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238969. （2023•全国•甲卷） ?Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere（敬畏） them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear.
?"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range，" says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more，they're interestingly being sighted by humans.
?The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
?Today，there are about 2 ，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed.
?Obviously，if precautions（预防） aren't taken，grizzlies can become troublesome ，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to have a clean，attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，" says James Jonkel，longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.

（1）How do Americans look at grizzlies？
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
（2）What has helped the increase of the grizzly population？
A．The European settlers' behavior.
B．The expansion of bears' range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
（3）What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies？
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers' advocates.
（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.

共享时间:2023-06-17 难度:3

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[考点]

科普知识，环境保护，说明文，

[答案]

ACAB

[解析]

（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche﹣we revere（敬畏） them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear.（灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人心中占据着一个矛盾的角落——我们敬畏它们，尽管它们会给我们带来可怕的梦。问那些从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一样的：灰熊。）可知，美国人认为灰熊是可怕的但又想看灰熊，因此他们对灰熊的态度是复杂的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段以及第四段In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.Today，there are about 2 ，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.s.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de﹣list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed.（1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。如今，美国大约有2，000只或更多的灰熊，它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service）曾两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于保护组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上。）可知，1975年颁布的关于灰熊的法律使得他们的数量上升。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段Today，there are about 2 ，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.s.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de﹣list grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.（如今，美国大约有2，000只或更多的灰熊，它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service）曾两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。）可知，是环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从名单上除名。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Obviously，if precautions（预防） aren't taken，grizzlies can become troublesome ，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to have a clean，attractant﹣free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，"（显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。"我们希望有一个干净、没有吸引力的地方，让熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯"）可知，从最后一段中可以推断人们可以采取一些措施减少灰熊带来的麻烦，和灰熊和谐相处。故选B。

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201845. （2024•西安一中•二模）     A carbon footprint is only one component of the broader ecological footprint.An ecological footprint compares the population's consumption of resources and land with the planet's ability to regenerate.The Earth's ecological footprint is currently 23 percent over capacity.It takes about one year and two months to regenerate what we consume in a year.
    Carbon footprints help people keep track of changes.Because footprints quantify an amount of carbon that increases or decreases based on energy use，they let people know that a new hybrid car or home insulation （隔离） helps.Transportation accounts for 33 percent of CO₂ emissions in the United States，so many people try to lower their mileage （里程）.Some walk or bike whenever possible；others take public transport.Home energyuse accounts for 21 percent of U.S.CO₂ emissions，so it helps to have an efficient home.Setting the thermostat （恒温器） at a moderate temperature and installing double-paned windows lowers energy costs.
    Of course，individual efforts can go only so far.Cutting CO₂ and other greenhouse gases down to safer levels requires significant government regulation.Lessening carbon footprints does let people see where they are and how they can change.Those who want to accept personal responsibility for their emissions can track their own reductions and change their habits.
    Because carbon calculators ask for only rough estimates，it's easy for investigators to approximate the footprints of celebrities and politicians.Analysts hope to uncover high-profile figures，especially those who promote environmentalism.Although performer Madonna and other celebrities have been accused of flying frequently，former vice president Al Gore has drawn the harshest accusations.The Gores' spokesperson did not deny that but emphasized that the couple subscribes to green power.

（1）How long can the Earth produce what we need in a year？        ?
A.2 months.
B.12 months.
C.14 months.
D.23 months.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？        ?
A.Why people are worried about CO₂ emissions.
B.How individuals can help to lower CO₂ emissions.
C.Where most CO₂ emissions come from in the United States.
D.What measures have been taken to cut down CO₂ emissions.
（3）What is still needed to cut greenhouse gases down to safer levels？        ?
A.The participation of the public.
B.The development of new equipment.
C.The changes of our living habits.
D.The powerful efforts of the government.
（4）Why do investigators estimate the footprints of famous people easily？        ?
A.Because they have mastered methods.
B.Because it doesn't call for much accuracy.
C.Because famous people are easy to approach.
D.Because new technology has advanced greatly.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201569. （2025•西工大附中•十一模）     The ability to connect an event with its consequences-experts use the term associative learning-is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment.Recent findingow that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area.This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders，which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life.
    Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups：babies（0-3），primary school children （6-12），teenagers（13-19），and adults.Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks.Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability.
    The research team was amazed by the results：""We'd initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age，"says Dr.Carolin Konrad.However，there was a clear peak in performance at primary school："Children at this age achieved the best results，learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior." Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies，they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children.
    It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups.Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions，whereas adultowed minimal progress.This finding highlights the"sensitive period"phenomenon-the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.
    The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary."This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns，"concludes Konrad. "Early identification of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks."

（1）Which is an example of associative learning？
A.A baby grasps an object placed in its hand.
B.A student works harder after getting good grades.
C.A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket.
D.A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints.
（2）What were the participants required to do in the experiments？
A.Identify the relationship between different groups.
B.Watch and record their own performance over time.
C.Assess their learning progress during the sessions.
D.Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks.
（3）What surprised the researchers about associative learning？
A.Adults possessed greater adaptability.
B.Primary schoolers outperformed others.
C.Teenagers peaked in learning performance.
D.Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge.
（4）Why is the"sensitive period"phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4？
A.To show learning ability differences across all ages.
B.To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way.
C.To stress the significance of learning during childhood.
D.To demonstrate the brain's ability to adapt in adulthood.

共享时间:2025-06-18 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201789. （2024•西安中学•五模）     Research has found that using wood for construction instead of concrete and steel can reduce emissions.But Tim Searchinger at Princeton University says many of these studies are based on the false foundation that harvesting wood is carbon neutral （碳中和）. "Only a small percentage of the wood gets into a timber （木料） product，and a part of that gets into a timber product that can replace concrete and steel in a building，" he says.Efficiencies vary in different countries，but large amounts of a harvested tree are left to be divided into parts，used in short-lived products like paper or burned for energy，all of which generate emissions.
    In a report for the World Resources Institute，Searchinger and his colleagues have modelled how using more wood for construction would affect emissions between 2010 and 2050，accounting for the emissions from harvesting the wood.They considered various types of forests and parts of wood going towards construction.They also factored in the emissions savings from replacing concrete and steel.
    Under some circumstances，the researchers found significant emissions reductions.But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction，as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places，like Brazil.In general，they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades.Accounting for emissions in this way，the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
    Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report's conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct，but the story is different for wood we already harvest. "Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions，" he says. "We cannot just say we should stop using wood."

（1）What is wrong with previous researches according to Searchinger？
A．They got wrong statistics.
B．They used an incorrect concept.
C．They included too many factors.
D．They were applied in limited countries.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about？
A．The process of the new research.
B．The background of the new study.
C．The challenge of the new research.
D．The achievements of the new study.
（3）When will the emissions drop off greatly according to the new study？
A．When wood grows slowly.
B．When wood is used to make paper.
C．When wood is used to build a house.
D．When wood is harvested in countries like Brazil.
（4）What is Ali Amiri's attitude toward the new result？
A．Favorable.
B．Doubtful.
C．Critical.
D．Objective.

共享时间:2024-05-08 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201760. （2024•西安中学•三模）     If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal（夜间活动）species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
    The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.
    In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze（霾）that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.
    We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
    Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.
    Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

（1）According to the passage，human beings         .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
（2）What does the underlined word "it" （Paragraph 1）most probably refer to？
A.The night.
B.The moon.
C.The sky.
D.The planet.
（3）The writer mentions birds and frogs to         .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？
A.The Magic Light
B.The Orange Haze
C.The Disappearing Night
D.The Rhythms of Nature

共享时间:2024-04-15 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201865. （2024•西安一中•三模）     Fossils （化石），the preserved remains of ancient life，serve as windows into the Earth's rich history.The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time，catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
    The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment.Whether it's a plant，animal or microscopic organisms，the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried.This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
    As the remains are buried，they experience layers of sediment （沉积层）.Over time，more layers gather，pressing the lower sediments.This process，known as sedimentation，plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
    Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process.It involves the infiltration （过滤） of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains.Groundwater，rich in minerals moves through these layers.The minerals replace the original organic material，transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
    Sometimes，fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification.Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals，often resulting in a good copy of the original organism.This transformation can preserve complex details，such as the skeletal features of animals.For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers，the fossilization process involves pressure.Under the weight of sediments，these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
    The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains.Archaeologists then unearth these treasures，revealing the secrets of Earth's ancient inhabitants.This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution，biodiversity，and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.

（1）What is the role of fossils in the modern times？        ?
A．To help protect our environment.
B．To help explore the function of the Earth.
C．To enhance knowing the long history of the universe.
D．To provide an insight into the diverse life forms.
（2）Which of the following is the first step of fossilization？        ?
A．The quick pressure caused by rocks.
B．The quick transformation of the remains.
C．The rapid burial of the remains.
D．The mix of groundwater and minerals.
（3）How can a good copy of organisms form？        ?
A．By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material.
B．By groundwater moving through them.
C．By accumulating more pressure on them.
D．By creating a protective environment.
（4）What's the text mainly about？        ?
A．The importance of fossils.
B．The process of fossilization.
C．The evolution of ancient animals.
D．The preservation of the remains.

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201636. （2025•铁一中学•六模） The burning of coal may be falling out of favor as a means of generating heat and electricity，but that doesn't mean it no longer has valuable uses.The team of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology （KAUST） is using coal for a new economy.
   The project is led by Associate Professor Andrea Fratalocchi.While reading about challenges of ending the use of coal in power generation，Fratalocchi was struck by a novel possible use for coal. " Why don't we use coal for seawater desalination（脱盐）？" Fratalocchi recalls，still excited.Capable of taking in sunlight，the black mineral adds to the list of substances in dark colors serving the purpose，which the team is on a long-standing hunt for.
   Fralalocchi and his team began to explore the use of a material known as carbonized compressed powder（压缩粉末），also CCP，which is created by breaking coal into powder，and then pressing that powder back into a solid that has more tiny holes—it can also be made into a desired shape.The team mixed CCP with natural cotton fibers，producing a block which was then placed within a seawater-containing container，with its bottom touching water surface.While sunlight heated the black surface of the block，the inside fibers helped water flow in and through the block from the bottom.When that liquid water reached the hot surface，it turned into steam which rose and condensed（冷凝）on the inside of a specially shaped cover.That condensation then flew down the cover and was collected as fresh，drinkable water.The seawater's salt content remained behind within the CCP.A simple wash was enough to remove most of it，so the material could be reused multiple times.
   KAUST has partnered with the Dutch start-up PERA Complexity to promote the technology.The material will see its first use in a pilot plant in Brazil. "CCP is abundant in nature and reasonable to use，besides being lightweight and highly changeable，" says team member Marcella Bonifazi." The device's desalination rate per unit of raw material is two to three times higher than that of any other solar desalination system，but it produces fresh water at around one-third the expense of current state-of-the-art technologies.

（1）What has Fratalocchi's team been seeking for？
A．Fibers functioning well with CCP.
B．Green ways to desalinate seawater.
C．New industrial applications of coal.
D．Dark-colored materials for desalination.
（2）How did the seawater get into the CCP block？
A．Through the tiny holes.
B．Through CCP.
C．Through cotton fibers.
D．Through a special cover.
（3）Which feature of CCP does Marcella Bonifazi stress？
A．Being eco-friendly.
B．Being low-cost.
C．Being efficient.
D．Being flexible.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？
A．Drinkable water will be got from the sea.
B．CCP is expected to be in real-life use soon.
C．Coal finds new use in desalination technology.
D．Scientists have made a breakthrough in desalination.

共享时间:2025-05-20 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201825. （2024•西安中学•九模）     From the world's last seven to a global population of more than 5，000，China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises（朱鹗）from the edge of extinction.
    With its typical red crest and face，as well as a long black mouth and snow-white feathers，the crested ibis is known as "the oriental gem" in China.They were once widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting，ecological damage and increased human activities drove the birds to near extinction.
    In 1981，the entire species around the world was down to the seven crested ibises which were found only in Yangxian County，northwest China's Shaanxi Province，and deep in the Qinling Mountains，making Qinling，a natural boundary between China's north and south，the last shelter of the wild birds.
    Since 1981，the local government of Yangxian County has put forward four bans for the protection of the species，prohibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas，cutting down trees where they nest，using chemicals in their food-finding areas，and firing guns in their breeding（繁殖）areas.The Chinese government arranged special funds to protect the habitat of crested ibises，sealing off mountains to plant trees in the birds' living areas.China started the artificial breeding of crested ibises in 1991 and had bred more than 400 birds in Shaanxi as of last year.
    Years of constant effort have brought promising results.It is estimated that there are more than 5，000 crested ibises in the world now，and a majority of them live in Shaanxi.The bird's habitat in China has risen from less than 5 square km in 1981 to the current 15，000 square km.
    "It is lucky that the crested ibis，an ancient bird，is still flying around，" said Zan Linsen，head of the Shaanxi Academy of Forestry. "The conservation story of crested ibises not only shows us the power of ancient life，but also the necessity and urgency of ecological environment protection."

（1）Why are the Qinling Mountains so important to crested ibises？
A．They are where crested ibises were first found.
B．They used to be the last habitat of crested ibises.
C．They are the only breeding area of crested ibises.
D．They protect crested ibises from natural enemies.
（2）What can we conclude from paragraph 4？
A．Crested ibises are unlikely to be bred artificially.
B．It's legal to own hunting guns in Yangxian County.
C．Hunting has been the biggest threat to crested ibises.
D．The government plays a key role in saving crested ibises.
（3）How does Zan Linsen feel about the conservation of crested ibises？
A．Merciful and ambitious.
B．Relieved and happy.
C．Shocked and curious.
D．Sorry and regretful.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？
A．Rare animals in China：crested ibises
B．Artificial breeding of crested ibises in China
C．Endangered crested ibises making a comeback
D．Crested ibises found again in the Qinling Mountains

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201826. （2024•西安中学•九模） In February of 1942，Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido thought he heard thunder coming from his cornfield.However，the sound wasn't coming from the sky.The source was a large smoking break sending out gas and pushing out rocks.This opening would come to be known as the volcano Paricutin，and over the next 9 years，its lava and ash would cover over 200 square km.But where did this new volcano come from，and what caused its unpredictable eruption？
   One of the most common causes of an eruption is an increase in magmastatic（静磁）pressure.Magma（岩浆）contains various elements and compounds.At high enough concentrations，compounds like water or sulfur（硫）form high-pressure gas bubbles.When these balls of gas reach the surface，they can burst with the force of a gunshot.And when millions of bubbles explode，the energy can send ash into the air.But before they pop or burst，they act like bubbles of CO₂ in a shaken soda.
   Not all eruptions are due to rising magmastatic pressure- sometimes the weight of the rock above can become dangerously low.Landslides can remove massive quantities of rock from atop a magma chamber or room，dropping the pressure and instantly touching off an eruption.This process is known as "unloading" and it's been responsible for numerous eruptions，including the sudden explosion of Mount St.Helens in 1980.But unloading can also happen over longer periods of time due heating ice or melting glaciers.In fact，many geologists are worried that glacial melt caused by climate change could increase volcanic activity.
   Unfortunately，knowing what causes eruptions doesn't make them easy to predict.While scientists can roughly determine the strength and weight of the Earth's crust（地壳），the depth and heat of magma chambers makes measuring changes in magmastatic pressure very difficult.But volcanologists are constantly exploring new technology to overcome this rocky field.Advances in thermal imaging（热成像）have allowed scientists to detect underground hotspots.Spectrometers can analyze gases escaping magma.Hopefully，these tools will help us better understand these gas breaks and their explosive eruptions.

（1）Why does the author mention the story of a farmer in the first paragraph？
A．To show the power of volcano eruption.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To introduce the volcano Paricutin.
D．To explain the reason.
（2）What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．The bubbles of CO₂ .
B．The ash of the volcano.
C．Gas bubbles of compounds.
D．The elements of a soda.
（3）Which of the following is true about the eruption of Mount St.Helens？
A．Landslideould be responsible for its eruption.
B．It began to explode over a long period of time.
C．The process of "unloading" occurred after its explosion.
D．The weight of the rock above it increased as to cause its eruption.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Scientists can determine the eruption of volcano in advance.
B．It is quite difficult to measure the weight of the Earth's crust.
C．Spectrometers can help scientists to detect underground hotspots.
D．Scientists are positive about further study of volcano eruption.

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:1 相似度:1.33

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201968. （2023•长安区•一模） Electronic sensors built into paper could be used in a range of ways from information storage to touch screens and more.
   Electronic sensors built into cartons（纸盒）may make it easier to tell when it's time to throw out rotten milk or orange juice.And that's just the start.At least that's the goal for researchers working on putting electronics into paper.They're trying to figure out how to combine the flexibility，low-cost and recyclability of paper with the information-carrying ability of electronics.
   Daniel Torbjork，a physics graduate student in Finland，has been working on the problem.He's published a review of the field in the journal Advanced Materials.
   Much research has been focused in this area.While most electronic applications require patterned conducting structures，conductive paper could be used in applications such as energy storage devices，sensors，electric heaters and others，according to Torbjork.
   "You could even have some interactive functions in magazines，" Torbjork said，"You could put a simple game in a package.If you want a touch screen，press a button and then something happen.Sensors in paper could tell us when something has gone bad."
   Additional applications，such as information storage and security paper，have been suggested for magnetic papers containing magnetite.In Massachusetts，researchers have figured out how to post a video of such a device put into a paper airplane.
   German researchers have also put electronic chips in paper bank notes to defend counter-feiters（造伪币者）.Paper is a good material but printing electronics also requires low-cost manufacturing.As many US and European paper makers lose market share to cheaper paper from China，these big paper companies are looking for added value products.That's where electronic paper devices could make a difference.
   "The major obstacles are paper's large surface roughness and chemical impurities." Torbjork says.But others in the field think that electronic sensors in paper are still far from the consumer marketplace.
   "I don't think it's going to happen." said Roy Horgan. "You need a conductive surface.It could be 10 years out.What we are looking for are solutions that you can commercialize today."
   Solar Print is partnering with Italian automaker Fiat to develop a unique auto-glass with tiny photostatic cells（光电）that can capture electricity from the sun.In the meantime，using paper to conduct electricity is still a "blue-sky" project.
   "I would love to see someone prove me wrong，because that means that it's actually happening." Horgan said. "If someone comes up with conductive paper，then that's a very interesting technology."

（1）Putting electronics into paper will        .
A．cut the cost and impurity of paper
B．depend on flexible conductive structure
C．help consume rotten milk or orange juice
D．combine the advantages of paper and electronics
（2）Paragraphs 4 to 7 mainly talk about the         of the conductive paper.
A．theories
B．structures
C．practical use
D．design process
（3）Some paper makers welcome the new technology probably because it will         .
A．add more value to paper
B．make the paper smoother
C．put an end to fake money
D．improve the printing technology
（4）From the passage，we know that Roy Horgan        .
A．has a burning desire to make a great profit
B．started a "blue-sky" project to study paper
C．is not confident about the conductive paper
D．showed much interest in Solar Print industry

共享时间:2023-03-05 难度:1 相似度:1.33

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201693. （2024•西工大附中•模拟） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor．
    The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds．No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles．In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent．
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick Mclntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study．Woodcutters targeted big trees．Housing development pushed into the woods．Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）．
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development．
    The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）．
   Since the 1930s，Mclntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season．

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California．
B．The increasing variety of California big trees．
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests．
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California．
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests．
B．Banning woodcutting．
C．Limiting housing development．
D．Fire control measures．
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt．
B．A longer dry season．
C．A warmer climate．
D．Dampness of the air．
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon．
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick Mclntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2024-03-05 难度:1 相似度:1.33

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201884. （2024•周至县•一模）      Since 2001，robotic tools have revolutionized the practice of surgery.They have greatly reduced the stress and physical demands normally placed on surgeons and have made certain procedures possible.
    One example is "keyhole surgery"，or minimally invasive （微创） surgery，which normally requires surgeons to stand at awkward angles and make difficult movements with their hands to make a cut inside the patient.But in June 2022，surgeon James Ansell used 3 D glasses and two sticks to control four robotic arms to perform a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor. "My colleague said...that this feels like cheating，" Ansell said to The Guardian.
    Another area of surgery that has had major technological breakthroughs in recent years is telesurgery.Normally，telesurgery relies on a wired connection due to concerns of harming the patient should a wireless connection drop during surgery，but China made several advancements in wireless telesurgery based on 5 G technology.
    China achieved the first 5 G-based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing，a distance totaling nearly 3，000 kilometers.More recently，a team of surgeons successfully completed remote micron-level eye surgery on rabbits located in a different city.The rabbits were at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhbù，Guangdon g province，whereas the surgical team who operated on them via a 5 G robot were at the Hainan Eye Hospital in Haikou，Hainan province.
    Looking to the future，people hope that remote surgery could become commonplace to help heal injured soldiers on the battlefield while keeping surgeons at a safe distance.Some even believe that robotic systems，combined with AI，could one day exceed human surgeons.
    But，given current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots which can cost millions of dollars，the complete robot takeover of surgery may still be a while off.

（1）What does the "keyhole surgery" example intend to show？
A．Great complexity of robotic surgery.
B．Physical challenges surgeons face.
C．Surgical progress enabled by robotic tools.
D．Urgent need for advanced 3 D technology.
（2）What significant achievement did China make in the field of telesurgery？
A．Achieving remote surgery using a wired connection.
B．Completing successfully remote eye surgery on humans.
C．Conducting a 5 G-based remote operation on rabbits overseas.
D．Performing the first wireless brain surgery with 5 G technology.
（3）What can be inferred from the text about robots in the medical field？
A．They are quite affordable.
B．They are currently in high demand.
C．They have not been widely used.
D．They have gone beyond human capabilities.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？
A．Robotic Surgery Uses 5 G Technology
B．Keyhole Surgery Benefits Human Beings
C．Autonomous Robot Achieves Great Progress
D．Medical Robotics Revolutionizes Surgery Method

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201846. （2024•西安一中•二模）     Once known as "the sea of death"，the Taklimakan Desert has become a driving force for green development in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.In recent years，photovoltaic （光电池的） stations have been constructed and large gardens of vegetation such as roses have appeared on the outskirts of this vast desert.This transformation has positioned （使处于） the desert as a flourishing center of sustainable development.
    Under the sun's rays，rows of PV panels （面板） that generate electricity look like a blue ocean.Tian Juxiong，head of a power station in Lop County，regularly inspects these power generation systems and monitors their daily operations on the control center's screen.This station produces 360 million kWh of electricity annually and can meet the residential electricity needs of the 25.9 million residents of Xinjiang for around 10 days.Every year，it saves approximately 110，000 tonnes of standard coal and reduces 330，000 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
    The project is also equipped with an energy storage system with a capacity of 80，000 kWh.In rainy conditions when the station cannot generate electricity，the storage facility acts as a power bank，providing energy for about two hours.Most PV and wind power stations in southern Xinjiang are equipped with storage systems to ensure a stable supply of renewable energy.
    "By May，the total installed capacity for renewable energy in Xinjiang had passed 8，400 megawatts （兆瓦） and an additional 8，259 megawatts of new energy facilities are currently under construction，" according to Ding Biwei，who is responsible for grid connect ion of new energy at State Grid's Xinjiang branch.

（1）What does the underlined word "generate" in Paragraph 2 mean？        ?
A.Produce.
B.Waste.
C.Use.
D.Store.
（2）Where do people get energy in rainy conditions？        ?
A.From wind.
B.From other places.
C.From a bank.
D.From storage facility.
（3）What can we learn from Ding Biwei's words？        ?
A.Xinjiang is rich in natural resources.
B.Xinjiang has lots of renewable energy.
C.Xinjiang will be built more beautiful.
D.Xinjiang lacks new energy facilities.
（4）Where is the text most likely from？        ?
A.A travel guide.
B.A science fiction.
C.A newspaper.
D.A textbook.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201864. （2024•西安一中•三模）     The 2023 EF English Proficiency （水平） Index （EPI） that measures English language ability worldwide shows a worrying problem about English language proficiency.The index is based on test results from 2.2 million people in 113 countries.
    Results were reported for the first time in 2015.Since then，the English proficiency of young people has decreased by 89 points.The EPI defines young people as being 18 to 20 years of age，and it notes that they are mostly stable with big decreases in a few large countries.India，Indonesia and Mexico showed the largest ability decreases among youth.
    The report noted that the decrease appears to have taken place when the COVID-19 pandemic impacts normal education.There has been a decrease in Mexico for nearly 10 years.However，working adults，about 26 years old and older，have been improving their English since 2015.It is still widely acknowledged that the value of a shared language is most recognized in the workplace.English creates possibilities for individuals and productivity for organizations.
    Results also show a difference between men and women，which is called a gender gap.Men's English ability has improved by 14 points since 2015，while women's has decreased by 19 points.The lack of women in international jobs is one reason for the gender gap.But the gender gap among those aged 18 to 25 might demonstrate a problem caused by educational systems themselves or a social problem schools are failing to address.
    There are different opinions about why the decrease exists.Many people think artificial intelligence （or AI） tools could also be a key reason.Jeannie Tse is a country manager at EF Hong Kong and Macau.He thinks that while AI has changed the way young people work and learn，the importance of schools，teachers and face-to-face instruction remains. "I don't believe that AI can completely replace language learning，but educators can use AI to enhance language learning methods，" said Jeannie Tse.

（1）Why are working adults trying to improve their English？        ?
A．To increase their income and knowledge.
B．To be involved in better working environment.
C．To obtain more chances and better working efficiency.
D．To create a harmonious working environment for themselves.
（2）What can we learn from paragraph 4？        ?
A．Most women don't like international jobs.
B．Educational systems contribute to the gender gap in English proficiency.
C．Women's English proficiency decreases with age.
D．There widely exists the phenomenon of discrimination against women.
（3）What's Jeannie Tse's attitude to the role of AI and face-to-face teaching？        ?
A．Objective.
B．Positive.
C．Uncertain.
D．Uncaring.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？        ?
A．Young People's Attitudes towards English Vary
B．English Learning Has Become a Burden Worldwide
C．Results from a Report Show some Alarming Problems
D．Young People's English Language Ability Is Decreasing

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201883. （2024•周至县•一模）     The fishermen of Senegal have joined forces to protect one of the ocean's most endangered species—the sea turtle，a classic case of "poacher turned gamekeeper".
    The coastal waters of Senegal in West Africa are home to several species of sea turtles which are all beautiful creatures but are affected by pollution，poaching and even fishing nets.
    "Once we were the biggest eaters of turtles，now we have become their biggest protectors，" said Abdou Karim Sall，a fisherman who led the Management Committee for the Marine Protected Are （MPA）of Joal-Fadiouth.
    The Joal-Fadiouth MPA，covering about 174 square kilometers，was founded in 2004，and it's upheld by the government，local authorities and several associations.It is an area aimed at protecting mar in e ecosystem，habitats and species，including endangered species like the sea turtle.Its benefits are obvious：maintaining biodiversity，increasing fish catches on fishing grounds，as well as economic development.
    For a long time，Sall has been working to raise local awareness of sea turtle protection. "Even former turtle sellers have been 'changed' by receiving three small boats to take tourists to sea，" he said.Instead of strict restrictions，the Joal-Fadiouth MPA has been trying to educate local communities about the economic benefits so that they would join the project. "It's after they are told： 'It's an endangered species'，" Sall said.
    Local residents have also set out to protect the nests.During summer and fall，a few dozen turtles may stop to lay eggs on the beaches of Joal-Fadiouth.MPA agents and village volunteers pro test their nests with fences. "People come at 6 a.m.so that other animals do not take the young." said Sall.
    Sall added the number of turtles had decreased by about 30% in the past 20 years，and chances of survival of a young turtle were no higher than one in a thousand.But the fisherman-conservator agreed， "Awareness has not worked 100%."

（1）What does the underlined word "upheld" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Hurt.
B.Ignored.
C.Supported.
D.Paused.
（2）Which of the following is the measure taken by the Joal-Fadiouth MPA to protect sea turtles？
A.Building more nests for turtles to lay eggs.
B.Placing strict restrictions to educate the communities.
C.Providing different means of transportation for turtle sellers.
D.Publicizing the economic benefits of the project.
（3）What will most probably be talked about in the following paragraph？
A.The mistakes the MPA has made.
B.The danger sea turtles still face from fishermen.
C.The argument about the Marine Protected Area.
D.The benefits brought by the Marine Protected Area.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A.Fishermen of Senegal have joined together to protect sea turtles.
B.Sea turtles in Senegal are endangered because of human activities.
C.The situation of sea turtles in Senegal has been improves significantly.
D.The Marine Protected Area has played an important role in protecting fishes.

共享时间:2024-03-07 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201549. （2025•西安中学•一模）     Elon Musk has offered a prize of ＄100 m for the best carbon capture proposal.I can save his committee a lot of time.The money should go to Peter Wohlleben，whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster of 2015.Wohlleben's idea is this：do nothing about trees.Stop fiddling with them，thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature.If we fiddle，our Romes will burn.
    The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social.It shows that they can be our saviors.But it's terribly hard to let ourselves be saved.We think we can be the authors of our salvation（拯救）.Of course，there are things we could and should be doing，but in terms of forestry practice，often what's billed as part of the solution is part of the problem.
    Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect—it makes your garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter.Forests cool by transpiring（蒸发）.If there's no water，there's no cooling.Drought can kill trees fast，but trees have many ways of dealing with it，and Wohlleben sets them out.As a species，we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behavior—and that's how trees survive，too.Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons.They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip（点滴）-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
    Deciduous（落叶的） forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live.Cut them down and burn them and you're releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood，but also from the forest floor.Deciduous trees are not"harvest-ready"at200 years：they are teenagers.We must interrogate comforting expressions such as"renewable energy"，and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
    If we don't learn to do nothing about trees，they will eventually be alone anyway—but without us.Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.

（1）What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture？
A.Fight climate change.
B.Leave trees alone.
C.Save the earth.
D.Change forestry species.
（2）How do trees survive the drought？
A.They slow their growth.
B.They lose all their leaves.
C.They stop absorbing water.
D.They get help from humans.
（3）What can we infer from the text？
A.We can cope with climate change successfully.
B.Trees can adjust their growth by themselves.
C.It is hard to stop releasing carbon dioxide.
D.It is urgent to regulate the growth of trees.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？
A.To illustrate the carbon capture system.
B.To give an account of the survival of trees.
C.To clarify a proposal for a reward.
D.To recommend a book.

共享时间:2025-03-03 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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2023-06-17

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