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202265. （2022•西安三中•五模） From Mozart to pop music，tons of people enjoy listening to various types of music while they paint，write，or draw．Many believe that music helps improve creativity．But an international study is challenging that viewpoint．（1）
   To come to their conclusions，researchers had participants complete verbal （文字的） problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room．（2）        They found that background music significantly hurt the participants，ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity．The tasks were simple word games．（3）        Then，they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word．Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room，or while exposed to three different types of music：music with unfamiliar lines，instrumental music，or music with familiar lines．
   Dr．McLatchie and his colleagues conclude that music interferes with （干扰） the verbal working memory of the brain．（4）       Also，as far as the library background noises having seemingly no effect，the researchers believe that is the case because library noises create an environment of steady state that doesn't interrupt concentration．
   "（5）       Instead，they demonstrate that music，regardless of the presence of its content，consistently interrupts creative performance in insight problem solving，" the study reads．

A．And this in turn holds back creativity．
B．It has nothing to do with the positive reaction．
C．Then again，they were tested while music was played in the background．
D．Psychologists say that their findings indicate music actually blocks creativity．
E．For example，participants were given three words，such as dress，dial，and flower．
F．Before the experiment，the participants didn't study the music they would listen．
G．To conclude，the findings here challenge the popular view that music builds up creativity．

共享时间:2022-05-12 难度:1

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[考点]

自然科学研究成果，

[答案]

DCEAG

[解析]

（1）D．过渡推理题．根据前句But an international study is challenging that viewpoint表示"但是一项国际研究正在挑战这一观点"，以及后句To come to their conclusions，researchers had participants complete verbal （文字的） problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room表示"为了得出他们的结论，研究人员让参与者在安静的房间里完成旨在激发创造力的语言问题"，可知表示"心理学家说，他们的发现表明音乐实际上阻碍了创造力"的选项D符合前后句的过渡关系，所以答案是D．
（2）C．细节推理题．根据后句They found that background music significantly hurt the participants，ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity表示"他们发现背景音乐显著地伤害了参与者完成与语言创造力相关的任务的能力"，可知表示"然后，他们再次接受测试，同时在背景中播放音乐"的选项C符合前后句的逻辑关系，所以答案是C．
（3）E．细节推理题．根据后句Then，they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word表示"然后，他们被要求找出一个与这三个词相关联的词，这些词可以组合成一个共同的短语或单词"，可知表示" 例如，参与者被赋予三个词，如衣服、表盘和花"的选项E符合前后句的逻辑关系，所以答案是E．
（4）A．细节推理题．根据前句Dr．McLatchie and his colleagues conclude that music interferes with （干扰） the verbal working memory of the 表示"麦克拉奇博士和他的同事得出结论，音乐干扰大脑的语言工作记忆"，可知表示"这反过来又阻碍了创造力"的选项A符合前后句的逻辑关系，所以答案是A．
（5）G．总结推理题．根据后句Instead，they demonstrate that music，regardless of the presence of its content，consistently interrupts creative performance in insight problem solving表示"反之，他们证明了音乐，无论其以何种内容的存在，总是中断洞察力的创造性的表现"，可知表示" 总之，这里的研究结果挑战了流行的观点，即音乐可以培养创造力"的选项G符合前后句的逻辑关系，所以答案是G．

[点评]

本题考查了"自然科学研究成果，"，属于"常考题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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202046. （2022•西安中学•四模） As your teacher passes out the math test，your palms turn sweaty.You notice that your heart has begun to race.Glancing down at the page，you suddenly forget those operations on which you had drilled only a few days earlier.Do you perform all additions first in a complex calculation？（1）       Suddenly，you start to doubt a lot of things that you know.
    If that sounds familiar，you might suffer from math anxiety.Or maybe not.Even researchers who study this condition note that it can be surprisingly hard to define math anxiety. （2）        After all，it's not an officially recognized mental disorder in the way that depression is.
   （3）        It asks things like "how anxious would you feel about being given a set of division problems to solve on paper".Those who score high on these surveys about stress over making calculations related to numbers will be labeled math anxious.In general，people who panic over their math skills tend to do worse in math classes than people who don't mind numbers.（4）        "Just because you're math anxious，that doesn't always mean you're bad at math，" notes Rose Vukovic，an educational psychologist at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
    Math anxiety affects people of all ages.It can lead to poor performance in math classes. （5）       Throughout life，this type of stress can stand in the way of mastering skills or projects in a host of areas that rely on calculations.But the good news is that the problem is manageable.Researchers are finding ways people can cope with this stress.

A.But that's not always true.
B.It has an unimaginable impact.
C.And its impacts don't end at graduation.
D.Oh，you know it well you're pretty sure，right？
E.To diagnose math anxiety，researchers conduct a questionnaire.
F.It's also hard to identify precisely how many people suffer from it.
G.Math anxiety has also been linked to negative emotions from the past.

共享时间:2022-04-19 难度:1 相似度:2

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205945. （2016•西北大附中•高二下期末） Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human．We might use the word"negative"to describe more difficult emotions，but it doesn't mean those emotions are bad or we shouldn't have them．Still，most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one．（1）       ．
    What matters is how our emotions are balanced-how much of each type of emotion，positive or negative，we experience．
    Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with．For example，fear can alert us to possible danger．（2）       ．Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes，crossing a boundary，or violating our trust．Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf．
    Negative emotions focus our awareness．（3）       ．But too many negative emotions can make us feel anxious，exhausted，or stressed out．When negative emotions are out of balance，problems might seem too big to handle．
    Positive emotions balance out negative ones，but they have other powerful benefits，too．Instead of narrowing our focus like negative emotions do，positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness，attention，and memory．They help us take in more information and hold several ideas in mind at once．（4）       ．
    When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities，we are more able to learn and build on our skills．（5）       ．

A．What helps you feel confident？
B．That leads to doing better on tasks and tests．
C．It's a signal that we might need to protect ourselves．
D．They help us focus on a problem so we can deal with it．
E．For example，it's likely you'd prefer to feel happy instead of sad．
F．And they then make us understand how different ideas relate to each other．
G．Pay attention to these powerful tools and find ways to make time for them．

共享时间:2016-07-12 难度:1 相似度:2

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202208. （2022•长安区一中•五模） At one point or another，you've probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about.This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect.
   In a set of studies，researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain（领域）.Then，participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test.（1）       This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.
   In other words，if someone knows very little about a particular topic，they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited.Importantly，someone may be highly skilled in one area，but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain. （2）
   If people who know very little about a topic think they're experts，what do experts think of themselves？Interestingly，Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average，they didn't realize quite how well they had done.They often make a different mistake：（3）
   What can people do to overcome the effect？Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning.After the training，the participants were asked to assess how they'd done on the previous test.（4）       As a result，the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test.
   In short，The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do. （5）       However，by challenging ourselves to learn more，we can work to overcome the effect.

A.Researchers found that the training made a difference.
B.They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable，too.
C.This happens when people know much about a topic.
D.They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities.
E.All of them had an accurate view of their performance.
F.This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect.
G.In some domains，we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled.

共享时间:2022-05-06 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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202617. （2020•西安中学•一模） Building a Lasting Social Relationship
We all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with，and who share their lives with us in return．（1）
   According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we-talk"．
   Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5，000 participants．（2）
   The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership，which makes us more interdependent． " （3）       Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them，" Robbins told Science Daily．
   （4）       The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner - especially important in times of stress and disagreement．
   Contrary to "we-talk"，there is "I-talk"，which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns，such as "I"， "me" and "mine"，when writing or speaking．Earlier this year，researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 47，000 people in Germany and the US．（5）       As you can see from the two studies，too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed．But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others．
   So next time you are talking to a friend，try using more "we-talk"．You may find yourself feeling more positive - and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well．

A．Pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole．
B．If you are speaking in a person context，you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you．
C．Their research also found that "we-talk" is helpful for resolving conflicts．
D．Self-centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs．
E．This analysis of "we-talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships．
F．They found that too much "I-talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions．
G．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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204671. （2023•西安高级中学•高二下期末）     Biologists who study evolution（进化） have always been interested in animals that developed on islands.In some situations，animals on islands changed over time and came to look very different from the same species that lived on the mainland.
    The experts point to animals such as the dwarf elephant that once lived on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus.The animal is now extinct.When it lived ，however，it was only the size of a small horse.Elephants that live today in Africa and Asia are much larger than that.In the West Indies，researchers found a giant rodent（啮齿动物） that looked like a rat.However，it was about the same size as an American black bear.Rats are，of course，many times smaller than bears.
    Evolutionary experts came to call this phenomenon "island effect".They used this term to describe the fact that animals who normally have small bodies"upsize" on an island，while the opposite is true for animals who usually have large bodies.
    The"island effect"produces strange-sized animals because large animals require more food than small animals.On an island，there is a limited amount of food.As a result，larger animals become smaller over generations in order to survive with lower food intake.For small animals，there is not as much risk from predators （捕食性动物） on an island，so they often grow larger.
    Recently，researchers released their findings about 1，231 existing animals and 350 extinct ones that represent 23 million years of life.They found that animals on islands were more at risk of extinction compared to their relatives on the mainland.The arrival of human settlers increased the extinction risk for these strange animals.
    Roberto Rozzi，a paleoecologist at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg in Germany said that the extinction line has become even sharper in recent decades.
    The researchers call the islands "biodiversity hotspots".Even though they only make up 7% of the Earth's land mass，they account for 20% of the land species.

（1）Why are the animals introduced in paragraph 2？
A．To compare the two species.
B．To show two kinds of rare animals.
C．To lead in the"island effect".
D．To stress the change of surroundings.
（2）What does"the opposite" refer to in paragraph 3？
A．Animals of normal small bodies"upsize" on an island.
B．Animals of normal large size have small bodies on an island.
C．Animals of normal small bodies"downsize"on an island.
D．Animals of normal large size have larger bodies on an island.
（3）Which of the following does the"island effect"agree with？
A．Some things never change.
B．The gain outweighs the loss.
C．Humans live in harmony with nature.
D．The fittest animals survive in natural selection.
（4）What is the most suitable title for the text？
A．The History of Unique Island Animals
B．The Benefits of Saving Island Animals
C．Unique Island Animals at Greater Changes
D．Biological Diversity Threatened by Humans

共享时间:2023-07-04 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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205100. （2022•蓝田县•高二下期末） Have you ever had a wonderful idea and thought it would make a great invention，but didn't know what to do next？Here are some steps that you can take.（1）
   The first thing that you should do is to do some research on the Internet to see if anyone else has in- vented it.If not，you should search through the US Patent information to see if a patent was ever created for your type of invention.（2）       ，go to the next step.
   The easiest thing to do is working with a company that can help you to make your dreams a reality.（3）       .One company that is very reputable is "Lambert and Lambert in Minnesota".They offer free advice for good ideas.If they think your product is marketable，they will help you to get it to the right company.
   Call the company and make an appointment.You will want to bring in a model of your invention and a complete description of your ideas.（4）       .Then when you meet with them，you can present it and they will tell you how marketable it is.If they decide to help you，they will work to present it to different companies and help you to go to the next step.
（5）       ，get ready to get the benefits of becoming the next great inventor.It may take a year or two.But the benefits are worth the wait.

A.If there is no patent
B.If you want to be the next inventor
C.Write down exactly about your invention
D.You will find something new on the Internet
E.Once your invention has been sold to a large company
F.It can help you present your ideas and get your product to the right companies
G.They will help you make your dreams come true and become a famous inventor

共享时间:2022-07-22 难度:2 相似度:1.5

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205825. （2017•西安中学•高二下期末） Tips for healthy skinGood skin care and healthy lifestyle choices can help delay the natural aging process and prevent various skin problems．（1）
◆Don't smoke
Smoking makes your skin look older and contributes to wrinkles．Smoking narrows the tiny blood vessels in the outermost layers of skin，which decreases blood flow．（2）       Smoking also damages the fibers that give your skin strength and elasticity．Besides，the repetitive facial expressions you make when smoking can contribute to wrinkles．
◆Manage stress
Uncontrolled stress can make your skin more sensitive and cause other skin problems．To encourage healthy skin and a healthy state of mind，take steps to manage your stress．Set reasonable limits，cut down on your to-do list and make time to do the things you enjoy．（3）
◆Have a healthy diet
A healthy diet can help you look and feel your best．（4）       The association between diet and acne isn't clear，but some research suggests that a diet rich in vitamin C and low in unhealthy fats and processed or refined carbohydrates might promote younger-looking skin．
◆（5）
One of the most important ways to take care of your skin is to protect it from the sun．A lifetime of sun exposure can cause wrinkles，age spots and other skin problems as well as increase the risk of skin cancer．

A．Get started with these four tips．
B．Protect yourself from the sun
C．Try to stay indoors as often as possible．
D．Don't eat anything that contains fat or oil
E．The results might be more dramatic than you expect．
F．Eat plenty of fruits，vegetables，whole grains and lean proteins．
G．This depletes the skin of oxygen and nutrients that are important to skin health．

共享时间:2017-07-11 难度:3 相似度:1.33

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2022-05-12

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