[解析]
(1)A.细节题.由第一段Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged in dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities,driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources,began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.当食物来源短缺的时候来时种植粮食来维持生计,对应A选项:他们用农业来补充其他食物来源.
(2)C.否定细节题.第二段中的"significant growth in population"人口增长对应 A 选项;"efforts to control the flow of water"控制水流量,对应B选项;protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community 保护当地生态免于外部暴力侵害,对应C选项.因此D选项错误.
(3)A.段意理解题.第三段最后The need to oversee the entire process brought about the emergence of an elite that was eventually transformed into a government.监督整个过程的需要导致了精英阶层的出现,并最终转变为政府,可知讲领导者即后来的政府形成的原因,第四段these people gradually emerge as the leaders of that community这些人逐渐成为社区的领导者,可知讲领导是如何形成的,选A.
(4)C.推断题.最后一段Within these cities,new forms of livelihood appeared to satisfy the growing need for social services and consumer goods.在这些城市只能给,新的生活形式的出现满足了不断增长的社会服务和消费品的需求.可以推断出有需求就有供给,就会出现与之相关的产业.故选C.