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona （角色），which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse.This process is called "persona modulation （调节）".
    Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations，and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs.By having the right conversation with a model，it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona，causing it to act differently.
    There is also an idea in AI circles，one yet to be proven，that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way.This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. "If you're forcing your model to be good persona，it somewhat understands what a bad persona is，" says Tagade.
    Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused，but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. "Like drugs，they also have side effects that need to be controlled，" she says.

（1）What does the AI jailbreak refer to？
A.The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B.The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C.The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D.The process of AI models learning new information.
（2）What can we know about the persona modulation？
A.It can help AI models understand emotions.
B.It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C.It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
D.It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
（3）What may the author suggest by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？
A.The risks of LLMs cannot be ignored.
B.We need to control the side effects of drugs.
C.It's worthwhile to explore LLMs' potential benefits.
D.We should restrict the development of LLMs.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.LLMs：Illegal Learning Models
B.LLMs：The Latest Advancement
C.AI Jailbreaks：A New Challenge
D.AI Jailbreaks：A Perfect Approach

共享时间:2025-03-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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203380. （2016•西工大附中•四模） A recent study，while showing a generally positive attitude toward science，also suggests a widespread worry that it may be "running out of control"．This idea is dangerous．
   Science can be a force for evil as well as for good．Its applications can be channeled either way，depending on our decisions．The decisions we make，personally or collectively，will determine the outcomes of science．But here is a real danger．Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference．And，rather than fighting for the best possible policies，we may step back and do nothing．
   Some people go even further．They say that despite the moral and legal objections（反对），whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere，sometime．They believe that science will get out of control in the end．This belief is dangerous too，because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world．
   In our interconnected world，the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science．Without a common understanding，the challenges of "controlling" science in this century will be really tough．Take human cloning for example．Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact（影响） on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques．The outcomes are hard to predict．
   Therefore，discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies．Only through the united efforts of people with hope，can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future．

（1）What can we conclude from the recent study？
A．People think highly of science．
B．Science is getting dangerously out of control．
C．People hold mixed opinions about science．
D．Science is used for both good and bad purposes．
（2）According to the passage，what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control？
A．The development of science will hopelessly slow down．
B．The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future．
C．Businesses will have even greater influence on science．
D．People will work more actively to put science under control．
（3）The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because
A．scientists have failed to predict the outcomes
B．the ties between different areas need strengthening
C．united efforts are necessary for the development of science
D．people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Science and its applications bring us many dangers．
B．Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts．
C．The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas．
D．The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes．

共享时间:2016-04-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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203227. （2016•西安一中•一模） The following passage is adapted from the writings of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist．
   Any scientist who is not a pretender will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery．A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments（组织碎片），which were very difficult to work with，were injected into mice of different DNA strains．If we had been more experienced，we would have injected only white blood cells （which would have been easier to handle） into the mice．We now know that if we had done this，we would not have made the discovery．Obviously，we were lucky，but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident．
   It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a significant role in scientific discovery．However，I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons：we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds；but if we describe such an event as luck，what word shall we use to describe the accidental discovery of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one just on a park bench？
   The two cases are quite different．A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize．This individual has，so to speak，purchased candidacy（候选资格）for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities．So it is with scientists．A scientist is anyone who，by observations and experiments conducted，by the literature read，and even by the company kept，puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery．These individuals，by deliberate action，have enormously enlarged their awareness-their candidacy for good fortune-and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret．
   Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind，and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of effort and reflection．If these efforts lead to a discovery，then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck．

（1）The outcome of the experiment described in paragraph one suggests that
A．luck play an insignificant part in scientific discovery
B．the injection of only while blood cells allowed the two scientists to make their discovery
C．It was difficult to inject little tissue fragments into mice of different DNT strains
D．the scientists concerned in the experiment were able to benefit from luck
（2）The author uses the example of the lottery winner in order to suggest that
A．blind luck occurs more frequently than people realize
B．luck plays a more important part in most events than people realize
C．luck is not the correct term to use when referring to a significant scientific discovery
D．luck is the best word to be used to describe the accidental discovery in science
（3）The author implies that a scientist achieves " candidacy for good fortune" by
A．making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
B．depending on feelings rather than on scientific research
C．performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
D．obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
（4）The primary purpose of the passage is to
A．make a single definition of luck
B．show that scientists discover what they intend to find
C．compare scientific discovery to a lottery game
D．discuss the role of luck in science

共享时间:2016-03-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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203207. （2016•西安中学•二模） Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假设），about what is happening．Then he does an experiment to test his theory．If the results are as expected，then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct．If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected，then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test．
  In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature，but they did not always prove them by experiment．For example，the great Greek thinker Aristotle，had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects．People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong．
   Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common-sense theory：
   Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直径） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．
   Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．
   Step 3：Crumple （压皱） the paper into a tight wad （块状物）．
   Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．
   Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it．A common-sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath．Now do your experiment to see what really happens．
   If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle，the experiment gave you unexpected results．In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction．A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind （旋风） of air currents （气流） in the closed space which push the wad out．
（1）The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to show        ．
A．he was a greater thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
（2）According to the passage，what is not required in the four-step experiment？
A．A pair of scissors．
B．A piece of paper．
C．A bottle．
D．A strong breath．
（3）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Come to Nature with Scientists
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle
D．Watch Out for Common Sense．

共享时间:2016-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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213810. （2023•西安八十三中•高一下期中） Hunger is a very real problem around the globe.This year，almost 7 million people have died of hunger already.Why do people still die of hunger when there's more than enough food in the world？
   Well，considering that there are places in the world where basic needs like housing and clean，drinkable water are not met，then it doesn't come as a surprise that food is just not accessible to them.The food exists—it just doesn't get to where it needs to be.
   Nigerian farmer Samson Ogbole decided to go ahead and cultivate（培育） fruit and vegetables in a different way.Ogbole's farming process centres around two concepts：soilless farm-ing and aeroponics（气雾栽培）.To put it simply—he's growing food in the air.
   As Ogbole explained during a TED talk，aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits.For example，it is cheaper than traditional farming because there is no need to hire as many workers since everything is done with a"click".Also，this kind of farm-ing is more environmentally friendly since farmers don't use pesticides.At the same time，there are no space limitations—planting in the air means you can plant as many layers as you like.The sky is the limit literally!
   So，the young farmer has been practicing aeroponics for more than five years with impressive results.His work was recently praised on social media this summer when he was featured in a network post.In the post，Ogbole's farming method was mentioned，and Internet users had the chance to see pictures of the farmer's produce.
   Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops.This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food blockades from the north.It seems that people are already realizing that this method will change the way people grow food.And，most importantly，it will help solve some of the issues related to hunger around the world.

（1）What does the figure in paragraph 1 show？
A．The necessity of growing food in the air.
B．The number of hungry people.
C．The seriousness of hunger.
D．The existing population problem.
（2）Why do people still starve to death in the world according to the text？
A．Food is not equally shared.
B．Their basic needs are not met.
C．There is not enough food supply.
D．They have no scientific planting methods.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．The theory of aeroponics.
B．The advantages of aeroponics.
C．How to grow food in the air.
D．The downsides of traditional farming.
（4）What do viewers think of Ogbole's farming method？
A．Unrealistic.
B．Funny.
C．Promising.
D．Helpless.

共享时间:2023-05-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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202890. （2018•西安中学•二模） Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do，the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling．One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago．Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen．
   The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country's bees．He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated （交配） it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees．The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey．It seemed that Professor Kerr，for that was the scientist's name，had a total success on his hands．
   Then things began to go wrong．For some reason as yet unseen，but perhaps as a result of something in their environment，the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities．They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry，attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places．
   But worse was to follow．Having taken over the countryside，the new bees，with their dangerous stings （叮），began to attack its neighbors - cats，dogs，horses，chickens and finally man himself．A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings．
   This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil．But now they are on the move，heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America，and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year．The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them．

（1）The results of the South American experiment        ．
A．have caused a serious trouble
B．have proved to be wrong
C．are not yet certain
D．are not important
（2）The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to        ．
A．increase the amount of honey in Brazil
B．make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C．increase the number of bees in Brazil
D．make African bees less active
（3）Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees' attacking personalities？
A．Their production of honey．
B．Their hard work．
C．Their living environment．
D．Their bad temper．
（4）The last paragraph implies that        ．
A．the bees have been driven to Central and North America
B．the bees may bring about trouble in more countries
C．the bees must be stopped from moving north
D．the bees prefer to live in Brazil

共享时间:2018-03-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2023-05-18

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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