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205490. （2020•莲湖区•高一下期末） Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood．Then we hit a dead end around age 5．It's supposed to be much harder for older kids．The time when people can learn the rules and structure of a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18． "But that's not so，" says psychologist（心理学家）Joshua Hartshorne．
   Hartshorne asked friends to take an online English grammar test．After completing the test，volunteers answered questions about where they had lived，the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English．Hartshorne also asked how long they had lived in an English-speaking country．As he had hoped，people shared the test widely online．This let Hartshorne's group study the answers from 669，498 native and non-native speakers of English．The researchers used statistics to find out when people with different English-speaking experiences reached their top grammar ability．
   If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12，they finally spoke it as well as folks who had learned both English and another language from birth．But both groups scored a little worse than people who spoke English only，the researchers found．The test resultowed that around age 17，people's ability to learn grammar took a sharp drop．And those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English skillfulness as people who started younger．Why？The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at surprise：Language learning did not end at 17．People's English skills kept improving a little until around age 30，the new study found．And this was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language．Still，most language learning happened by age 20，the new study decided．

（1）What age period is best for grammar learning according to earlier research？
A．From 17 to 20．
B．From 5 to 12．
C．Before age 5．
D．From 20 to 30．
（2）How did Hartshorne get his study statistics？
A．By experimenting in the lab．
B．By making an online survey．
C．By studying historical records．
D．By collecting earlier study results．
（3）Which of the following agrees with Hartshorne's study results？
A．Language learning needs much practice．
B．Language learning ends at the age of 17．
C．The more languages you learn，the better．
D．It is best to learn language after 20 years old．
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．How native speakers learn English？
B．What's the best age to learn a language？
C．What's the best way to learn a foreign language？
D．Why non-native speakers can never master a second language？

共享时间:2020-07-11 难度:4

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[考点]

教育，科普知识，说明文，应用文，

[答案]

（

）﹣（

）

CBAB

[解析]

（1）C．细节理解题．第一段第一句提到"Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood．Then we hit a dead end around age 5．"，在幼儿期时，人的语言能力是最高的，在5岁的时候就撞上了死胡同．由此判断，在5岁的时候语言学习能力有所下降．因此5岁前是最好的语言学习期．故选C．
（2）B．细节理解题．第二段提到"Hartshorne asked friends to take an online English grammar test．" 和"As he had hoped，people shared the test widely online． "Hartshorne邀请他的朋友在网上进行英语语法测试，并且在网上广泛地分享了这个测试．由此判断Hartshorne是通过网上调研获得数据的．故选B．
（3）A．推理判断题．第三段提到"And those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English skillfulness as people who started younger．Why？The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at surprise"在10﹣12岁后才开始学英语的人，他们的水平达不到从很小就开始学习英语的人．后面回答了产生这个现象的原因：因为在语言学习技能下降之前，他们练习的时间更少，由此判断，语言的学习是要不断练习的．故选A．
（4）B．标题判断题．分析文章内容可知，本文是一篇说明文．文章第一段介绍了关于学习语言最好的年领的早期研究，第二段第三段介绍了心理学家关于语言学习年龄的新研究．同时在第三段最后一句提到最新的研究指出大多数的语言学习发生在20岁左右．综上可判断全文都在介绍语言学习的最佳年龄．故选B．

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202748. （2020•西安中学•一模） Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades．A study led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute （HCI），at the University of Utah and Arizona State University may have found the answer．
   According to the results，elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53，a definite tumor suppressor，as compared to humans，who have only two．Further，elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous．In isolated elephant cells，this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells，and five times that of cells from patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome，who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults．The results suggest extra p53 could explain elephants' increased resistance to cancer．
   "Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer．It's up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people，" says co-senior author Joshua Schiffman，M．D．，pediatric oncologist （儿科肿瘤医生） at Huntsman Cancer Institute，University of Utah School of Medicine．
   But Prof Mel Greaves，from the Institute of Cancer Research in London，says we should focus on why humans have such high levels of cancer．He pointed to the rise of unhealthy，cancer-causing behaviors，such as obesity and sunbathing． "You've never seen an elephant smoke!" he added．
   According to Schiffman，elephants have long been considered a walking problem．Because they have 100 times as many cells as people，they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancerous state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years．And yet analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people．

（1）Why are elephants less likely to get cancer than humans？
A．Elephants are bigger than humans．
B．Elephants have more p53 genes and mechanism killing damaged cells．
C．Elephants are not as clever as humans in walking．
D．Elephants eat more than humans．
（2）Which of the following can be the equivalent of the underlined word "suppressor"？
A．multiplier
B．complex
C．restrainer
D．coordinator
（3）What's Prof Mel Greaves' attitude towards the discovery？
A．Doubtful．
B．Neutral．
C．Critical．
D．Favorable．
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Elephants have longer life than people．
B．There is no chance that elephants die from cancer．
C．The rate of elephants dying from cancer is increasing．
D．It was thought theoretically that elephants could get cancer more easily．

共享时间:2020-03-15 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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203572. （2025•临潼区•高一上期末）     Your ears are already dark，wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria （细菌）.It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria.
    Actually，a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent （频繁的） use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus，a common skin bacterium.And in 1992，a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda，Maryland in the US，found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour.
    As unpleasant as this sounds，there is no need to worry about it.The headphones in the second study were clean before use，so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms.
    Also，this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria.The study's authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins.The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play.Furthermore，there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm.A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.
    The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally，and your ear is able to deal with them.However，several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions （擦伤） that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.

（1）What does the underlined word "inviting" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Equal.
B.Attractive.
C.Deadly.
D.Confusing.
（2）Why does the author mention the 2002 study？
A.To support a view.
B.To show a lifestyle.
C.To raise a question.
D.To present a product.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Researchers haven't finished the studies.
B.Listening to music makes us less focused.
C.We can kill harmful bacteria completely.
D.Improper use of headphones harms health.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria
B.Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear
C.Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones
D.Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria

共享时间:2025-02-15 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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201789. （2024•西安中学•五模）     Research has found that using wood for construction instead of concrete and steel can reduce emissions.But Tim Searchinger at Princeton University says many of these studies are based on the false foundation that harvesting wood is carbon neutral （碳中和）. "Only a small percentage of the wood gets into a timber （木料） product，and a part of that gets into a timber product that can replace concrete and steel in a building，" he says.Efficiencies vary in different countries，but large amounts of a harvested tree are left to be divided into parts，used in short-lived products like paper or burned for energy，all of which generate emissions.
    In a report for the World Resources Institute，Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050，accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood.They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction.They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.
    Under some circumstances，the researchers found significant emissions reductions.But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction，as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places，like Brazil.In general，they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades.Accounting for emissions in this way，the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
    Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report's conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct，but the story is different for wood we already harvest. "Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions，" he says. "We cannot just say we should stop using wood."

（1）What is wrong with previous researches according to Searchinger？
A．They got wrong statistics.
B．They used an incorrect concept.
C．They included too many factors.
D．They were applied in limited countries.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？
A．The process of the new research.
B．The background of the new study.
C．The challenge of the new research.
D．The achievements of the new study.
（3）When will the emissions drop off greatly according to the new study？
A．When wood grows slowly.
B．When wood is used to make paper.
C．When wood is used to build a house.
D．When wood is harvested in countries like Brazil.
（4）What is Ali Amiri's attitude toward the new result？
A．Favorable.
B．Doubtful.
C．Critical.
D．Objective.

共享时间:2024-05-08 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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203805. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      What killed King Tut？Historians and scientists have long believed that ancient Egypt's most famous king was probably murdered.But a recent scientific study claims to have found a different answer to this more than 3，300-year-old mystery.A team of researchers now say that King Tut，the boy ruler，died of complications（并发症） from a broken leg.
   Tut's full name was Tutankhamun.He was just 9 years old when he became the ruler of Egypt.His treasure-filled tomb was discovered almost a century ago.It was filled with royal riches，including a solid-gold coffin，a gold mask，and piles of jewelry.
   Unfortunately Tut died at the age of 19.Many experts have thought that Tut was killed by one of his advisers，named Ay，who wanted to be king.But due to a major modern science project，the idea is wrong.
   Researchers set out to solve the mystery of King Tut's death by using the tools of science，including DNA tests and electronic scans of his mummy（木乃伊）.Scientist Carsten Pusch conducted the tests on Tut for the new study.He thinks a broken leg contributed to the young king's death.
   More than 100 walking sticks were found in King Tut's tomb.This supports the team's findings.But how could a person die from a simple broken leg？
   Pusch also found DNA evidence in Tut's body that indicates he had malaria（疟疾），a disease carried by mosquitoes.Malaria severely weakens the immune system.
   Pusch and his fellow researchers believe the malaria and the bone disease together caused the king's fracture（骨折） to become deadly.Finally，the young king was just too weak to recover.

（1）It has long been believed by historians and scientists that        .
A.King Tut was the youngest ruler in the world history
B.King Tut was the richest ruler in the history of Egypt
C.King Tut was murdered by one of his advisers
D.King Tut was poisoned by one of his servants
（2）From the passage we can learn that        .
A.the king had been dead for 3，300 years
B.the king was buried grandly
C.the king was born with a bad immune system
D.the king's body was well kept in the tomb
（3）Researchers uncovered the mystery of King Tut's death by        .
A.testing the king's immune system
B.studying the walking sticks found in the tomb
C.performing experiments on mosquitoes
D.applying DNA tests and electronic scan technology
（4）The passage mainly tells us about        .
A.a different answer to King Tut's death
B.a famous boy king in ancient Egypt
C.a treasure-filled tomb discovered in Egypt
D.a team of researchers studying ancient tombs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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203804. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      Millions of years ago dinosaurs lived on the earth.In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet.There were green forests and they could find enough to eat.Later，parts of the earth became cold and dry，and the forests there died.Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat.This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.
   We can guess another reason.New kinds of animals came on the earth.Some had big brains and were fast and strong.They could kill dinosaurs.
   There may be other reasons that we don't know about yet.Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.
   Dinosaurs have many sizes and shapes（形状）.Some were as small as chickens，while some were about 90 feet long.
   There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs.They might have happened more than 100 million years ago.Though there was no man to see any of the fights，we can be told by the footprints（足迹）that fights did take place.

（1）According to the passage，dinosaurs did exist only        on the earth.
A.for millions of years
B.millions of years ago
C.more than 100 million years ago
D.when it was warm and wet somewhere
（2）One reason why dinosaurs died out is that        .
A.there were too many dinosaurs
B.parts of the earth became warm and wet
C.there were many green forests
D.they couldn't find enough to eat
（3）We can see from this passage        .
A.scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs
B.dinosaurs are dangerous enough
C.dinosaurs are worth studying further
D.scientists know nothing about dinosaurs
（4）Those terrible fights can be explained by        .
A.footprints
B.imagination
C.rocks and forests
D.dinosaurs' eggs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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205621. （2019•蓝田县•高二下期末） As an oceanographer（海洋学家），I've spent many years developing robots to explore the ocean，and now we're putting that technology to use in our JASON Project，a program that's designed to inspire students and get them interested in science，technology，engineering and mathematics．In theaters throughout the country，we bring kids together and send back to them on large screens our live explorations of large areas of the globe．Not only are the kids observers，but they can operate robots moving across the area while broadcasting images back to them．The kids have the sensation（感受）of really being at the site with us．
   I believe advances in robot technology will one day be the key to a new kind of travel．In the next 10 or 15 years，people will have rooms in their houses that will be able to simulate（模拟） other environment．I like to call this rooms "home domes"-small theaters with screens and advanced equipment that can reproduce the sights，sounds，smells，and feel of a desert or a forest．Hand in hand with these rooms，I can see a market for travel robots located in countries around the world．You could rent（租） a robot working in a rain forest，then go into your home dome，where you yourself operate the robot's movements．The equipment in the room will receive the sensations in the robot's environment and simulate them for you．
   Today，much of the world's population never travels more than 50 or 60 miles from home．And even a person with enough time can see only a part of the earth's sights．But this new way of travel will cost so much less in both time and money and allow people to see a lot more of the globe．And simulated travel will also help protect our planet．You can't take large groups of tourists to look at Dian Fossey's gorillas （大猩猩）．But a small robot，with no animal smell，can get very close to a gorilla and send the sights，sounds，and smells back to a million people．

（1）The main purpose of the JASON Project is to        ．
A．design robots
B．educate children
C．explore the world
D．improve technology
（2）Without going outside，people in "home domes" can        ．
A．get very close to nature
B．enjoy a guided trip
C．develop and operate robots
D．send images back to scientists
（3）What's the author's attitude towards the future of robot technology？
A．Uncaring．
B．Doubtful．
C．Hopeful．
D．Dissatisfied．
（4）According to the text，simulated travel        ．
A．has been widely accepted
B．costs lots of time and money
C．is harmful to the environment
D．is time-and money-saving

共享时间:2019-07-08 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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203777. （2024•铁一中学•高一上期末）     Despite the fact that parrots are well known for their long lives and complex cognition （认知），it remains unknown whether the two traits（特征） have influenced each other.
    "The problem has been sourcing good quality data，" said Simeon Smeele，a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior （MPI-AB） and lead author of a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B that tried to solve this question.
    Scientists from the MPI-AB and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology （MPI-EvA） teamed up with Species360 to compile data from over 130，000 individual parrots sourced from over 1，000 zoos to find the average life span of 217 parrot species.
    The analysis revealed an astonishing diversity in life expectancy，ranging from an average of two years for the fig parrot up to an average of 30 years for the scarlet macaw.
    Next，the team tried to determine whether or not parrots' renowned cognitive abilities had any influence on their longevity.Their results support the theory that increased brain size has enabled longer lifespans.Because brain size relative to body size can be an indicator of intelligence，the findings suggested that the parrots with larger brains were able to survive for longer in the wild.
    The scientists were surprised that factors such as diet，or the greater developmental time required to develop larger brains，did not lead to longer average lifespans. "We would have expected the developmental path to play a more important role because in primates it is this developmental cost that explains the link between brain size and longevity，" said Smeele.
    In the future，the team plan to explore if sociality and cultural learning in parrots might have also contributed to long lifespans.Smeele said： "Large-brained birds might spend more time socially learning foraging（觅食） techniques that have been around for multiple generations.This increased learning period could potentially also explain the longer life spans，as it takes more time but also makes the foraging repertoire（全部技能） more adaptive."

（1）What did the study aim to find out about parrots？
A The diversity in their life expectancies.
B．The factors that influence their intelligence.
C．The traits that help them survive in the wild.
D．The link between their cognition and life spans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study？
A．By surveying over 1，000 zoos.
B．By examining parrots' brains.
C．By analyzing the collected data.
D．By observing parrots' behavior.
（3）Which is a possible cause of parrots' longevity？
A．Their diet.
B．Their body size.
C．Their larger brains.
D．Their brains development time.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential applications of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．Further research based on current findings.

共享时间:2024-02-05 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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205619. （2019•蓝田县•高二下期末） One of the most exciting and interesting international cities to visit is London，England．Here is a look at four free things to do during a vacation to London．
   Visit the Trafalgar Square
   Built more than 200 years ago，Trafalgar Square is a popular gathering place for locals and travelers，too．The area is close to good shopping and dining opportunities，and there are usually some sorts of public events or celebrations going on there during most weekends．
   Wander Along the Thames
   Visitors wanting to see some great architecture，attractions and viewould spend an afternoon walking along the River Thames．The best place to start is at the world-famous London Bridge crossing over the river and you can walk all the way to Westminster Bridge a short distance away．Travelers doing this will find themselves passing by a great many historic buildings．
   Explore the Local Markets
   While purchasing items at any of the open markets in London is not necessarily free，walking through them to view the merchants，their products and the other shoppers is of great fun．Some of the popular open markets in London worth visiting include Spitafields Market，Portobello Road Market and Leadenhall Market．
   Visit the British Museum
   One of the top museums in the entire United Kingdom can be found in London，and it charges no admission for entry．This museum is so highly regarded that it is not only popular with locals and tourists，it is also seen as a major and valuable scholarly resource．

（1）What can we know about the Trafalgar Square？
A．It borders the Thames．
B．It has a history of over three centuries．
C．There are many factories around it．
D．From here visitors can easily do some shopping．
（2）What will attract visitors' attention while they're walking along the Thames？
A．Famous buildings．
B．Local products．
C．Great restaurants．
D．Some old trees．
（3）We learn from the text that        ．
A．London Bridge is far from Westminster Bridge
B．Portobello Road Market is located in Manchester
C．visitorould pay some money to enter the British Museum
D．the British Museum is a major and valuable scholarly resource

共享时间:2019-07-08 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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201843. （2024•西安一中•二模）     Each year，our education team works to create a brand-new STEM curriculum.In our 2023 program—Wonder，campers build confidence and work together to take on four exciting challenges，exploring innovation，creative problem solving and design thinking，all while developing persistence and having fun!
Catching Air
    In a high-energy adventure combining physics and creativity，kids design and build a mini skate park!They will have to pick out their own mini skateboard.Then，they'll practice persistence by constructing an awesome skate park complete with ramps，rails，ledges and other features that will put their wheels to the test.
Invention Celebration
    In this festive experience，kids take on the role of event planners as they learn about the importance of celebrating.They'll investigate the science of sights，sounds and circuitry （线路） as they plan their party with light-up party hats，colorful bubbles，art banners and musical instruments.They will also learn about the efficiency of machines.
MimicBot （模拟机器人）
    Exploring nature，genetics and adaptive innovation，kids will turn a MimicBot into an animatronic （电子动物） stuffie.After receiving their bot，they take it apart to investigate its inner mechanics and what makes it move.Once they put it back together，they will personalize their stuffies and use problem-solving skills and intellectual property to protect it from the idea-stealing Copy Cat!
Pop-Up Venture
    The sky is the limit as kids discover what it takes to develop and run a business of their dreams!In this creative challenge，they'll build their own pop-up shop，making decisions and using original strategies to attract customers.Children will communicate through marketing and advertising，learning how to launch and operate their own venture.

（1）What can kids learn at Catching Air？
A.Plan a celebration.
B.Design and build a skate park.
C.Set up and run a business.
D.Look into the inner side of machines.
（2）What do the four activities all have in common？        ?
A.They are only designed to amuse kids.
B.They need adults to provide guidance.
C.They call for the same ability to finish.
D.They teach kids something while having fun.
（3）What is the purpose of the text？        ?
A.To educate.
B.To advise.
C.To introduce.
D.To advertise.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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203774. （2024•铁一中学•高一上期末） The Olympic Museum's educational programs are now free! As of 1 January 2023，our educational programs are free!Teachers can tailor their visits to their own needs and interests，choosing between self- guided tours，guided tours and workshops，with online educational resources also available.
    Here is all the practical information you need to organize your visit.In order to make a reservation，please fill in the pre-reservation form.This form is a must for all types of visits.There are four ways to visit the Museum with your class：
    ●Guided tour：Visit the permanent exhibition accompanied by one of our activity leaders.
    Duration：90 minutes
    ●Workshop + guided tour：Themed tour of the exhibition （permanent or temporary depending on the topic） and workshop in the Gym or Studio，all accompanied by an activity lender.
    Duration：2×45 minutes
    ●Workshop + independent visit （optional）：Accompanied by an activity leader，make the most of a themed workshop and extend your Olympic experience by visiting the exhibitions independently.
    Duration：45 minutes for the workshop，unlimited for an independent visit
    ●Independent visit：Access to all exhibition areas except educational areas.
    Duration：unlimited
    Practical Information
    Self-guided visitors in groups with a reservation will be given priority at the entrance.If the exhibitions are too crowded，we may not be able to give you the privilege.
    Safety distances between adults and students/ children must be respected.
    Rates
    All our educational programs are free of charge for those under the age of 16.
    ●Children up to the age of 15：free
    ●Students aged 16 and over & adults： ﹩ 14
    ●Accompanying adult （1 for 1-10 students，2 for 11-20 students，etc.）：free

（1）What can a teacher do when planning a visit to the museum for the students？
A．Tailor a guided tour for unlimited lime.
B．Make a reservation without filling out a form.
C．Choose an independent tour in educational areas.
D．Design a self-guided tour with a 45-minute workshop.
（2）Visitors have priority access to the Museum when        .
A．the exhibitions are too jammed
B．they are in a guided tour group
C．safely distances between people are respected
D．reservations are made for their self-guided groups
（3）What is the cost for three teachers to take 17 students aged 15，and 2 aged 16 for a tour？
A．﹩ 14.
B．﹩ 28.
C．﹩ 42.
D．﹩ 56.

共享时间:2024-02-05 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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201865. （2024•西安一中•三模）     Fossils （化石），the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history.The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
    The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
    As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment （沉积层）.Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments.This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
    Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process.It involves the infiltration （过滤） of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains.Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers.The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
    Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals.For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure.Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
    The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.

（1）What is the role of fossils in the modern times？        ?
A．To help protect our environment.
B．To help explore the function of the Earth.
C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe.
D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms.
（2）Which of the following is the first step of fossilization？        ?
A．The quick pressure caused by rocks.
B．The quick transformation of the remains.
C．The rapid burial of the remains.
D．The mix of groundwater and minerals.
（3）How can a good copy of organisms form？        ?
A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material.
B．By groundwater moving through them.
C．By accumulating more pressure on them.
D．By creating a protective environment.
（4）What's the text mainly about？        ?
A．The importance of fossils.
B．The process of fossilization.
C．The evolution of ancient animals.
D．The preservation of the remains.

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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204943. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Sea stars can grow new arms.Crayfish can grow new claws.There are interesting creatures that can grow back body parts if accidents happen.However，that is child's play after what researchers saw a sea slug（海蛞蝓） do.
   According to a new discovery by Sayaka Mitoh and her colleagues of Nara Women's University in Japan，two species of sea slugs managed to lose their heads and then began crawling around.Eventually，they grew an entirely new body. "We were surprised to see the head moving just after it was removed，" said Sayaka Mitoh. "We thought that it would die soon without a heart and other important organs，but we were surprised again to find that it regenerated the whole body."
   After the initial discovery，the researchers found that for younger slugs，the detached heads began eating algae within hours.The wound typically closed at the back of the head within days.They started regrowing a heart within a week and the regeneration of the entire body was finished after around three weeks.Older slugs weren't as fortunate.Often the heads didn't feed，so they died in about 10 days.Young or old，the headless bodies never generated a new head.But they did move around and respond to being touched for several days and sometimes months after losing their heads.
   The researchers aren't sure why the sea slugs dropped their heads or how they're able to grow new bodies.They may have parasites（寄生虫） that can hurt reproduction so they are removing their heads in order to also remove the parasites.But the researchers aren't sure what prompts them to know when to cast off the body when they do it.Sayaka Mitoh says they believe there must be cells located in the neck that are similar to stem cells.These are able to regenerate a new body.
   How the heads can survive without a heart and other vital organs is another puzzle.The researchers say these sea slugs fuel their bodies by photosynthesis（光合作用）.They rely on chloroplasts from algae in their own bodies when other food isn't available，a process known as kleptoplasty（盗食质体）.They think this might help them survive long enough to regenerate a body.
   "As the separated body is often active for months，we may be able to study the mechanism and functions of kleptoplasty using living organs，tissues，or even cells，" Sayaka Mitoh said. "Such studies are almost completely lacking，as most studies on kleptoplasty in these animals are done either at the genetic or individual levels."

（1）What surprised Sayaka Mitoh and her colleagues？
A．The sea slug could regrow a new body.
B．The sea slug could remove its own head.
C．The sea slug could survive without oxygen.
D．The headless sea slug could grow a new head.
（2）What happened to older sea slugs after they lost their heads？
A．Their heads survived by eating algae.
B．They healed the wound within ten days.
C．They lost their sense of touch and died soon.
D．Their bodies kept moving around all the time.
（3）What may make sea slugs drop their heads according to researchers？
A．To generate new stem cells.
B．To get rid of parasites.
C．To get away from predators.
D．To end their reproductive cycle.
（4）What is Paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．The process of sea slugs hunting for food.
B．The importance of studying functions of kleptoplasty.
C．The condition for sea slugs to perform photosynthesis.
D．The reason for sea slugs to survive the loss of their bodies.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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205506. （2020•莲湖区•高二下期末） Museum director Sarah Green is a writer，recommending 4 books that influenced her life．
   Hold Still by Sally Mann （2015）
    Mann's story，accompanied by her excellent photography，has given me a model for how to be an artist，wife，mother，daughter，friend，and thoughtful member of humanity，all at the same time．
   Swimming Studies by Leanne Shapton（2012）
   You might not think you want to read a story about an artist-illustrator's past life as a competitive swimmer and her continuing love for swimming，swimming pools and swimsuits．But you do，you really do．Shapton's acute sense memory and sharp essay，coupled with her own experience and photos，are a pleasure from start to finish．
   Learning By Heart by Corita Kent and Jan Steward （1992）
   Sister Corita Kent was a beloved and revolutionary art teacher in 1960s in Los Angeles and a gifted printmaker．She was also a firm believer in learning by doing，and this is an essential guide to her teaching philosophy．
  Kindred by Octavia Butler （1979）
  I've never been a fan of science fiction，but this novel rocked my world．You will be completely involved in the thunder-struck reality of a young writer who finds herself traveling between Los Angeles in 1976 and life among her ancestors on an prewar Maryland farm．

（1）Who was probably an excellent sports player in the past？
A．Sally Mann．
B．Octavia Butler．
C．Corita Kent and Jan Steward．
D．Leanne Shapton．
（2）Which book talks about teaching skills？
A．Hold Still．
B．Learning By Heart．
C．Swimming Studies．
D．Kindred．
（3）What kind of book is Kindred？
A．A love story．
B．A horror story．
C．A fantasy story．
D．A fairy tale．

共享时间:2020-07-06 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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201922. （2024•临潼区•二模）     For lots of kids，toddlerhood（幼儿期）is an important time for friendship.Studieow that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships，the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults.Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors，such as kindness，sharing，and cooperation.
    Even so，how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament.Some toddles are very social，but others are shy.In addition，the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying "I like you" during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
    This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate，they may still grab his toys，refuse to share，and get bossy.But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age.Through play experiences，toddlers learn social rules.That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines，explain the reasons behind them.
    Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （"Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？"），then suggest how he could resolve the problem（"Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball."）.When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心）toward a friend，praise him（"Ben stopped crying!You made him feel better."）.
    Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel.It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime.Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry，so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.

（1）What does the underlined word "temperament" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Appearances.
B.Ages.
C.Characters.
D.Interests.
（2）What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior？
A.They are fond of their playmates.
B.They are interested in acting.
C.They are shy with the strangers.
D.They are tired of playing games.
（3）What does the author suggest parents do for their kids？
A.Find them suitable playmates.
B.Design games for them.
C.Play together with them.
D.Help them understand social rules.
（4）What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4？
A.Explaining concepts.
B.Giving examples.
C.Providing evidence.
D.Making comparisons.

共享时间:2024-03-22 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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201760. （2024•西安中学•三模）     If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal（夜间活动）species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
    The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.
    In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze（霾）that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.
    We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
    Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.
    Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

（1）According to the passage，human beings         .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
（2）What does the underlined word "it" （Paragraph 1）most probably refer to？
A.The night.
B.The moon.
C.The sky.
D.The planet.
（3）The writer mentions birds and frogs to         .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？
A.The Magic Light
B.The Orange Haze
C.The Disappearing Night
D.The Rhythms of Nature

共享时间:2024-04-15 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2020-07-11

高中英语 | 高一下 | 阅读理解

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