电动滑板车

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213430. （2023•周至六中•高一下期中） Shared e-scooters （电动滑板车） are becoming common across Australia.While they may offer a low-carbon option for tourism，do they benefit tourist cities？Our research team at Griffith University's Cities Research Institute partnered with Neuron Mobility to conduct a survey of Townsville tourists between 2020 and 2021.
   We analyzed the visiting e-scooter users' travel and spending behaviors.Though their e-scooter hire costs were identical （一样的），the visitors who rode the e-scooters the most spent most money in Townsville.
   The active e-scooter users completed average 11 e-scooter trips，covering nearly 26 kilometers each while in Townsville.Many of these trips would have been completed by walking if e-scooters were unavailable.But they would have taken longer to complete each trip on foot，thus limiting the total number of destinations visited.Some other trips wouldn't have occurred at all.One user commented， "We enjoyed being able to travel to areas that we would not normally have been to or were too far to walk in a reasonable amount of time."
   Many of these users said they did not need to use a car thanks to the e-scooters.This meant they were able to travel along the streets in Townsville without being trapped in the already busy roadways.
   Across all the e-scooter users surveyed，most had never ridden an e-scooter before，but 91 percent reported they could ride it easily.Confirming the positive effect of e-scooters on both city image and visitor experience，93 percent said they enjoyed travelling within Townsville.Besides，of all the visitors，active users spent more money on restaurants and cafes than the conditions without using e-scooters.Light users also spent a greater amount of money，mainly on shopping and services.
   Henry，an-scooter user said， "The weekly pass was extremely cost-effective.I highly recommend it and I will use e-scooters again." In fact，tourist cities like Townsville that adopt e-scooter sharing are promoting their image and tourism economy.

（1）What will happen to the place where e-scooters are available？
A．Visitors can visit more attractions.
B．No trips will be finished on foot.
C．Visitors will be charged less money.
D．It will take visitors longer to get around.
（2）What can be known about travelling in Townsville by car？
A．Cars will make tourists miss some views.
B．Visitors will be easily stuck in traffic jams.
C．Cars will take visitors to many places of interest.
D．Visitors will feel relaxed and comfortable to travel.
（3）Why does the author mention the expenses of the visitors？
A．To confirm e-scooters are easy to handle.
B．To describe tourists' experiences in Townsville.
C．To show e-scooters help promote local economy.
D．To compare spending ways between active and light users.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Tourism Booms in Townsville Thanks to E-scooters.
B．Townsville Encourages Its People to Use E-scooters.
C．Tourists Benefit from Local Traditional Transportation.
D．E-scooters Are Becoming the Main Means of Transportation.

共享时间:2023-05-11 难度:3

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经济，自然科学研究成果，说明文，

[答案]

（1）﹣（4）ABCA

[解析]

（1）细节理解题。根据第三段The active e﹣scooter users completed average 11 e﹣scooter trips，covering nearly 26 kilometers each while in Townsville.Many of these trips would have been completed by walking if e﹣scooters were unavailable.But they would have taken longer to complete each trip on foot，thus limiting the total number of destinations visited.Some other trips wouldn't have occurred at all. （活跃的电动滑板车用户在汤斯维尔平均完成了11次电动滑板车旅行，每次旅行近26公里。如果没有电动滑板车的话，很多这样的旅行都是步行完成的。但他们每次步行完成旅行的时间会更长，从而限制了游览目的地的总数。其他一些旅行根本就不会发生。）可知，有电动滑板车的地方，游客可以游览更多的景点。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Many of these users said they did not need to use a car thanks to the e﹣scooters.This meant they were able to travel along the streets in Townsville without being trapped in the already busy roadways.（这些用户中的许多人表示，多亏了电动滑板车，他们不需要使用汽车。这意味着他们可以沿着汤斯维尔的街道旅行，而不会被困在已经繁忙的道路上。）可知，汤斯维尔开的街道很繁忙，在汤斯维尔开车的话，很容易被堵在路上。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Besides，of all the visitors，active users spent more money on restaurants and cafes than the conditions without using e﹣scooters.Light users also spent a greater amount of money，mainly on shopping and services.（此外，在所有的游客中，活跃用户在餐厅和咖啡馆的花费比在没有使用电动滑板车的情况下更多。轻度用户的消费也更多，主要是在购物和服务上。）以及最后一段In fact，tourist cities like Townsville that adopt e﹣scooter sharing are promoting their image and tourism economy.（事实上，像汤斯维尔这样采用共享电动滑板车的旅游城市正在提升城市形象和旅游经济。）可知，游客在使用电动滑板车的情况下会比不使用时消费更多，直接的结果就是会提升当地的经济。所以作者提到游客的费用是为了说明电动滑板车有助于提升当地的经济。A．To confirm e﹣scooters are easy to handle.确认电动滑板车易于操作；B．To describe tourists' experiences in Townsville.描述游客在汤斯维尔的经历；C．To show e﹣scooters help promote local economy.展示电动滑板车有助于促进当地经济；D．To compare spending ways between active and light users.比较活跃用户和轻度用户的消费方式。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。文章首段就说明了作者的研究小组就共享电动滑板车是否对旅游城市有益的问题，对汤斯维尔的游客做了调查。文章围绕着该调查展开，结果证明了像汤斯维尔这样采用共享电动滑板车的旅游城市正在提升城市形象和旅游经济。所以A选项"汤斯维尔的旅游业蓬勃发展得益于电动滑板车"能很好地概括文章内容，最适合作为该文章的标题。故选A。

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201941. （2023•西安四十八中•一模） Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue，but these gains are fragile，a new study suggests.Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.
   "It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it，" said Thomas Wood，associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. "But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people's frame of reference very quickly."
   Resultowed that accurate science reporting didn't persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinionifted by reading accurate articles.The study involved 2，898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.
   In the first wave，they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change.In the second and third waves，they read either another scientific article，an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science，or an article on an unrelated subjeet.In the fourth wave，the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.
   To rate participants' scientific understanding.the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause.To measure their attitudes，researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.
   "What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again.If they only hear it once，it recedes very quickly，" Wood said.It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups，including those who originally rejected climate change.But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.

（1）What does the underlined word "recedes" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Increases.
B．Graduates.
C．Disappears.
D．Strikes.
（2）What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us？
A．The research object.
B．The research result.
C．The research purpose.
D．The research procedure.
（3）Why did researchers ask participants the second question？
A．To survey the government's satisfaction rate.
B．To make an assessment on their attitudes.
C．To teach them scientific understanding.
D．To measure action on climate change.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds
B．Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment
C．Accurate Science Reporting Don't Persuade Only Politicians
D．People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change

共享时间:2023-03-01 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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213716. （2022•高新一中•高二上期中） In a former gold mine a mile underground，inside a.titanium tank（钛储罐）filled with a rare liquified gas，scientists have begun the search for what so far has been unfindable；dark matter.
   Scientists are trying to understand why the universe is not what it seems.One part of the mystery is dark matter，which has by far most of the mass in the universe.Astronomers know it's there even though it's nowhere to be seen，because when they measure the stars and other regular matter in galaxies，they find that there is not nearly enough gravity to hold them together.If nothing else was out there，galaxies would be quickly flying apart.
   The race to solve this enormous mystery has brought one team to the depths under Lead，South Dakota.
   The idea is that a mile of dirt and rock，a giant tank，a second tank and the purest titanium in the world will block nearly all the cosmic rays and particles （粒子） around us every day.But dark matter particles，scientists think，can avoid all those obstacles.They hope one will fly into the liquid xenon（疝气） in the inner tank and smash into a xenon nucleus（原子核），revealing its existence in a flash of light seen by a device called"the time projection chamber."
   Scientists announced Thursday that the five-year，＄60 million search finally got underway two months ago after a delay caused by the pandemic.So far the device has found...nothing.At least no dark matter.
   And if all their calculations and theories are right，they figure they'll see only a couple signs of dark matter a year.By the time the experiment finishes，the chance of finding dark matter with this device is probably less than 50% but more than 10%".
   While that's far from a sure thing，"you need a little enthusiasm，"said Kevin Lesko，a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley Naonal Laboratory." You don't go into rare search physics without some hope of finding something."
   These scientists tried to a similar，smaller experiment here years ago.After coming up empty，they figured they had to go much bigger.Another large-scale experiment is underway in Italy run by a rival team，but no results have been announced so far.

（1）What do we know about dark matter？
A．It is a rare liquified gas.
B．It is invisible and hard to find.
C．It is unknown to scientists.
D．It is a form of gravity in the galaxies.
（2）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．The result of the experiment.
B．The design of the experiment.
C．The reason for conducting the experiment.
D．The importance of the experiment.
（3）What can we learn about the experiment？
A．Its success is guaranteed.
B．It is almost finished.
C．It has been fruitless so far.
D．It is the first attempt in the field.
（4）Which of the following might Kevin Lesko agree with？
A．Don't count your chickens.
B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Strike while the iron is hot.
D．Every cloud has a silver lining.

共享时间:2022-11-18 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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213116. （2023•蓝田县•高二上期中）     Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night.This solves the problem of how to portion out （分配） energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
    While the sun shines，plants perform photosynthesis （光合作用）.In this process，the plants change sunlight，water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar，called starch （淀粉）.At night，the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
    "The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food，" said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast，plants will starve and stop growing during the night.If the store is used too slowly，some of it will be wasted."
    The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis，which is regarded as a model plant for experiments.To give the plants some math tests，the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
    During one of the exams，they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights.Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual.And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
    Amazingly，even after this day length trick，the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.They had neither starved，nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
    The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird，the little stint，can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more，on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.

（1）According to the passage，plants        .
A．use little energy during the day
B．usually stop growing at night
C．waste a lot of energy at night
D．store starch during the day
（2）What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis？
A．They changed the plant's light conditions.
B．They provided the plant with more starch.
C．They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D．They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
（3）When morning arrived，the experimental plants        .
A．nearly died of lack of food
B．used most of their stored energy
C．began to regulate their food store
D．stored enough starch for the next day
（4）What can we learn about the little stint？
A．They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B．They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C．They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D．They are unable to calculate the distances.

共享时间:2023-11-24 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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213686. （2023•高新一中•高二下期中）     Some people say that the planet is getting smaller，that there are few places left to explore，and that the age of exploration will be over soon.
    I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore.That's because the stage for all exploration is the natural world，and nature is experiencing a rapid decline.It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found.Ultimately，only the things we appreciate are worth protecting.
    As the golden age of exploration weakens，so does the richness of life on Earth.It isn't just that there are fewer blank areas on the map；it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up （瓜分）.Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert，for example，no longer implies a self-supported expedition （考察）.Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
    In the next century，I believe we will need larger and wilder areas.We will need the wilderness，not just for the protection of it，but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean water，food and materials.If we succeed，then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions，monitor populations，and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose.More importantly，they greatly help the public experience，understand and appreciate nature.
    Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand "edge effects" — how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals，I find it important that today's scientists continue to spend time in the field.It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system.Sometimes，it's difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there cm the forest edge.
    It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions.The measure of their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future.Their leadership is needed now，more than ever.

（1）What's the purpose of this text？
A．To call on the public to support the study.
B．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
C．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
D．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
（2）What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3？
A．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
（3）What does the author realize after his research expedition？
A．The significance of scientists' field trip.
B．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C．The need to expand the edges of forests.
D．The influence of his study on the environment.
（4）The success of future expeditions will be determined by        .
A．our knowledge of nature
B．the time spent in the field
C．the preservation of wild places
D．the study system of young generations

共享时间:2023-05-30 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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204536. （2023•西安市蓝田县城关中学•高二下期末）     Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night.This solves the problem of how to portion out （分配） energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
    While the sun shines，plants perform photosynthesis （光合作用）.In this process，the plants change sunlight，water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar，called starch （淀粉）.At night，the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
    "The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food，" said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast，plants will starve and stop growing during the night.If the store is used too slowly，some of it will be wasted."
    The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis，which is regarded as a model plant for experiments.To give the plants some math tests，the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
    During one of the exams，they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights.Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual.And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
    Amazingly，even after this day length trick，the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.They had neither starved，nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
    The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird，the little stint，can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more，on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.

（1）According to the passage，plants        .
A．use little energy during the day
B．usually stop growing at night
C．waste a lot of energy at night
D．store starch during the day
（2）What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis？
A．They changed the plant's light conditions.
B．They provided the plant with more starch.
C．They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D．They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
（3）When morning arrived，the experimental plants        .
A．nearly died of lack of food
B．used most of their stored energy
C．began to regulate their food store
D．stored enough starch for the next day
（4）What can we learn about the little stint？
A．They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B．They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C．They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D．They are unable to calculate the distances.

共享时间:2023-07-12 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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204498. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末）     Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night.This solves the problem of how to portion out （分配） energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
    While the sun shines，plants perform photosynthesis （光合作用）.In this process，the plants change sunlight，water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar，called starch （淀粉）.At night，the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
    "The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food，" said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast，plants will starve and stop growing during the night.If the store is used too slowly，some of it will be wasted."
    The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis，which is regarded as a model plant for experiments.To give the plants some math tests，the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
    During one of the exams，they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights.Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual.And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
    Amazingly，even after this day length trick，the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.They had neither starved，nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
    The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird，the little stint，can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more，on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.

（1）According to the passage，plants        .
A．use little energy during the day
B．usually stop growing at night
C．waste a lot of energy at night
D．store starch during the day
（2）What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis？
A．They changed the plant's light conditions.
B．They provided the plant with more starch.
C．They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D．They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
（3）When morning arrived，the experimental plants        .
A．nearly died of lack of food
B．used most of their stored energy
C．began to regulate their food store
D．stored enough starch for the next day
（4）What can we learn about the little stint？
A．They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B．They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C．They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D．They are unable to calculate the distances.

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201808. （2024•西安中学•七模）     In a new study，researchers found that invasive insects in the United States could kill approximately 1.4 million urban trees by 2050，which would cost over ＄900 million to replace，reports Vishwam Sankaran for the Independent.
    Hot spots predicted to have the most urban tree mortality（死亡率） were Milwaukee，Wisconsin；Chicago，Illinois；and New York，New York.The study，published in the Journal of Applied Ecology，is the first nationwide forecast of street tree mortality from invasive insects.
    The emerald ash borer is an invasive beetle native to Asia.It was first detected in 2002 in southeastern Michigan，and experts suspect it was brought into the United States on wood packing material carried on cargo ships or airplanes traveling from Asia.Since then，the bug has been damaging ash trees.In the last two decades since the insect was first detected，numerous trees have been killed in North America.
    Data collected from 30，000 communities across the country was used to estimate tree mortality in the next 30 years.The researchers combined this data with a model that predicted the spread of 57 different invasive insect species.Their resultow emerald ash borers alone could cause 90% of the estimated 1.4 million tree deaths.Ash borers are already predicted to "kill virtually all ash trees" in over 6，000 urban areas，according to Newsweek.
    Less than 25% of 30，000 urban areas in the U.S.are expected to experience 95% of all street-tree mortality，reports Adam Barnes for the Hill.The areas that will experience the most tree loss include cities in the Midwest and East Coast.These locations are expected to have the most tree loss because large numbers of ash trees occupy the streets and parks in these areas，reported the Independent.
    When it comes to how to save urban areas from becoming treeless，study author Emma Hudgins，a biologist at McGill University，says， "These results can hopefully provide a cautionary tale against planting a single species of tree throughout entire cities，as has been done with ash trees in North America.Planting various trees provides resilience against pest infestations（侵扰）."

（1）What can we know about the emerald ash borer？
A.It is an invasive beetle in Asia.
B.It was first found by the Michigan people.
C.It has killed numerous trees in America.
D.They definitely enter the U.S.by cargo ships or airplanes.
（2）What is the fourth paragraph intended to describe？
A.The purpose of the research.
B.The conclusion of the research.
C.The significance of the research.
D.The process and result of the research.
（3）What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph？
A.Pest infestations are taking place across the country.
B.The insect's invasion won't spread equally in America.
C.Tree loss is the main cause of environmental problems.
D.Ash trees are being removed from many areas in the U.S.
（4）What suggestion does Emma Hudgins provide？
A.Getting different types of trees planted.
B.Replacing foreign trees with local ones.
C.Getting more trees planted in more areas.
D.Planting trees resistant to pest infestations.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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203659. （2024•师大附中•高二上期末）     The Stanford marshmallow（棉花糖） test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
    As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted（诱惑） by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets-all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
    We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value-a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing （the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
    A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded（轰炸） with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental"junk food"in order to manage our time most effectively.

（1）What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test？
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
（2）According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between        .
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
（3）What does the author suggest readers do？
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A.Eat Less，Read More
B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C.The Later，the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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204496. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末）     The worldwide 20th century "Green Revolution"，which saw huge year-by-year increases in global grain yields （产量），was fueled by the development in the 1960s of new high-yielding dwarfed （矮小） varieties known as Green Revolution Varieties （GRVs）.
    These dwarfed GRVs are common all over the world in today's wheat and rice crops.Because they are dwarfed，with short stems，GRVs devote relatively more resources than tall plants to the growth of grains rather than stems，and are less likely to suffer yield losses from wind and rain damage.However，the growth of GRVs requires farmers to use large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers （氮肥） in their fields.These fertilizers are costly to farmers and cause extensive damage to the natural environment.The development of new GRVs combining high yields with reduced fertilizer requirements is thus a global agricultural goal.
    Researchers at the University of Oxford and the Chinese Academy of Science have discovered for the first time a gene that can help reach the goal.Comparing 36 different dwarfed rice varieties，the researchers identified a novel natural gene that helps increase the rate at which plants make use of nitrogen from the soil.This gene，called GRF4，can increase the amount of a protein （蛋白质） in plant cells.GRF4 is actually a promoter that encourages the activity of other genes—genes that promote nitrogen uptake （摄入）.Professor Harberd said， "Increasing GRF4 levels could contribute to an increase in the grain yields of GRVs，especially at low fertilizer input levels."
    The researchers say the latest rice variety containing GRVould now become a major target for farmers in increasing crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency，with the aim of achieving the global grain yield increases necessary to feed a growing world population at a reduced environmental cost.It is very urgent at the moment.
    Professor Harberd added， "This study is an example of how studying fundamental science objectives can lead rapidly to potential solutions to global challenges.It shows how the discovery can enable chances for food security and future new green revolutions."

（1）What can we know about dwarfed GRVs？
A．They have higher yield and taller stems.
B．They are a "double-edged sword".
C．They are environmentally friendly.
D．They can be easily affected by weather.
（2）What does "the goal" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Increasing the rate of nitrogen use.
B．Producing cheaper nitrogen fertilizers.
C．Using fewer fertilizers to produce more grains.
D．Finding a gene to solve agricultural problems.
（3）What can GRV directly do？
A．It promotes other genes' activity.
B．It increases the output of crops.
C．It takes in nitrogen from the soil.
D．It lowers fertilizer input levels.

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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212782. （2025•西安一中•高二下期中）     The ancient ritual（仪式的） meaning of Stonehenge ts still unknown，but researchers are one step closer to understanding how the famous stone circle was created.
    The special stone tying flat at the center of Stonehenge was brought to the site in southern England from near the tip of northeast Scotland，researchers reported Wednesday in the journal Nature.It's not clear whether the 5-meter stone was carried by boat or across land-a journey of more than 740 kilometers.For more than a hundred years，scientists believed that Stonehenge's central sandstone-long called the"altar stone"-came from much closer Wales.But a study last year by some of the same researcherowed that the stone didn't match the geology（地质）of Wales' sandstone fornatioms.The actuat source of the stone remained unknown.
    Although the team was not allowed to take the rocks from the site tor the study，they studied the minerals in small pieces of rocks that were collected in past digs，some from as far back as the 1840s.They found a match in the sandstone formations of Orcadian Basin in northeast Scotland，a place that includes parts of the tip of the Scottish peninsula as well as the Orkney Islands.The difficult work of moving the stone such a long way shows a high level of teamwork and cultural connection between these two places of ancient Britain.Stonehenge was built around 5，000 years ago，with stones forming different circles brought to the site at different times.The placement of stones allows for the sun to rise through a stone"window"during summer solstice（夏至） The ancient purpose of the altar stone-which lies flat at the heart of Stonehenge，now under other rocks—remains unknown to us.
    Former research haown cultural connections-such as similarities in pottery（陶器） styles—between the area around Stonehenge and Scotland's Orkney Islands.Other stones at Stonehenge came from western Wales.While Britain is full of other Neolithic stone circles，the thing that's special about Stonehenge is the distance the stones traveled.

（1）What is the researchers' new finding about Stonehenge？
A.The ritual meaning Stonehenge has.
B.The place the altar stone came from.
C.The way the famous stone circle was created.
D.The reason why the altar stone was carried to England.
（2）How did the researchers study the source of the altar stone？
A.By researching the geology of wates.
B.By carrying away some rocks from the site.
C.By studying minerals in rock pieces collected in the past.
D.By comparing the stone with other stones in nearby places.
（3）What can we learn about Stonehenge from the text？
A.It was built through great teamwork.
B.It still has an important ritual meaning now.
C.The stone lying at the center of it was carried by boat.
D.The circle has remained unchanged since it was created.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A.The Exact Source of the Altar Stone
B.A Journey of More Than 740 Kilometers
C.The Ancient Ritual Meaning of Stonehenge
D.Cultural Connections Between Two Places in Britain

共享时间:2025-05-19 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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212800. （2025•二十六中•高二下期中）     Hadeda ibises，known as "African alarm clocks" for their loud calls，have long legs and thin beaks （鸟喙） and shiny feathers on their wings.Historically restricted to northeastern South Africa，hadedas have significantly expanded their range to many urban areas.
    Various ibises use remote-touch to detect movements of prey （猎物） in the soil and locate their hidden place.This ability is facilitated by a sensory organ in their beaks，called the bill-tip organ，which developed during the time of the dinosaurs.My recent research confirmed that hadedas have this "sixth sense" and found it is closely tied to soil moisture （湿度） levels.
    We conducted sensory tests with hadedas in bird cages.We presented them with boxes of soil containing buried worms （虫），masking any sounds with white noise and mixing dead worms into the soil to remove scent cues （气味线索）.The birds consistently found live worms faster than dead ones，indicating they are able to sense movements of prey and use remote-touch to find them.
    Further testing revealed that hadedas found worms more quickly in wetter soils.If the soil was too dry，they lost this ability and had to rely on random searching.These findings suggest that the hadedas' expansion in South Africa is related to increased artificial watering systems.They require wet soil to use remote-touch effectively，which could explain their absence in dry regions.Droughts and heatwaves，expected to worsen with climate change，could threaten their population by making prey detection more challenging.
    The study highlights the broader implications for other remote-touch hunting birds，many of which are already endangered.As soil moisture levels decrease，these birds could become more at risk，stressing the importance of considering sensory requirements in conservation efforts.

（1）What do we know about hadeda ibises？
A.They are known for shiny feathers.
B.They barely see any rise in numbers.
C.They recall images of the dinosaurs.
D.They have a specialized sensory organ.
（2）Why were white noise and dead worms used in the experiment？
A.To get a more reliable result.
B.To add experimental items.
C.To copy natural habitats.
D.To avoid disturbing the subjects.
（3）What does the research suggest about the impact of climate change on hadedas？
A.Climate change will decrease their reliance on soil moisture.
B.Droughts could make it more difficult for them to find prey.
C.Increased rainfall will help them relocate to urbanized areas.
D.Rising temperatures could increase their feeding efficiency.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？
A.The specialty of hadedas' organs.
B.The masters of dry land hunting.
C.Hadedas' prey detection in wet soil.
D.Hadedas ibises' urban expansion.

共享时间:2025-05-12 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201722. （2024•西安中学•一模）     The Stanford marshmallow（棉花糖） test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
    As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted（诱惑） by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets-all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
    We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value-a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing （the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
    A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded（轰炸） with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental"junk food"in order to manage our time most effectively.

（1）What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test？
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
（2）According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between        .
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
（3）What does the author suggest readers do？
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A.Eat Less，Read More
B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C.The Later，the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups

共享时间:2024-03-11 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201721. （2024•西安中学•一模）     Many people have dreamt to find a cancer cure.Now，a pill might provide some insight into their dreams.
   The medicine，AOH1996，also called the"cancer-killing pill"，explicitly targets the protein that encourages cancer cells to spread across the body.It prevents proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA细胞增殖核抗原） with a tiny molecule.Up to August 2023，it is being evaluated in Phase I clinical studies for the treatment of solid cancers.
   Cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells continue to proliferate uncontrollably，causing the tissue to be destroyed.About one in six deaths were due to cancer in 2020，making it the top cause of death globally.
   According to a recent study published in Cell Chemical Biology，City of Hope researchers have discovered a novel method to treat cancer using a special tablet that can get rid of solid tumors.AOH1996 differs from other targeted cancer therapies in this respect，where other approaches may cause a tumor to change and develop more resistance to treatment.
   According to City of Hope Professor Linda Malkas，the research team created a medicine specifically targeting the kind of PCNA seen in cancer cells since data indicate that PCNA is distinctively changed in cancer cells.The novel cancer medicine acts like a snowstorm closing a significant airport，stopping only flights from and to aircraft carrying cancer cells.
   "Results have been promising.AOH1996 can prevent tumor growth in cell and animal models.The drug is currently in Phase I clinical trial in humans at City of Hope."
   Treatment of lung，brain and skin cancers with AOH1996 haown to be effective.It kills specific cells by stopping them from replicating（复制） typically.To assess this medicine for potential future use，more clinical studies are planned.

（1）What can we know about PCNA？
A.It is a pill that cures solid cancer.
B.It is a medicine that prevents tumor growth.
C.It is a molecule targeted by the cancer-killing pill AOH1996.
D.It is a protein that causes cancer cells to spread across the body.
（2）Why is AOH1996 different from other cancer drugs？
A.It has cured many patients' cancers.
B.It will develop drug resistance.
C.It is a natural product collected from plants.
D.It has less side effects than other cancer drugs.
（3）What does the author want to express by saying"The novel cancer medicine acts like a snowstorm closing a significant airport..""？
A.AOH1996 targets cancer cells without harming healthy cells.
B.AOH1996 has caused chaos in the medical field.
C.AOH1996 is highly effective but inefficient in treating cancer patients.
D.AOH1996 is unpredictable and can have unintended consequences.
（4）What's the purpose of planning more clinical studies for AOH1996？
A.Determining the specific types of cancers it can effectively treat.
B.Investigating the possible side effects of the medicine.
C.Determining if it can be used on a large scale.
D.Confirming its effectiveness in killing specific cells.

共享时间:2024-03-11 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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203749. （2024•西工大附中•高二上期末）     Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today，thousands of years later.Roman engineers built thick concrete sea barriers，for example.And Chinese builders raised walls against invaders.But there are many recent structures that are already starting to fail.The concrete that makes up much of our modern world lasts around 50 to 100 years.
    A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long ago.They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years.The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings.They include tree bark，volcanic ash，rice，beer and even urine （尿液）.These unexpected materials could have the ability to get stronger over time and "heal" cracks when they form.
    Figuring out how to copy these features could have real impacts today.While our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy infrastructure （基础结构），it cannot compete with the endurance of these ancient materials.With the rising threats of climate change，there is a growing call to make construction more sustainable.A recent UN report estimates that the built environment is responsible for more than a third of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.Cement （水泥） production alone makes up more than 7 percent of those emissions.
    Is ancient Roman concrete better？In places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages，you will find concrete "basically the way it was when it was poured 2，000 years ago，" said John Oleson，an archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada.
    Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement，a powder made by heating limestone （石灰岩） and clay to super-high temperatures and breaking them up.That cement is mixed with water to create a paste.Then，materials like rock and gravel are added.Records from ancient builderow the Roman process was similar.The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and rocks，creating chemical reactions to tie everything together.
    Now，scientists think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years.The ancient material has an unusual power to repair itself.Exactly how is not yet clear，so scientists are starting to find reasons why.
（1）What is the purpose of the comparison in Paragraph 1？
A．To introduce a topic.
B．To list a motivation.
C．To give a definition.
D．To present an argument.
（2）Which aspect of ancient Roman building materials surprises scientists？
A．Their necessary ingredients.
B．Their processing procedure.
C．Their amazing sustainability.
D．Their high-end technology.
（3）According to the passage，          remains a mystery.
A．what made up those ancient Roman materials
B．where the ancient Roman materials were produced
C．how those ancient Roman materials were transported
D．why the ancient Roman materials healed automatically
（4）Where is the text probably from？
A．A travel brochure.
B．A science fiction.
C．An architecture essay.
D．An environment report.

共享时间:2024-02-06 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201807. （2024•西安中学•七模）     Harvard scientists have engineered a group of fish that swims autonomously.Researchers say the experiment could advance pacemaker（起搏器） technology and improve the development of artificial hearts for humans.
    Researchers built the fish using paper，two parts of heart muscle tissue —one on the left side and one on the right —and a plastic fin.A contraction on one side caused the muscle on the other side to stretch.The stretching then caused those cells to contract，which moved the tail from side to side and allowed it to swim on its own.The muscle cells were from human stem cells.The researchers also engineered an autonomous pacing node，which acted like a pacemaker by controlling the rhythm and frequency of the contractions.
    The fish moved autonomously for over 108 days，which is equal to 38 million beats，the study states.Because heart cells constantly rebuild themselves，which takes about 20 days，the fish cells rebuilt themselves a total of about five times over，says Kit Parker，a professor from Harvard University who led the research.
    Years ago，Parker was disappointed with the state of heart treatment. "It occurred to me in 2007 that we might have failed to understand the fundamental laws of muscular pumps，" he said in a 2012 statement.Then，on a trip to the museum with his daughter，he spotted a special fish. "I'm looking at it，thinking， 'It pumps，it looks like a heart pump，and I could build that thing.'" In 2012，his team created a fish that swam using rat heart cells，and then a ray fish with rat heart cells in 2016.
    Though the researchers say the fish is a step forward for heart research，it could be years before it leads to the creation of an artificial heart，says Michael Schneider，a professor at Imperial College London，who wasn't involved in the study.But that doesn't dismay Parker. "I think other methods will be faster than us，" says Parker. "But in the long run，creating tissue that relies on the patient's own cells could offer unexpected benefits."

（1）What made the fish swim autonomously in the experiment？
A.The special paper.
B.The push of the fin.
C.Muscle contractions.
D.The support of the tail.
（2）What result probably impressed the researchers most？
A.The power of the pacing node.
B.The swimming speed of the fish.
C.The fish's lasting swimming time.
D.The rhythm of the fish's movement.
（3）Why is Parker's trip to the museum mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A.It gave Parker a good memory.
B.It made Parker find inspiration.
C.It removed Parker's disappointment.
D.It introduced Parker to a special fish.
（4）What does the underlined word "dismay" mean in the last paragraph？
A.Depress.
B.Annoy.
C.Embarrass.
D.Relieve.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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dygzyyyn

2023-05-11

高中英语 | 高一下 | 阅读理解

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