220438.（2015•长安区一中•高三上一月）Meeting people from another culture can be difficult．From the beginning，people may send the wrong signal．Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship． Different cultures emphasize （强调） the importance of relationship building to a greater or less degree．For example，business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust．Even with people at work，it is necessary to spend a lot of time in"small talk"，usually over a glass of tea，before they do any job．In many European countries--like the UK or France--people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office． Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures．I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion；instead there was an uncomfortable silence．The people present just stared at me and smiled．After getting to know their ways better，I realized that they thought I was talking too much．In my own culture，we express meaning mainly through words，but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary． Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems．Certainly，English and German cultureare similar values；however，Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly．We think that they are rude．In fact，this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly． People from different parts of the world have different values，and sometimes these values are quite against each other．However，if we can understand them better，a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other．
（1）In some countries，eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to． A．get to know each other B．share the same culture C．keep each other company D．develop closer relations （2）The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that． A．the English prefer to make long speeches B．even talk and silence can be culturally different C．too many words are of no use D．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature （3）According to the text，how can people from different cultures understand each other better？ A．By recognizing different values． B．By sharing different ways of life． C．By accepting different habits． D．By speaking each other's languages． （4）What would be the best title for the text？ A．How to Understand Each Other． B．Multicultural Environment． C．How to Build Up a Relationship D．Cross-Cultural Differences．
（1）D．推理判断题．根据第二段"people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office．"可知在一些地方吃饭和喝咖啡比在办公室更容易建立工作关系；故选D． （2）B．主旨大意题．根据第三段"Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures．"可知谈话和沉默也有文化上的差异．作者在后面举在泰国演讲的例子也是为了说明这一点；故选B． （3）A．推理判断题．根据最后一句"However，if we can understand them better，a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other．"可知虽然文化之间差异很大，但是加强了解和认识才能互相理解；故选A． （4）D．主旨大意题．本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，并说明了要加强互相了解和认识．所以"Cross﹣Cultural Differences"作为题目比较恰当；故选D．
220549.（2016•七十中•高二下二月）
No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world，but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million．The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada． In the United Kingdom，about one in ten people have some disability．Disability is not just something that happens to other people：as we get older，many of us will become less mobile，hard of hearing or have failing eyesight． Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life．Some people are born with disabilities．Many others become disabled as they get older．There are many progressive disabling diseases．The longer time goes on，the worse they become．Some people are disabled in accidents．Many others may have a period of disability in the form of a mental illness．All are affected by people's attitude towards them． Disabled people face many physical barriers．Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends，imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps，or on to buses and trains．How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic？But there are other barriers：prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all．It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the severely disabled go through，so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability，not their disability，which counts． （1）The first paragraph points out that ． A．India has much more disabled people than Canada B．the number of disabled people in India is the greatest C．there are many disabled people in the world D．it is impossible to get an exact figure of the world's disabled people （2）The key word in Paragraph 4 is ． A．disability B．barriers C．prejudice D．ignorance （3）Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage？ A．Even the able-bodied many lose some of their body functions when they get older B．There are about 10 percent disabled persons in the UK C．The whole society should pay due attention to the barriers faced by the disabled people D．There still exists prejudice against the disabled which results mainly from ignorance （4）It can be concluded from the passage that ． A．we must take a proper attitude towards the disabled B．both physical and mental barriers are hard to break down C．we should try our best to prevent disablement D．the able-bodied people will never fully understand the disabled．
214893.（2017•交大附中•高二上期中）
Next time a customer comes to your office，offer him a cup of coffee．And when you're doing your holiday shopping online，make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea．The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth，while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions - those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A．Bargh． Psychologists have known that one person's perception（感知） of another's "warmth" is a powerful determiner in social relationships．Judging someone to be either "warm" or "cold" is a primary consideration，even trumping evidence that a "cold" person may be more capable．Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences，Bargh argues，when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them iaped by physical sensations，particularly warmth and coldness．Classic studies by Harry Harlow，published in 1958，showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth "mother" rather than one made of wire，even when the wire "mother" carried a food bottle．Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills． Feelings of "warmth" and "coldness" in social judgments appear to be universal．Although no worldwide study has been done，Bargh says that describing people as "warm" or "cold" is common to many cultures，and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries． To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth，Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students．A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses（假设），handed the students either a hot cup of coffee，or a cold drink，to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form；The drink was then handed back．After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of "Person A" based on a particular description．Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink． "We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，" says Bargh．
（1）According to Paragraph 1，a person's emotion may be affected by． A．the visitors to his office B．the psychology lessons he has C．his physical feeling of coldness D．the things he has bought online （2）The author mentions Harlow's experiment to show that． A．adultould develop social skills B．babies need warm physical contact C．caregiverould be healthy adults D．monkeys have social relationships （3）We can infer from the passage that． A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide C．physical temperature affects how we see others D．capable persons are often cold to others （4）What would be the best title for the passage？ A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships． B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation． C．Developing Better Drinking Habits． D．Physical Sensations and Emotions．
215221.（2016•西安一中•高二下期中）
Five years ago，David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day．"I was a clothes addict （迷），"he jokes．"I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled （皱的）．"Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and a sportirt-to the office．He hardly ever wears a necktie．"I'm working harder than ever，"David says，"and I need to feel comfortable．" More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work．In the United States，the changes from formal to casual office wear have been slow．In the early 1990s，many companies allowed their workers to wear casual clothes on Friday （but only on Friday）．This became known as"dress-down Friday"or"casual Friday"．"What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for workers has really become an everyday thing，"said business adviser Maisly Jones． Why have so many companies started allowing their workers to wear casual clothes？One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new workers if it has a casual dress code．"A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work，"says the owner of a software company，"so it's hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code．（保守的着装要求）"Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes．In a study made by Levi Strauss and Company，85 percent of employers said that casual dress has a side effect on work．Supporters of casual office wear also say that a casual dress code helps them save money．"Suits are expensive，if you have to wear one every day，"one person said．"For the same amount of money，you can buy a lot more casual clothes．"
（1）David Smith refers to himself as having been"a clothes addict"because ． A．he often wore khaki pants and a sportirt B．he couldn't stand a clean appearance C．he wanted his clothes to look tidy and clean all the time D．he didn't want to spend much money on clothes （2）David Smith wears casual clothes now，because ． A．they make him feel at ease when working B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C．he looks handsome in casual clothes D．he no longer works for any company （3）According to this passage，which of the following is FALSE？ A．Many workers don't like a conservative dress code． B．Comfortable clothes make workers more productive． C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young workers． D．All the employers in the U．S．are for casual office wear．
215203.（2015•西安一中•高三上期中）
To prevent the deserts coming near，China has planted billions of trees---to replace destroyed forests and as barriers against the sand．This isn't a cure，though，say experts，as thirsty trees can make the problem worse by taking in groundwater． "Planting tress is one way，but it isn't that simple．It doesn't solve the basic issue of water resources，" says Wu Bo，a professor． "We need to calculate how much water the trees will absorb，or else it could have a negative effect．" Villagers in Zhengxin have taken on this challenge，with limited success．When the irrigation channels began to run dry，Lu Xianglin switched from wheat to cotton on his land．He also planted trees to protect his fields from sandstorms．He says he still gets good yields（产量） using flood irrigation and earns a good income for his family． Other farmers haven't stuck it out（坚持到底）：about one in three have left Zhengxin in the past 10 years after their wheat crops died．Young people who can find jobs in the towns rarely return． Last week，Mr Lu joined the other men in his village on a government-arranged trip to see the land that has been set aside for their relocation，nearly 40 miles to the south．The next day，he was back，shaking his head at the plan．The idea of uprooting his family troubles him，as does the idea of giving up the land that fed his forefathers．He prefers to stay and keep up the fight． "With enough water，this problem can be solved，" Lu says． "We can plant trees and grass，and they will grow bigger．That will stop the desert．" Experts say that farmers could switch to drip irrigation （滴灌）to lessen their water intake for growing crops．Elsewhere in the region，farmers have built brick greenhouses as part of a plan to grow vegetables using less water．Roadside signs urge farmers to "Save Water，Protect the Environment"．
（1）The negative effect of planting trees in deserts is that ． A．it can make groundwater become less B．it can prevent the sand moving freely C．it can stop crops growing well D．it can get the soil to become poor （2）Why did Mr．Lu NOT accept the idea of relocation？ A．Because the plan of relocation will cost him much money． B．Because his family had trouble moving away． C．Because he was reluctant to give up his land． D．Because he would rather stay than fight against the deserts． （3）What can we infer from the passage？ A．The deserts drive more and more people to leave their homes for their lives． B．People have no means to fight against the land becoming desert． C．Water is the biggest barrier for people to stop the desert． D．Planting trees cannot solve the problem of desertification of farmland． （4）What advice is given by experts to save water？ A．To plant more trees． B．To build greenhouses． C．To change crops． D．To use drip irrigation．
215131.（2015•西北大附中•高一上期中）
Living in a foreign culture can be exciting，but it can also be confusing （令人迷惑的）．A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences．They decided that miscommunications were always possible，even over something as simple as"yes"and"no"． On her first day in Micronesia，an island in the Pacific，Lisa thought people weren't paying any attention to her．The day was hot．She went into a store and asked，"Do you have cold drinks．The woman there didn't say anything．Lisa repeated the question．Still the Woman said nothing．She later learned that the woman had answered her：She had raised her eyebrows （眉毛），which in Micronesia means"yes"． Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria，a country in Europe．She went to a restaurant that was known for its cabbage．She asked the waiter，"Do you have cabbage today？"He nodded his head．Jan waited，but the cabbage never came．In that country，a nod means no． Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India．After explaining something in class，he asked his students if they understood．They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head．He thought some people had not understood，so he explained again．When he asked again，they did the same thing．He soon found out that his students did understand．In India，people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from．You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean"yes"or"no"．
（1）These Americans teaching English in other countries found that they ． A．had problems with communications B．needed to learn foreign languages C．should often discuss their experiences D．should go abroad for vacations （2）People in Micronesia show"yes"by ． A．nodding heads B．shaking heads C．raising eyebrows D．saying"no" （3）Tom misunderstood his class at first because A．he didn't explain everything clearly enough B．he did not know much about Indian culture C．some students didn't understand his questions D．he didn't know where the students came from （4）Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage？ A．Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage． B．Jan taught English on a Pacific island． C．In Bulgaria，nodding heads means no． D．In India，only shaking heads means"YES"． （5）The passage is mainly about ． A．body language in foreign restaurants B．miscommunication in different cultures C．class discussion in Indian schools D．English teaching in other countries．
215074.（2017•七十中•高二下期中）
In the 1500's when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States，they came across the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo，Hopi，and Zuni peoples．These ancestors，known variously as the basket makers，the Anasazi，or the Ancient ones，had lived in the area for at least 2，000 years．They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops． The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe （土砖） and wood．Anasazi houses were originally built in holes and were entered from the roof．But around the year 700 A．D．，the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into groups of multistoried large buildings，which the Spanish called pueblos or villages．Separate rooms under the ground in these pueblos-known as kivas-were set aside for religious ceremonies．Each kiva had a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld．The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms． The Anasazi family was matrilinear （母系遗传）．The holy objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female，but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother，or son．Women owned the rooms in the pueblo and the crops，once they were harvested．While still growing，crops belonged to the men，who，in contrast to most other Native American groups，planted them．The women made baskets and pottery；the men made cloth and jewelry． Each village had two chiefs．The village chief dealt with land disputes （争议） and religious affairs．The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects．The solid political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them．
（1）What do we know about the Anasazi people？ A．They were immigrants from Spain． B．They were good at growing crops． C．They stored their crops in caves． D．They had battles against the Spanish． （2）What does the underlined word"they"（Paragraph 3）refer to？ A．Women． B．Pueblos． C．Crops． D．Rooms． （3）What can be concluded from the text？ A．The Anasazi benefited from trade with the Spanish． B．The division of labor in Anasazi society was clear． C．The Spanish caused harm to Anasazi society． D．Constant conflicts existed in Anasazi society． （4）What can best describe the Anasazi？ A．Aggressive． B．United． C．Honesty． D．Selfish．
215073.（2017•七十中•高二下期中）
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit；most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down．While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other，it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of． A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure．The reason this happens is because the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart，crossing one leg over the other increases resistance，making it even harder for the blood to circulate．This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart．You won't feel any immediate effects，but if you sit for long periods of time it's important that you take note of how long you have your legs crossed for．You shouldn't have your legs crossed for more than 15 minutes，and it's important that you get up and walk around at least once every hour． Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain．Ideally，it's best for our bodies to sit with our feet planted flat，hip width apart，on the floor，but it's not easy to maintain perfect posture all day at the office． You also might notice that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get tingly or have the feeling of being asleep．While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two，repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage． So next time you sit down，try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor．Not only will it help your posture and stability，but it will also save your health in the long run．
（1）Crossing legs affect your blood pressure because ． A．it causes your body to push the blood back to the heart． B．you can't feel any immediate effects． C．you don't have enough time to walk around． D．it is harder for the blood to circulate． （2）To solve the problems caused by crossing legs，you'd better ． A．sit with your feet planted flat on the floor for hours． B．pay attention to how long you have your legs crossed for． C．keep your sitting posture and stability permanently． D．try to be aware of whether you are comfortable or not． （3）Which word can't describe the feeling when you cross your legs for a long time？ A．nervous B．tired C．numb D．painful．
219606.（2020•长安区一中•高一上一月）
Too many people want others to be their friends，but they don't give friendship back.That is why some friendships don't last very long.To have a friend，you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules：be honest；be generous；be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must trust one another.If you don't tell the truth，people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest，you may lose your friend's trust.Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity meanaring and sharing makes a friendship grow.You don't have to give your lunch money or your clothes，or enjoy，like our hobbies and your interests.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike.But all true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friendships，you must practice honesty.Generosity and understanding.
（1）Some friendships don't last very long because. A．they don't know friendship is something serious B．there are too many people who want to make friends C．those who give others friendships receive friendships from others D．those who never give others friendships receive no friendship from others （2）According to the passage，honesty is. A．something countable B．the base of a friendship C．as important as money D．more important than anything else （3）Which of the following is NOT true in the passage？ A．Always tell your friend the truth. B．Sharing your mind with your friend is of great value. C．A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend. D．Discussing your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem. （4）According to the author，how do you help your friend know you better？ A．Share your ideas and feelings with your friend. B．Give your lunch money or your clothes to your friend. C．Don't tell the truth to your friend. D．Ask your friend for everything.
215055.（2017•七十中•高一下期中）
With more than 100，000 people aged 100 or over，Spain is the country with the greatest life expectancy after Japan．How do you live to 100？Here the country's centenarians（百岁老人） give their advice on staying youthful． Pilar Fernandez，101 She lives with her daughter Pili，granddaughters Flori and Ana in Ambas，Asturias，northern Spain．Fernandez suffered hunger and hardship during the war years alongside her nine brothers and sisters．To avoid history repeating itself，she limited herself to just one child．"From pure fear，I didn't have anymore，"says Fernandez．One of the best things for her health，she says，is tending livestock（家畜） and a vegetable garden． Maximino San Miguel，102 He lives in Leon，northern Spain．San Miguel discovered his passion（酷爱） for amateur dramatics at the age of 80 and has participated in many local productions．He didn't go to school as a child because he was sent to work as a shepherd（敉羊人）．He prefers reading books about drawing and travelling．Now this hobby，he said，has kept him full of energy． Pedro Rodriguez，106 He lives in Cangas de Onis，Asturias，northern Spain．Rodriguez plays the piano every day in the living room of the flat where he lives with his wife who is nearly 20 years younger than him，Their daughters visit them often．His hobby is something that he feels has kept him young．"The nuns（修女） taught me how to play the piano as a child，"he says． Francisco Nunez，112 He is from Bienvenida，Badajoz，southern Spain．Nunez lives with his daughter．He says he doesn't like the pensioners'daycare center because it's full of old people，whose negative attitude towards life affects him deeply sometimes．Despite his old age，he has always maintained（保持）a youthful outlook，and that is what has kept him going on．
（1）What benefits her health according to Pilar Fernandez？ A．Having more children． B．Learning history． C．Living with kids． D．Doing gardening． （2）What does Maximino San Miguel want to do most in his life now？ A．Working as a shepherd． B．Reading books． C．Taking up painting． D．Going travelling． （3）Why does Francisco Nunez dislike living with other old people？ A．They may depend on his help． B．He is sensitive to his old age． C．They may affect his attitude to life． D．He has more kids to look after at home． （4）What can we infer about the four old people from the text？ A．They are fond of exercising regularly． B．They led a hard life when they were young． C．They have the same hobbies in their free time． D．They have their own method of staying youthful．
203517.（2015•西工大附中•八模）
Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did．This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize，but the smartphone． At parties，more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks．According to a recent International Data Corporation study，well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up，keeping it in hand all day．In addition，too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result，they get into car crashes．34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving，and they confirm that text messaging is their number one driving interruption．People's attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others． Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road，many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction．When with their friends，some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend，which sends a message to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you．In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world．Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run． As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their massages，smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people．The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communication．Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact（交流）face-to-face but it is also lowering society's ability to communicate．
（1）The purpose of this text is to ． A．call for an end to use the smartphone while driving B．appeal to us to pay attention to communication skills C．express a concern about the overuse of the smartphone D．advise us to be cautious about the addiction to the smartphone （2）The second paragraph is developed ． A．by examples B．by comparison C．by time D．by classification （3）What's the author's attitude towards making friends by using smartphones？ A．Neutral． B．Positive． C．Ambiguous． D．Negative． （4）Over dependence on the smartphone leads to the fact that ． A．parties and gatherings limit their social circle B．people are more and more narrow-minded C．people's communication skills are weakened D．face-to-face communication becomes less important
215258.（2016•长安区一中•高一下期中）
Are you carrying too much on your back to school？I'm sure lots of your age will say"Yes"．Not only the students in China have this problem，but children in the United States also have heavy school bags． Doctors are starting to worry about that younger and younger students are having problems as a result of school bags being too heavy for them．"It's hard for me to go upstairs with my bag because it's so heavy，"said Rich Hammond，an 11-year-old student in the US．Rich is among students who have common school bags with two straps （带子） to carry them，but many other choose rolling （转动的） bags．But even with rolling bags，getting up stairs and houses is still a problem for children．Many of them have hurt backs and necks because of the heavy school bags． But how much is too much？Doctors say studentould carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight．Scott Bautch，a black doctor，said children under Grade 4 should stay with 10%．But it is also important that older children don't stay with over 15%，because their bodies are still growing．"Children are losing their balance and falling down with their school bags，"he said． Parents and teachers are starting to tell children to only take home library books that they will be reading at night．Some teachers are using pieces of paper or thin workbooks for students to take home． One of the best answers is，as some children said，to have no homework at all．
（1）From the passage we can learn that ． A．only children in China carry too heavy school bags B．children in other countries don't carry too heavy school bags C．both children in China and the US carry too heavy school bags D．only children in the US carry too heavy school bags （2）If a child carries a heavy school bag， ．
A．his back and neck will be hurt
B．his head and arms will be hurt
C．his hands will be hurt
D．his feet will be hurt
（3）According to the doctor，Scott Bautch，if a child in Grade 5 weighs about 30 kilos，the school bag he carrieould not be over ． A．5 kilos B．3 kilos C．5.5 kilos D．4.5 kilos．
203407.（2016•西工大附中•七模）
Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball．Shay asked， "Do you think they'll let me play？" Shay's father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team，but the father also understood that if his son，mentally and physically disabled，were allowed to play，it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence． Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play，not expecting much．The boy looked around and said， "We're losing by six runs （分） and the game is in the eighth inning （局）．I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him in to bat in the final inning．" Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart．The boys saw the father's joy at his son being accepted． In the bottom of the eighth inning，Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three．In the top of the final inning，Shay put on a glove and played in the field．Even though no hits came his way，he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field．In the bottom of the final inning，Shay's team scored again．Now，Shay was scheduled to be next at bat．Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game？ Surprisingly，Shay was given the bat．Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible．The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed．The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay．As the pitch came in，Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher． The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game．Instead，the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman，beyond the reach of all teammates．The audience and the players from both teams started screaming， "Shay，run to first!" Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base，wide-eyed and shocked． Everyone shouted， "Run to second!" Catching his breath，Shay awkwardly ran towards second．By the time Shay rounded towards second base，the smallest guy on their team，who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time，could have thrown the ball to the second baseman，but he understood the pitcher's intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head． All were screaming， "Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay．" Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted， "Shay，run to third．" As Shay rounded third，all were on their feet，crying， "Shay，run home!" Shay ran to home，stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team． That day，the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world．Shay didn't make it to another summer and died that winter，having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!
（1）In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys ． A．believed they were sure to win the game B．would like to help Shay enjoy the game C．found Shay was so eager to be a winner D．felt forced to give Shay another chance （2）The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head，probably because that boy ． A．was obviously aware of the pitcher's purpose B．looked forward to winning the game for his team C．failed to throw the ball to the second baseman D．saw that Shay already reached second base （3）Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay's becoming the hero for this team？ A．The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman． B．The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him． C．The opposing players failed to stop his running to home． D．One of the opposing players ran to help him． （4）What do you think is the theme of the story？ A．The human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other． B．Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled． C．Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents． D．The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players．
203361.（2016•西工大附中•八模）
The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda．In fact，as far as the Ik are concerned，the family means very little．This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of drought，famine and starvation．Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others．So the old are abandoned to die．Sick and disabled children too are abandoned．The Ik attitude is that，as long as you keep the breeding group alive，you can always get more children． Ik mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old，to defend for themselves．I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out，for in the process of being cared for，he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling（背婴儿带） wherever the mother goes．Whenever the mother is in her field，she loosens the sling and lets the baby to the ground none too slowly，and laughs if it is hurt．Then she goes about her business，leaving the child there，almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off．This sometimes happens．Such behaviour does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children． Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock．It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive，savage and inhuman，and that their concept of the'family' is deeply wrong．However，sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical．We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions．In the case of the Ik，with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in-drought and famine-their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe． Moreover，some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common．British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members．For some members of our own society-for young and old alike-family life may be characterized by violence，abuse and isolation． The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts．This is not surprising，considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities．It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as'natural'．For many of us，it is a cornerstone of our social world，a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world．It is the place in which we are loved for who we are，rather than what we are．Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives．It is no wonder that we tend to hold very fierce，emotional，and perhaps irrational views about family life and how it ought to be organized．Such'taken for granted'views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience-such as those of the Ik-without making critical judgments． （1）Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage？ A．The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for． B．The old are the luxuries they should treasure． C．Their children should be abandoned when born． D．The family is the centre of their life． （2）Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik？ A．Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there． B．The children are a great burden to their family． C．The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents． D．Many children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field． （3）According to the author，both British family life and that of the Ik ． A．endear family members B．ensure longevity C．experience ups and downs D．contain negative elements （4）All of the following statements support"family is the cornerstone"EXCEPT that ． A．we pour our bad mood upon our family members B．we find we love and are loved in the family C．we believe family is the top priority in our life D．we turn to family as our harbour in heart．
203341.（2016•西工大附中•九模）
In a recent announcement，Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide． Beginning this fall，a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new ＄60 million program，known as edX"Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses，"Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan． MIT has offered a program called Open Course Ware for ten years that makes materials from more than 2，000 classes free online．It has been used by more than 100 million people．In December，the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate（证书），known as MITx，for people who compete certain online course．Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program． The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform． MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120，000 people signed up for the first MITx course．She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform． "Fasten your seatbelts，"Hockfield said Other universities，including Standford，Yale and Canegie-Mellon，have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online． The Hardvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit （非盈利的） organization based in Cambridge，to be owned equally by the two countries．Both MIT and Harvard have provided 30 million to start the program．They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful．
（1）According to this text，edX is ． A．a part of the free MIT Open Course Ware． B．a free computer program by MIT and Harvard． C．a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses． D．a free program online for universities world wide． （2）What is said about online education in the text？ A．Universities have been trying online courses． B．About 2，000 online courses have been offered． C．Over 100 million people have finished courses online． D．Standford and Yale together have similar to edX． （3）The underlined part in the text probably means" "． A．Get ready for the difficulties． B．Get ready for this education change． C．Get prepared to complete the online courses． D．Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses． （4）What can be said about MITx according to the text？ A．It is first offered as part of the edX learning program． B．It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program． C．It is a standard to recognize online learners' achievement． D．It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT．
205898.（2017•西安中学•高一上期末）
Threadsmiths，an Australian garment company based in Melbourne，has just invented a revolutionary new T-shirt that never gets wet or dirty． The garment，called "The Cavalier"，is made from 100 percent cotton but features brand new "hydrophobic（疏水的）" nano-technology（纳米技术） which is woven（编织） into the cotton and is totally able to resist most liquids，as well as different types of dirt． The new T-shirt is of course protected by patent（专利） as，unlike other attempts at waterproof and dirtproof garments，it doesn't use aerosols（喷雾剂） which can contain chemicals．As is stated clearly on the website："Our shirts emulate the natural hydrophobic characteristics of the lotus（荷花） leaf．The Cavalier shirt contains no aerosol applications and no dangerous chemicals，and is completely safe to wear - as a shirt should be．" "As it creates a natural self-cleaning effect，the new invention means that any remains left on the garment can easily be wiped off，or simply washed off with water．" Lewis Pitchford，an employee at Threadsmiths，spoke about the new product： "Most people are pretty amazed when they see it．" Pitchford confirmed that while the company is only producing T-shirts for the time being，they are more than open to suggestions from the public about other types of other clothes that could be produced． As well as the obvious benefits for the fashion industry，the new material could be revolutionary for restaurants and cafes which could avoid problems caused by spills during busy services．On top of that，restaurants could potentially save a fortune on laundry bills for their staff's aprons and their chef's clothes． The material is machine washable and apparently is good for at least 80 washes before the full effect of the waterproof technology fades a little．The new T-shirts are available for men and women in a variety of standard sizes and sold for ＄65 each．
（1）This passage is most probably a（n）． A．advertisement B．science fiction C．news report D．research paper （2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "emulate"？ A．appreciate B．explore C．copy D．replace （3）What can be inferred from the passage？ A．Threadsmiths is the first company to try inventing the self-cleaning T-shirt． B．The company welcomes public suggestions for other types of clothes being produced． C．The shirt would be welcomed by owners and staff of restaurants and cafes． D．To keep the shirt functioning well，the user had better not wash it． （4）Which one do you think can be the best title for this passage？ A．New advancement in fashion - what's the future like？ B．Revolutionary T-shirt that never gets wet or dirty - how does it work？ C．Self-cleaning T-shirt - safe to wear？ D． "The Cavalier" - your best new choice in clotheopping!
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