202937.（2017•师大附中•十一模）Many people write to newspaper and magazines to express their opinions．Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name，address and telephone number，although the information is not necessary for publication．This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say．When a writer wants his voice heard，he needs to claim ownership of his voice．Responsibility is the name of the game． "People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship，" said social worker Ken Yip， "and this is what is causing a lot of family problems．" When we sign a paper，for example，a business contract or a bank document，the signature is a seal of consent，an agreement to take the matter seriously．Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature．The absence of a signature，they explain，tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply． There are people who wish to remain anonymous（匿名的）for various reasons．Multi-billionaire Mr．King donates generously to charity several times a year．He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring，and he does not want his good deeds to make news．In other cases，people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity．Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police，but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime． Name or no name？The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved．We all have a name．It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement，a claim or an accusation．We all want to honour our own name，and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say．
（1）What does the writer mean by saying "Responsibility is the name of the game"？ A．Writers need to provide their personal information in the game． B．Publication must bear the writer's full name，address and phone number． C．Writerould be responsible for their names． D．Names are required to indicate writers' responsibility for what they say． （2）The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may． A．help to end a relationship B．not get a reply C．be accepted all the same D．become a family problem （3）Some people don't want their names known because they are． A．hesitant to make a donation B．unwilling to draw public attention C．afraid of an accusation D．ready for involvement （4）The passage is mainly about． A．honour and writers B．identity and signature C．signature and responsibility D．anonymity and signature
（1）D．推理判断．根据第一段中的…is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say．清楚地表明作家对他们所说的话负责，可判断D正确的． （2）B．推理判断．第二段后半部分Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature提到很多政府和组织不受理没有签名的投诉，并解释说上诉人不太严肃．所以可以推断没有回复，所以选B． （3）B．推理判断．根据第三段There are people who wish to remain anonymous（匿名的） for various reasons是提到慈善匿名捐款的事例可知他们不想暴露在广众之下．所以答案选B． （4）C．主旨大意．签名意味着为自己的话负责，文章讲述了签名的重要性及签名的责任．故选C．
206057.（2016•七十中•高一下期末）
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature．However，whether you are on the mountains，in the waves，or on the grassland，you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment． Some sports are resource-hungry．Golf，as you may know，eats up not only large areas of countryside，but also tons of water．Besides，all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球场）in good condition．This causes major environmental effects．For example，in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain，golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas． There are many environment-friendly sports．Power walking is one of them that you could take up today．You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes；and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse．Simple and free，power walking can also keep you fit．If you walk regularly，it will be good for your heart and bones．Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious，sleep well and have better weight control． Whatever sport you take up，you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from reused materials．But the final goal should be"green gyms"．They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers．Members of green gyms play sports outdoors，in the countryside or other open spaces．There is no special requirement for you to start your membership．And best of all，it's free．
（1）Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of？ A．Cycling around a lake． B．Motor racing in the desert． C．Playing basketball in a gym D．Swimming in a sports center． （2）What do we know about golf from the passage？ A．It is popular in Portugal and Spain． B．It causes water shortages around the world． C．It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes． D．It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green． （3）The author uses power walking as an example mainly because ． A．it is an outdoor sport B．it improves our health C．it uses fewer resources D．it is recommended by experts （4）The author writes the passage to ． A．show us the function of major sports B．encourage us to go in for green sports C．discuss the major influence of popular sports D．introduce different types of environment-friendly sports
203517.（2015•西工大附中•八模）
Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did．This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize，but the smartphone． At parties，more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks．According to a recent International Data Corporation study，well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up，keeping it in hand all day．In addition，too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result，they get into car crashes．34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving，and they confirm that text messaging is their number one driving interruption．People's attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others． Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road，many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction．When with their friends，some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend，which sends a message to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you．In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world．Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run． As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their massages，smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people．The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communication．Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact（交流）face-to-face but it is also lowering society's ability to communicate．
（1）The purpose of this text is to ． A．call for an end to use the smartphone while driving B．appeal to us to pay attention to communication skills C．express a concern about the overuse of the smartphone D．advise us to be cautious about the addiction to the smartphone （2）The second paragraph is developed ． A．by examples B．by comparison C．by time D．by classification （3）What's the author's attitude towards making friends by using smartphones？ A．Neutral． B．Positive． C．Ambiguous． D．Negative． （4）Over dependence on the smartphone leads to the fact that ． A．parties and gatherings limit their social circle B．people are more and more narrow-minded C．people's communication skills are weakened D．face-to-face communication becomes less important
202957.（2017•师大附中•七模）
Body awareness helps children figure out how they can move their bodies and understand the concept of space and how it relates to their bodies．There are many fun games and songs that teach children body awareness and encourage them to move their bodies．Simon Says is a great example of such games，as long as you allow all children to continue playing instead of removing children who do not follow the directions correctly．Children who do not follow the directions correctly are generally the very ones that need to play the game most．Each time you call out an instruction - touch your toes/raise your arms/tap your head，the children are mentally relating the name of the body part to their own bodies． Do you remember the game Statue，or maybe you call it Freeze？The teacher plays music，and when the music stops，the children "freeze"．To add an element of learning about body parts，add this instruction：When the music stops，you freeze except for the body part that I call out when the music stops；So if you call "Hands"，everyone should freeze except for their hands，which should be moving．Children love this variation of the game，and it teaches them to listen and learn body parts． Listening to songs also helps teach children's body awareness．One of the songs is If You're Happy and You Know It．Although the standard refrains （副歌曲调） tell you to "clap your hands" and " stamp your feet"，you can try lots of fun verses：wiggle your fingers，pull your ears，knock your knees and touch your head，etc． Children enjoy guessing games，too．Try giving clues about which body part you are describing．For example， "I am thinking about a body part that I smell with．It is right under my eyes and right over my mouth．What am I thinking about？" To help thinking and language skills，encourage children to make up the clues for a body part． Children should enter school with a basic understanding of their bodies．Children programs can promote this understanding by including develop - mentally appropriate and fun activities into curriculum that teach children about their amazing bodies!
（1）The reason why children who do not follow the directions correctly is that they ． A．are not clever enough B．can' t pay attention well C．have good body awareness D．lack body awareness （2）Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ A．Statue or Freeze can add element of learning about body parts． B．Simon Says helps children relate names to their body parts easily． C．Listening to songs can only help children move their hands and feet． D．Guessing games is a good way for children to make up clues for body parts． （3）Which of the following games could possibly be beneficial to thinking and speaking？ A．Listening to songs． B．Guessing games． C．Simon Says． D．Statue or Freeze． （4）The author's purpose in writing the passage is to tell us ． A．why body awareness is important for children． B．which game is best for children's -body awareness C．how we can help children learn before going to school D．what activities are good for children's body awareness
203131.（2016•师大附中•二模）
While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move． Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room．Her Internet access was locked-remotely-to prevent Internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed ae had in the past？Or wae slowing down？ In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education．The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general．Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universitieow that their exams and diplomas are valid-that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers． Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of "open online courses．" Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field，spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance． Aside from the web cameras，a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular．Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used． Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones．As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating．
（1）Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam？ A．To correct her typing mistakes． B．To find her secrets in the room． C．To keep her from dishonest behaviors． D．To prevent her from slowing down． （2）The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to． A．advanced technique B．sharpening tool C．effective rule D．dividing line （3）Some programs can find out possible cheaters by． A．producing a large number of questions B．checking the question answering speed C．scanning the Internet test questions D．giving difficult test questions
203168.（2016•西安中学•四模）
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult．From the beginning，people may send the wrong signal．Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship． Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree．For example，business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust．Even with people at work，it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk"，usually over a glass of tea，before they do any job．In many European countries - like the UK or France - people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or café's rather than at the office． Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures．I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion；instead there was an uncomfortable silence．The people present just stared at me and smiled． After getting to know their ways better，I realized that they thought I was talking too much．In my own culture，we express meaning mainly through words，but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary． Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems． Certainly，English and German cultureare similar values；however，Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly．We think that they are rude．In fact，this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly． People from different parts of the world have different values，and sometimes these values are quite against each other．However，if we can understand them better，a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other．
（1）In some countries，eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to ． A．get to know each other B．share the same culture C．develop closer relations D．keep each other company （2）The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that ． A．the English prefer to make long speeches B．even talk and silence can be culturally different C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature D．too many words are of no use （3）According to the text，how can people from different cultures understand each other better？ A．By recognizing different values． B．By accepting different habits． C．By sharing different ways of life． D．By speaking each other's languages．
203169.（2016•西安中学•四模）
We live in a digital world now，and a student's technology needs have changed．For the early years，say when you are in primary school，you can get by with no technology at all． Even if you have a computer，it's a good idea to get children familiar with libraries．At this age，trips to the library are like family outings． As you get closer to middle school，a computer with Internet access becomes more of a necessity．Teachers will often give assignments that require a student to use the Internet for research．After a computer，technology choices for students become more difficult to make - especially when it comes to cell-phones．Kids will beg their parents for a cell-phone，especially in middle school．For many parents，it's a safety issue：They want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary．For teachers，cell phones can be used to record lessons when students are absent．But many teachers dislike cell-phones．Some kids send messages or have talks in the class．Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams．More and more schools are now forbidding the use of cell-phones． Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have．IPods are great for music，but do they do anything good for your children's education？Maybe they do．That's the opinion of Doug Johnson，an educator for 30 years．Johnson says that educatorould accept all new forms of technology in the classroom，including IPods． "Some do more with their cell-phones than we can do with our laptops，" he jokes． "I don't think we should be afraid．The truth is that it's easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire generation．"
（1）According to author，primary school children should ． A．use the computer and the Internet regularly B．ask their parents to buy them cell-phones C．go to libraries to read more books D．buy IPods to listen to music （2）The following are all reasons why many teachers dislike cell-phones EXCEPT ． A．cell-phones can be used to cheat on exams B．cell-phones can be used to record lessons C．schoolchildren will send messages during class D．schoolchildren might talk on them during class （3）What does the underlined word "that" refers to？ A．IPods can be helpful for children's education． B．IPods can be used to listen to music． C．IPods can be used to play games． D．IPods are necessary for children's lives． （4）We can infer from what Doug Johnson said that ． A．cell-phones are not useful to students B．teacherouldn't let students use cell-phones C．schoolchildren should follow the trends of fashion D．it's better for teachers to change their teaching methods
203206.（2016•西安中学•二模）
Social networking isn't only for the under 40s．More than 25 percent of Americans 50 years and older stay connected using sites such as Facebook，MySpace and Twitter，according to new research． "The latest data tells us that more and more social networking is becoming a part of everyday life for Americans 50 plus，"said Kevin Donnellan，the chief communications officer at AARP，which released the report． Nearly a quarter of older Americans are on Facebook and 73 percent said they use it to stay in touch with relatives，but not just their children and grandchildren．"They are using the Internet to keep up with the world and the people who are important to them，"said Jean Koppen，the author of the report．She added that older adults are also on Facebook to stay connected，not only with their family，but with their friends and those in the same age group．Almost 50 percent of older adults were introduced to the social networking sites by a family member，mainly a child or grandchil d．"Just under one-fifth of adults aged 50 and older say they do not use the Internet，"according to the report． The findings are based on a telephone survey of 1，863 adults．In addition to keeping up on Facebook and Twitter older adults are aware of the latest technology．Eighty-three percent had heard about the Apple iPad and 11 percent intended to buy one． Despite the popularity of the Internet among the over 50s，they still mostly go to print newspapers and magazines for news．Only one percent said they followed blogs． （1）What is the main idea of the text？ A．Social networking isn't for the under 40s in the U．S．A． B．American old people's way of life is quite fashionable． C．Social networking is becoming popular among older Americans． D．Facebook，MySpace and Twitter are the most popular websites in the US． （2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ A．85% of Americans 50 plus choose the Internet over print media． B．About 460 people in the telephone survey often use Facebook． C．About 20% of adults aged 50 plus have access to the Internet． D．Three quarters of the people surveyed got to know the Internet through their family． （3）From the text，it can be concluded that ． A．many older Americans are open-minded about new developments B．Kevin Donnellan approves of this change among older Americans C．Young people should introduce their elders to new technology D．In a high tech age it is difficult to avoid social networking （4）Where does the text probably come from？ A．A novel． B．A newspaper． C．A technology guide． D．A student's research paper．
203284.（2016•华清中学•二模）
Teens don't understand the big fuss （小题大做）．As the first generation to grow up in a wired world，they hardly know a time when computers weren't around，and they eagerly catch the chance to spend hours online，chatting with friends．So what？ But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated （孤寂），less skillful at person-to-person relationships，and perhaps numb （麻木） to the cheatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world．"And a teen's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless，"said Sherry Turkle． Another researcher，Robert Kraut，said he's worried about the"opportunity costs"（机会成本） of so much online time for youths．He found that teens who used computers，even just a few hours a week，showed increased signs of loneliness and social isolation．"Chatting online may be better than watching television，but it's worse than hanging out （闲逛） with real friends，"he said． Today's teens，however，don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives．"School is busy and full of pressure．There's almost no time to just hang out，"said Parker Rice，17．"Talking online just kills time．" Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply．Some teens admit that asking someone for a date，or breaking up，can be easier in message form，though they don't want to do so．But they insist there's no harm． （1）The researchers argue that ． A．teens may develop a different sense of values B．nothing is wrong with teens' chatting online C．teens can manage their social connections D．spending hours online does much good to teens （2）Teens think that talking online can help them ． A．use computers properly B．improve their school work C．develop an interest in social skills D．reduce their mental pressures （3）The text mainly deals with ． A．teens' pleasant online experience B．teens' computer skills and school work C．the effects of the computer world on teens D．different opinions on teens' chatting online （4）The purpose of the text is to ． A．describe computer research results B．draw attention to teens' computer habits C．suggest ways to deal with problem teens D．discuss problems teens have at school．
203303.（2016•西工大附中•十模）
If you never read the classic F．Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby，now is your chance to catch up-by watching the latest film adaptation．Because if there's one sentence to sum up the film，it would be，as Fox News says in its review，"It's just like the book"． Director Baz Luhrmann's main challenge was"either to find a visual equivalent（相等物） for Fitzgerald's elegant essay--the open secret of the book's staying power--or to bend the material to his own exotic（异国的） strengths，"a Time magazine review says．He tries it both ways，with varying degrees of success． Considered to be Fitzgerald's representative work，The Great Gatsby explores themes of idealism，resistance to change，social change，and excess，creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream． Nick，the narrator，moves to New York for the summer to visit his cousin Daisy．His next-door neighbor is Jay Gatsby （Leonardo DiCaprio），who rarely contacts with others and is rumored to be a hero of the Great War．Gatsby claims to have attended Oxford University，but the evidence is suspect．As Nick learns more about Gatsby，every detail about him seems questionable，except his love for Daisy．Though Daisy is married，Gatsby still adores her as his"golden girl．"They first met when she was a young lady from a wealthy family and he was a working-class military officer．Daisy promised to wait for his return from the war．However，she married Tom，a classmate of Nick．Having obtained a great fortune，Gatsby sets out to win her back again． "All of Fitzgerald's original creation finds its way into this film，even going as far as to include quite a bit of the original dialogue，"US film critic Justin Taroli writes in his review．"The cast is beautiful as is the script，and the scenes are a visual feast，"Taroli adds． DiCaprio does a good and professional job as the socialite by recreating Fitzgerald's description of Gatsby's charm．"He can look at someone for an instant and understand how perfectly he or she wants to be seen，"David Denby，a film critic for The New Yorker，says in his review． The use of music is almost reason enough to see the film．"Luhrmann is at his best mixing visual and musical styles together to create something wholly original，"the Fox News review says． For example，in one of the most outstanding scenes in the film，the first party scene，Nick walks quickly from one party guest to another party guest trying to explain all the gossip about Gatsby until he is finally introduced to the man himself，while the most stirring version of Rhapsody in Blue （composed by American musician George Gershwin in 1924）is played in the background． （1）What did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success？ A．He adapted the story in the novel as he wished． B．He made the film more powerful than the book． C．He mixed his style with the elegance of the essay． D．He showed the elegance of the pictures in the film． （2）What is Taroli's attitude towards the film？ A．Favorable． B．Sceptical． C．Amazed． D．Unconcerned． （3）What are the characteristics of Gatsby？ A．Faithful and warm-hearted． B．Charming and professional． C．Selfish and stubborn． D．Mysterious and devoted． （4）Why does the author give the example of the first party scene in the last paragraph？ A．Unfold the fact that Nick wants to know more about Gatsby． B．Show the version of Rhapsody in Blue matches the film well． C．Prove that the director is good at combining visual and music． D．Convince us that the first scene is perfectly shot by the director．
203320.（2016•西工大附中•七模）
Andy Steele lives just a few blocks from the campus of Black Hills State University in Spearfish，S．D．，so commuting（经常往返） to class isn't the problem．But he doesn't like lectures much，isn't a morning person，and wants time during the day to restore motorcycles． So Steele，a full-time senior business major，has been taking as many classes as he can from the South Dakota State system's online offerings．He gets better grades and learns more，he says，and insists he isn't missing out on the college experience． "I still know a lot of people from my first two years living on campus，and I still meet a lot of people，"he says．But now，he sets his own schedule． At least 2.3 million people took some kind of online courses，according to a recent survey by the Sloan Consortium，an online education group，and two-thirds of colleges offering"face-to-face"courses also offer online ones．But what were once two different types of classes are looking more and more alike and often falling into the same pool of students． At some schools，online courses originally intended for non-traditional students living far from campus have proved surprisingly popular with on-campus students．A recent study found 42 percent of the students enrolled in its distance education courses were located on campus at the university that was hosting the online courses． Numbers vary depending on the policies of particular colleges，but other schools also have students mixing and matching online and"face-to-face"credits．Motives range from lifestyle to adapting to a job schedule to getting into high-demand courses． Washington State had about 325 on-campus undergraduates taking one or more distance courses last year．As many as 9，000 students took both distance and in-person classes at Arizona State last year． "Business is really about providing choices to their customers，and that's really what we want to do，"said Sheila Aaker，extended services coordinator （协调人） at Black Hills State． Many schools，such as Washington State and Arizona State，let departments and academic units decide who can take an online course．They say students with legitimate academic needs-a conflict with another class，a course they need to graduate that is full-often get permission，though they still must take some key classes in person． （1）What is the purpose of the passage？ A．To introduce Steele to us，who prefers online courses． B．To tell us about the development of campus courses． C．To show the differences between campus courses and online courses． D．To show more on-campus students are taking online courses． （2）We can learn from the passage that Andy Steele ．
A．lives far from the campus
B．knows none of his classmates
C．wants to have his own lifestyle D．doesn't get good marks
（3）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？ A．The undergraduates attend the online courses for different purposes． B．It is expected that distance education is popular with on-campus students． C．About 325 on-campus undergraduates took online courses in Washington last year． D．Different colleges have different policies about online courses． （4）From what Sheila Aaker said in the passage，we can tell ． A．business is the most popular major in universities B．collegeould provide more majors for students C．where the similarity between business and colleges lies D．why colleges offer online courses to on-campus students．
203361.（2016•西工大附中•八模）
The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda．In fact，as far as the Ik are concerned，the family means very little．This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of drought，famine and starvation．Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others．So the old are abandoned to die．Sick and disabled children too are abandoned．The Ik attitude is that，as long as you keep the breeding group alive，you can always get more children． Ik mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old，to defend for themselves．I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out，for in the process of being cared for，he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling（背婴儿带） wherever the mother goes．Whenever the mother is in her field，she loosens the sling and lets the baby to the ground none too slowly，and laughs if it is hurt．Then she goes about her business，leaving the child there，almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off．This sometimes happens．Such behaviour does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children． Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock．It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive，savage and inhuman，and that their concept of the'family' is deeply wrong．However，sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical．We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions．In the case of the Ik，with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in-drought and famine-their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe． Moreover，some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common．British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members．For some members of our own society-for young and old alike-family life may be characterized by violence，abuse and isolation． The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts．This is not surprising，considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities．It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as'natural'．For many of us，it is a cornerstone of our social world，a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world．It is the place in which we are loved for who we are，rather than what we are．Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives．It is no wonder that we tend to hold very fierce，emotional，and perhaps irrational views about family life and how it ought to be organized．Such'taken for granted'views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience-such as those of the Ik-without making critical judgments． （1）Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage？ A．The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for． B．The old are the luxuries they should treasure． C．Their children should be abandoned when born． D．The family is the centre of their life． （2）Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik？ A．Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there． B．The children are a great burden to their family． C．The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents． D．Many children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field． （3）According to the author，both British family life and that of the Ik ． A．endear family members B．ensure longevity C．experience ups and downs D．contain negative elements （4）All of the following statements support"family is the cornerstone"EXCEPT that ． A．we pour our bad mood upon our family members B．we find we love and are loved in the family C．we believe family is the top priority in our life D．we turn to family as our harbour in heart．
203407.（2016•西工大附中•七模）
Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball．Shay asked， "Do you think they'll let me play？" Shay's father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team，but the father also understood that if his son，mentally and physically disabled，were allowed to play，it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence． Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play，not expecting much．The boy looked around and said， "We're losing by six runs （分） and the game is in the eighth inning （局）．I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him in to bat in the final inning．" Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart．The boys saw the father's joy at his son being accepted． In the bottom of the eighth inning，Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three．In the top of the final inning，Shay put on a glove and played in the field．Even though no hits came his way，he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field．In the bottom of the final inning，Shay's team scored again．Now，Shay was scheduled to be next at bat．Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game？ Surprisingly，Shay was given the bat．Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible．The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed．The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay．As the pitch came in，Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher． The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game．Instead，the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman，beyond the reach of all teammates．The audience and the players from both teams started screaming， "Shay，run to first!" Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base，wide-eyed and shocked． Everyone shouted， "Run to second!" Catching his breath，Shay awkwardly ran towards second．By the time Shay rounded towards second base，the smallest guy on their team，who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time，could have thrown the ball to the second baseman，but he understood the pitcher's intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head． All were screaming， "Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay．" Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted， "Shay，run to third．" As Shay rounded third，all were on their feet，crying， "Shay，run home!" Shay ran to home，stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team． That day，the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world．Shay didn't make it to another summer and died that winter，having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!
（1）In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys ． A．believed they were sure to win the game B．would like to help Shay enjoy the game C．found Shay was so eager to be a winner D．felt forced to give Shay another chance （2）The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head，probably because that boy ． A．was obviously aware of the pitcher's purpose B．looked forward to winning the game for his team C．failed to throw the ball to the second baseman D．saw that Shay already reached second base （3）Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay's becoming the hero for this team？ A．The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman． B．The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him． C．The opposing players failed to stop his running to home． D．One of the opposing players ran to help him． （4）What do you think is the theme of the story？ A．The human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other． B．Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled． C．Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents． D．The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players．
204554.（2023•鄠邑区•高一上期末）
Today，we are told ，children don't spend enough time in the fresh air．Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV-they seem to be living in a virtual world．They have lost touch with nature． But now 400 organizations in the UK，from playgroups to the National Health Service，are encouraging children to have some "wild time"．They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside．Activities such as building dens，climbing trees，rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do．Even if they live in a city，they can go on adventures in the garden or the park． Children often need a helping hand from mom and dad．They need to be shown what to do and where to go．Andy Simpson from National Health Service says， "We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development，independence and creativity．，by giving wild time a go"． So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now，it seems that going back to basics and experiencing "nature's playground" is what modern children need．David Bond from Project Wild Thing says， "We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine，freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted"． This might sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe，like me，it's made you think about sticking on your boots，getting outdoors and relieving your childhood．There's no age limit on enjoying yourself!
（1）What's the best title of the text？ A．Wild time for children B．Benefits of wild time C．More space for children D．Adventures of children （2）Children are encouraged to do the following activities except ． A．building dens B．climbing trees C．playing hide and seek D．watching TV （3）According to Andy Simpson，we know that ． A．wild time is hard to design B．wild time is beneficial for children C．parents know the importance of wild time D．parents like keeping their children indoors （4）What's the main idea of Paragraph 4？ A．Modern children need wild time． B．Adults value outdoor activities． C．The present world is complicated． D．This generation of kids have no freedom．
202873.（2018•西安中学•六模）
A comparison of nesting data recorded in the early 1900s with similar data today for more than200 species of California birdows that overall they are breeding（*1）5 to 12 days earlier than they did 75 to 100 years ago Earlier studies found that many but not all birds in California's mountains are moving north or to higher altitude to find cooler temperatures in the face of global warming． "The shift to earlier breeding that we detected allows birds to nest at similar temperatures as they did a century ago，and helps explain why half the bird species in the mountainous areas of California did not need to shift upward in altitude in response to climate warming over the past century，said Steven Beissinger，a UC Berkeley professor of environmental sciences． Early spring arrivals have long been noted by the public and reported by scientists，but the assumption has been that the birds are tracking resources，primarily food：with warming temperatures．plants produce leaves and seeds earlier，and insects appear earlier． The new study spotlights another major reason：by nesting a week earlier，birds produce eggs and young at a temperature about I degree Celsius lower than if they nested at the normal time in the same place．This exactly counterbalances （抵消） the approximately I degree Celsius increase in global temperatures over the past century． "By nesting a week or 10 days earlier．birds are avoiding some of the negative effects of climate warming． " Beissinger said． "The good news is that there may be more flexibility for species to respond to climate change than we thought，and not all species may need to move farther north or to higher altitudes．" he added． "But we don't know yet whether staying in place and shifting schedules earlier is a permanent solution，or only provides temporary relief from the 2 degree Celsius rise in temperatures forecast to occur． Birds may find，for example，that the window of good temperatures for breeding becomeorter．which may limit the opportunity to re-nest if they fail the first time．Larger species that have a longer nesting period might not have an enough time to complete their nests before it starts to become too warm，he said．
（1）To fight against the global warming．earlier studies found that A．some birds tried to find cooler places B．some birds failed to nest more than ever C．some birds began to produce eggs earlier D．some birds woke up earlier to catch insects （2）What can we infer from the passage？ A．Early birds catch insects and get tender leaves B．Global warming is responsible for earlier springs C．Birds are smart in adapting to the climate changes D．Birds are likely to have difficulty in breeding ways （3）What is mainly talked about in the passage A．Birds' moving north and global warming． B．Early breeding of birds and climate changes． C．Changes of birds' life and early spring arrivals． D．Birds，reaction and early appearance of foods． （4）What's Steve Beissinger's attitude to the finding according to the passage？ A．Disappointed B．Panic C．Relieved D．Flexible
204574.（2023•鄠邑区•高二上期末）
Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching？ Low cost，dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help.Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-lowing cats in the northern Rocky Mountains.Scientists have been able to document the "private" moments of wildlife with leading technology. Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque，New Mexico.In his words， "there's no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife." Harris said some images help scientists see the effects of climate change. Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative，or WMI，are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems，or GPS.But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited，so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS.However，cameras can be left in very wild areas for days，weeks or even months.They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time. Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning.Wild video can show details about animal behavior.However，wild cameras have their problems too.Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them.Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest.Also，the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals.Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way. Even with such problems，wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.
（1）What does the underlined word "document" in paragraph 2 mean？ A．Remind B．Enrich. C．Appreciate. D．Record. （2）Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras？ A．They cannot be left in the wild over a long period. B．They cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas. C．They provide limited information. D．They might be stolen by people. （3）Why do some people argue against using wild cameras？ A．It is difficult to fix the cameras. B．It helps hunters find animals easily. C．It is hard to achieve careful planning. D．It makes animals interested in the cameras. （4）What is the author's attitude towards wild cameras？ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Uncaring.
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