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219909. （2020•铁一中学•高二下二月） Can you trust your very first childhood memories？Maybe not，a new study suggests．
   Past researcheow that people's earliest memories typically from around 3 to 3.5 years of age．But in a recent survey of more than 6600 people，British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger．These first memories are likely false，the researchers said．This was particularly the case for middle aged and older adults．
   For the study，researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred．Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened．For example，it shouldn't be based on a photograph，a family story or any source other than direct experiences．Then the researchers examined the content，language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form．
   As many of these memories dated before the age of 2，this suggests they were not based on actual facts，but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories．Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience，such as family relationships or feeling sad，the researchers explained．
   "We suggest that what a remember has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is …a mental representation consisting of remembered piece of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，" study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release， "Additionally，further details may be unconsciously inferred or added．Such memory- like mental representations come，over time，to be collectively experienced when they come to mind，so for the individual，they quite simply are 'memories' which particularly point to babyhood．"
   "Importantly，the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional， " study co-author Martin Conway said． "In fact，when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe it．"

（1）What can we learn from the recently study？
A．Memories from after the age of 3
B．Participants are good at telling stories
C．Adults are likely to form false memories
D．Earliest memories may play a trick on us
（2）Which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories？
A．A direct experience
B．A family story
C．A family photo
D．A sad feeling
（3）What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar？
A．They are repeated mental representations
B．They are a collection of early experiences
C．They are a combination of both facts and fictions
D．They are further details of remembered experiences
（4）Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from？
A．Society
B．Psychology
C．Technology
D．Health

共享时间:2020-06-10 难度:2

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社会，议论文，

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[解析]

（1）D．推理判断题．根据文章第二段内容"in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people，British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger．These first memories are likely false，the researchers said．This was particularly the case for middle ﹣aged and older adults．在最近对6600多人进行的一项调查中，英国科学家发现39%的参与者声称自己有2岁或2岁以下的记忆．研究人员说，这些最初的、早年的记忆很可能是错误的，尤其是中年和老年人．"由此可知，很小的时候的早期记忆有可能和我们的开玩笑，向我们传递错误的信息．结合选项，故选D．
（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段内容"Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened．For example，it shouldn't be based on a photograph，a family story or any source other than direct experiences．参与者被告知，他们必须确保记忆是发生的事情．例如，它不应该基于照片、家庭故事而应该是一些直接的经验．"故研究人员要求这些记忆必须是直接经验．结合选项，故选A．
（3）C．细节理解题．根据文章第五段内容"We suggest that what a remember has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is …a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood．研究报告作者夏尼亚•坎塔在一篇期刊新闻稿中说："我们认为，当回忆起虚构的早期记忆时，记忆者心里所想的是…一种由记忆中的早期经验片段和一些关于他们自己婴儿或童年的事实或知识组成的心理表征．"由此可知，虚构的早期记忆其实是事实和虚构的结合．结合选项，故选C．
（4）B．文章出处题．根据文章内容，文章主要讲述了科学家对于人们较小年龄时的记忆的真实性的研究，研究表明最早期的记忆都是部分真实事件和假象事件的结合题体．该类讲述关于人们心理因素的文章应该出现在报纸的心理专栏部分，结合选项：A．Society社会；B．Psychology心理；C．Technology科技；D．Health健康，故选B．

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214534. （2020•西安一中•高二下期中） Friday and Saturday were full of surprises for Chinese，as two places in China were listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites．The first，a World Natural Heritage，is composed of a series of migratory bird sanctuaries（候鸟保护地）along the coast of the Yellow Sea in Yancheng，East China's Jiangsu Province．The second，the Liangzhu Archaeological Site in Hangzhou，East China's Zhejiang Province，was listed as a World Cultural Heritage site．
   China began the application process for the bird sanctuaries in 2017．It only took two years to successfully complete the process．The reason the migratory bird sanctuary application was successful is because of the special geographical category of the area．It is the largest intertidal mudflat seashore in the world．The success of this application marks the beginning of China's world natural heritage from land to sea．The migratory bird sanctuaries are the central node of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and many endangered species，especially threatened migratory birds including red- crowned cranes and flamingos，go there to hunt for food during the migration season．The birds usually take a month to finish their migration．At about 10 days into their migration，they must stop and find food in order to have the energy to continue their journey．
   Compared to the short turnaround for the World Natural Heritage's application，the Liangzhu application was far more complicated．The application team spent six years making their dream a reality．A lot of archaeological work had to be carried out for the Liangzhu site，which means the application and assessment（评定）process takes a longer time．The site in Liangzhu is evidence of the existence of an early regional state in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the late Neolithic period in China，which helps fill in the gaps in the history of the rice-cultivating civilizations of China and East Asia more than 5000 years ago．The site was one of the 20th century's most important archaeological discoveries in China．
   With these two new additions，China now has 55 World Heritage sites，the highest number in the world．The successful application means greater responsibility and obligations（义务）．Protecting these places is much more important and is our future work．The new status of the migratory bird sanctuaries might boost local tourism industries but this too poses a challenge as local governments will need to control tourist volume so as not to impact the birds' migration patterns．Meanwhile，the sheer area that the Liangzhu Archaeological Site covers，some 14.3 square kilometers，makes protection a difficult issue to handle．Those workings at the site are busy constructing protective shelters for the site and even reburying certain areas to protect them from exposure．Plans are also underway to build a local museum for the storage and display of artifacts，so visitors can come and learn more about the history of the nation．

（1）What is special about the migratory bird sanctuaries？
A．It's the first China's world natural heritage on the sea．
B．It provides safe habitats for endangered species．
C．It's located along the coast of the Yellow River．
D．It supplies abundant fresh water to migratory birds．
（2）According to Paragraph 2，how do migratory bird sanctuaries protect birds？
A．By creating warm places to produce baby birds．
B．By preventing them from being killed by hunters．
C．By providing food supplies during their migration．
D．By curing the endangered birds after their journey．
（3）Why is Liangzhu chosen for the world heritage site？
A．It shows the long history of China．
B．It proves the wisdom of the people．
C．It witnesses the civilization of an age．
D．It reveals the food of the late Neolithic．
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly talking about？
A．The application success's promotion of tourism．
B．Chinese responsibilities after the successful application．
C．The two places' influence on Chinese history．
D．Chinese challenge of protecting birds' migration．

共享时间:2020-05-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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202815. （2020•铁一中学•五模） Children now worry more about their parents spending too much time on their mobiles or computers than parents worry about their children．Those who order their children to switch off televisions，computers or mobile phones because they fear they are becoming addicted might need to take a long hard look at their own screen habits，new research shows．
   Almost 70% of children think their parents spent too much time on their mobile phone，iPad or other similar devices，a research found．More than a third of children worry that their parents struggle to switch off from technology and a quarter of children surveyed openly accuse them of double standards when it comes to excessive（过多的） use of mobile devices，televisions and computers．One in five British children say their parents do not listen to them properly when they are together because they are so busy checking their emails or picking up work messages．
   The survey was carried out by Opinion Matters，a research agency for the New Forest National Park Authority．The authority has recently begun providing facilities for visitors to hand in mobile phones，tablets and other devices for fear that technology is invading family life and making it impossible for people to appreciate nature properly because they never switch off．
   Dr Richard Graham，a consultant adolescent psychiatrist and expert in technology addiction at Capio Nightingale Hospital in London，said there is growing evidence that children are finding their parents' preoccupation with communication technology increasingly worrisome．
   Four in ten of the children surveyed admitted that they sometimes communicate with their parents by text，email or social media even they are in the next room．The survey found that six in ten parents worry their children are spending too much time glued to small screens at home but almost seven in ten children have the same fear for their parents．
   Dr Aric Sigman told the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health conference that parents who cannot switch off risk driving them to a lifelong dependency on screens with striking similarities to alcoholism．If so，I think，they will regret wasting the time supposed to be spend on their children before they grow up disappointed．

（1）How many children questioned worry their parents spend too much time on screens？
A．One in three．
B．One in four．
C．One in five．
D．Almost seven in ten．
（2）According to the Paragraph 3，we learn that       ．
A．screen habits are ruining family life
B．parents have trouble receiving work messages
C．children do not listen to their parents properly
D．parents are openly accused of double standards
（3）According to Graham，what's children's attitude to their parents' screen habits？
A．Approving．
B．Doubtful．
C．Upset．
D．Indifferent．
（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？
A．To introduce the mobiles and computers to adults．
B．To advise parents to spend more time on their children．
C．To describe the difficulties today's parents have met with．
D．To compare today's parent-child relationship with that in the past．

共享时间:2020-05-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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202614. （2020•西安中学•一模） My kids sit in Gee's living room and respectfully lift antique Christmas ornaments out of a cardboard box．They giggle at Ann，who is a foreign character to them．Gee stands beside them，quietly explaining each treasure．She tells me that she and Tom built their ornament collection piece by piece．She smiles as we leave with the box．
   We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our marriage．Someone had been returning our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day，and Jim and I had wondered who．Then one day we spotted him：an elderly man who lived across the street．
   I baked cookies and left them outside with a thank-you note．When we got home that day，a typed letter had replaced the gift．The letter was from Tom and explained back when he'd been fighting a war，neighbors had taken the time to handle the garbage cans for his young wife，Gee，and he never forgot．Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us．
   A few years after we'd moved in，Tom died．We photocopied that letter and attached it to one of our own for Gee．We told her how special Tom had been to us．She wrote back and told ue still talked to Tom every day．
   These days，we're piling up boxes of our own．We're planning a move．We know it's time to go，and yet we can't seem to stick the For Sale sign up on the lawn．It's not just Gee．It's the man who lets our kids pick peaches off the tree in his front yard．It's the ladies who leave overflowing baskets for our kids on Easter．
   Jim and I agree to wait until January．This Christmas，we'll decorate our tree with Gee's ornaments，out of the box labeled in Tom's handwriting．Maybe I'll talk to him just as Gee still does．Thank you，I'll say，for teaching us what it means to be a neighbor．

（1）What can we infer from the first paragraph？
A．The kids thought little of these antique Christmas ornaments．
B．The kids were fond of these antique Christmas ornaments．
C．The kids were afraid of these antique Christmas ornaments．
D．The kids had no interest in these antique Christmas ornaments．
（2）Which of the following is true about Tom？
A．He fought a war from which the author suffered a lot．
B．He first met the author at her wedding．
C．He was an elderly man whose job was handling garbage cans．
D．He helped to handle his neighbors' garbage cans secretly．
（3）The underlined part in Paragraph 3 can probably be replaced by       ．
A．passed …down
B．gave …away
C．turned …over
D．called …off
（4）What could be the best title of this passage？
A．What Tom Did for us
B．Why we Didn't Want to Move
C．What it Really Means to Be a Neighbor
D．How Neighbors Help Each Other

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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202615. （2020•西安中学•一模） While many countries love their tea，UK citizens are particularly proud of being "tea people"．The average UK citizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year．
   Tea only made its way to England in large quantities in the first years of the 17th century．Tea from China and a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely in England at that time．Then tea was getting more and more popular among different social classes．
   There are many varieties of tea．Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in the UK．Black tea is dark in colour，because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize （氧化） before drying．This is why we usually serve it with milk，although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon．You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves，served up in a pot，and poured into the best china cups with saucers （茶托） for visitors．
   Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today，but it seems to be on the decrease．The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002，and has been dropping ever since．Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone，and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea．More than ￡1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013，more than twice what was spent on tea bags．
   Still， what goes around comes around；it's sure to become fashionable again．

（1）Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs？
A．Tea made its way to England in the early years of the 16th century．
B．The UK usually serves black tea with lemon．
C．Tea from China was being sold more widely in England now．
D．UK citizens take pride in being "tea people"．
（2）What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？
A．Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone．
B．Since 2002，the sales of tea has been on the decrease．
C．In 2013，the money spent on tea was ￡3 billion．
D．Most restaurants sell more coffee than tea nowadays．
（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph？
A．It can never succeed again．
B．The tea can become popular again．
C．Coffee is more popular than tea．
D．The tea is becoming less popular．
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？
A．To introduce tea in the UK．
B．To show the author's preference for tea．
C．To introduce the functions of tea．
D．To compare tea in China and UK．

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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202616. （2020•西安中学•一模） Smile!It makes everyone in the room feel better because they，consciously or unconsciously，are smiling with you．Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry （模仿） allows us to empathize with and even experience other people's feelings．If we can't mirror another person's face，it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions．A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences．
   In their paper，Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood，social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin，describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves．For example，if you're with a friend who looks sad，you might "try on" that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so．In "trying on" your friend's expression，it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression．Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds．
   "You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment，and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action - you approach the person or you avoid the person，" Niedenthal says． "Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means．"
   A person's ability to recognize and "share" others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces．This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases，like facial paralysis from a stroke，or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery．Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth，because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions，you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions．
   People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage，like autism （自闭症），can experience similar challenges． "There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact，" Niedenthal says．
   Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition．A better understanding of that part，she says，will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders．

（1）According to the passage，facial mimicry helps       ．
A．experience one's own feelings clearly
B．change others' emotions quickly
C．respond to others' expressions properly
D．develop friendship with others easily
（2）We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that       ．
A．people with motor diseases may also suffer from autism
B．people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions
C．people with social disorders can't have eye contact with others
D．people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces
（3）According to Niedenthal，the next step of the study will focus on       ．
A．how we can treat brain disorders
B．what can be done to regain facial mimicry
C．how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring
D．what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression
（4）The passage is written to       ．
A．discuss how people react positively to others' smiles
B．draw people's attention to those with social disorders
C．introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition
D．explain how emotional mirroring affects people's empathy

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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202633. （2020•西安中学•四模） Do you believe that blood types can determine your personality？People in Japan take blood types very seriously，according to a recent BBC report．They have big implications for life，work and love． "What's your blood type？" is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to job applications．
   Last year，four of Japan's top 10 best-sellers were about how blood type determines personality，selling more than 5 million copies altogether．Why is it such a popular belief that they determine one's character？Taku Kabeya，chief editor，the publisher of one of the books，told The Huffington Post that he thought the appeal of these books comes from having one's self-image confirmed．Readers discover the definition of their blood type and "It's like 'Yes，that's me!'" A popular reason often given about the craze is that in a relatively homogenous （一致） society，it provides a simple framework to divide people up into easily recognizable groups． "Being the same is considered a good thing here in Japanese society，" translator Chie Kobayashi told the BBC． "But we enjoy finding little differences that distinguish people．"
   As defined by the books，type As are sensitive perfectionists and good team players，but they tend to be over-anxious．Type Os are curious and generous but stubborn，while ABs are artistic but also mysterious and unpredictable．Type Bs are cheerful，but have eccentric （怪癖的），individualistic and selfish traits （特点）．
   The beliefs surrounding blood groups have been used in unusual ways．The women's softball team that won gold for Japan at the Beijing Olympics is reported to have used blood type theories to design training for each player．Major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on employees' blood types，for example，in 1990 the Asahi Daily newspaper reported that Mitsubishi Electronics （日本三菱电器） had announced the creation of a team made up entirely of A workers．

（1）What is the popular belief in Japan according to the passage？
A．Being the same is considered a good thing．
B．Blood types can determine personality．
C．Happy marriage is based on personality．
D．It is fashionable to buy top 10 best-sellers．
（2）What does the underlined word craze in the second paragraph probably mean？
A．fashion
B．behavior
C．attraction
D．habit
（3）Why did Mitsubishi Electronics hire so many workers with blood type A？
A．Because they are mysterious artistic and unpredictable．
B．Because they are perfectionists，good team players．
C．Because they are curious and generous but stubborn．
D．Because they are cheerful，but have eccentric traits．
（4）This passage is likely to be selected from a book of       ．
A．medicine
B．teamwork
C．geography
D．culture

共享时间:2020-04-26 难度:2 相似度:2

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202653. （2020•西安中学•三模） Perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now because robots are used to inspect crops，dig up weeds，and even have become shepherds，too．Commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of many hours to operate．One prime example is one of Australia's most isolated cattle stations，Suplejack Downs in the Northern Territory，extending across 4，000 square kilometers，taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town - Alice Springs．
   The extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattended，and monitored only once or twice a year，which means if the livestock （家畜） falls ill or requires assistance，it can be a long time for farmers to discover．
   However，robots are coming to the rescue．Robots are currently under a two-year trial in Wales which will train "farmbots" to herd，monitor the health of livestock，and make sure there is enough pasture （牧草地） for them to graze on．The robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment，cattle and food，using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature．
   During the trials，the robot algorithms and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees，mud，swamps，and hills．
   "We want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free，" says Salah Sukkarieh of the University of Sydney，who will carry out trials on several farms in central New South Wales．
   The robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock．They have been created to count individual fruit，inspect crops，and even pull weeds．
   Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side．The robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages，and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize （优化） the performances and tasks of the robot，as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms．
   Of course，some worry lies in replacing agricultural workers．However，it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies （空缺），making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations．
   The robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways，from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit．Future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently．

（1）What will "farmbots" be expected to do？
A．Take up many of the farmers' routines．
B．Provide medical treatments for livestock．
C．Lead the trend in farming the world over．
D．Improve the quality of pastures for grazing．
（2）What can robots do when equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms？
A．Help farmers choose the most efficient and safest passages．
B．Help farmers simplify their farming tasks and management．
C．Allow farmers to learn instantly what is occurring on the farm．
D．Allow farmers to give them real-time instructions on what to do．
（3）Why are farmers pressing for robotic farming？
A．Farming costs are fast increasing．
B．Robotics technology is maturing．
C．Robotic fanning is the trend．
D．Labor shortage is worsening．
（4）What does the author think future farms will be like？
A．More and more automated．
B．More and more productive．
C．Larger and larger in scale．
D．Better and better in condition．

共享时间:2020-04-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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202654. （2020•西安中学•三模） It happens from time to time that after a whole morning of studying，you are tired in the afternoon．It's then that you might want to eat something sweet，perhaps a Coke or a chocolate bar，to lift your mood．After all it's popularly believed that a "sugar rush" gives us energy．
   But a study published in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews in April suggests that sugar can make us feel worse rather than boost our moods．
   The German and UK researchers collected data from 31 studies involving nearly 1，300 adults．They studied the effect of sugar on various aspects of mood，including anger，alertness，depression and tiredness．
   They found that people who have too much sugar become more tired and less alert within an hour and that these feelings become more intense over time．
   According to the researchers，when people take in sugar their blood sugar levels rise rapidly，leading to a burst of energy and a short "feel good" period．However，as they begin to digest the sugar，their blood sugar levels decrease quickly leading to a bad feeling．
   To remain on a "high" people are likely to eat more and more sugar until they become addicted to it．As with caffeine，this prevents the body from relaxing，leaving people feeling tired and less alert．
   But the study findings needn't make us think we must give up sweet food altogether．According to the World Health Organization，it is healthy to have the sugars found naturally in fruit，vegetables and milk so long as these make up less than 5 percent of daily total energy intake．
   So the next time you feel tired and can't concentrate，perhaps you should think twice before you bite into a chocolate bar．Maybe a spot of exercise at midday would be a better idea!
   Tips for beating afternoon fatigue．
   ? Head outside and sit in the daylight for 10 minutes．
   ? Get into the routine of a mid-afternoon cup of tea．
    ? Plan group activities for midday．
   ? Add variety to your routine

（1）What does the underlined word "boost" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．harm
B．improve
C．control
D．change
（2）How did the people feel after they had sugar in the study？
A．They felt more tired．
B．They felt relaxed．
C．They were more alert．
D．They felt energetic．
（3）What do we learn from Paragraphs 5-6？
A．Our mood is connected to our blood sugar levels．
B．Taking in more sugar benefits mental health．
C．Getting caffeine is another way to relax．
D．Sugar and caffeine are all the same．
（4）What would the author suggest people do when they are tired？
A．Give up sweet food．
B．Have a bar of chocolate．
C．Do an hour of exercise．
D．Eat foods with natural sugars．

共享时间:2020-04-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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213743. （2023•高陵一中•高二下期中） For many years there's been a debate about rewarding our children．Does it work？Is it effective？
   Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward．Punishment is given out in much the same way，but it's used when certain standards of performance，behavior，etc．have not been met．Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment，and work harder when promised a valuable reward．The problem is what happens when you aren't around．
   To develop responsible，self-disciplined（自律） kids，parents need to promote certain ideas．One of these ideas is that everyone pitches in（参与） and helps in your family．Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so．When a task is for a worthy cause （our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it），this message can have a big impact（影响）．
   This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility．When our children develop this responsibility，they'll be more disciplined，and they'll control their emotions better．When we give rewards to our kids，we reduce the sense of responsibility．We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard，but who aren't likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them．
   "Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while，but they cannot change the person who engages in（参与） the behavior，" said Alfie Kohn，author of Punished by Rewards． "Good values have to be grown from the inside out．" Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time．The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them-a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline responsibility．So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself，and let your kids find their own rewards．

（1）According to the passage，when children are threatened with punishment，       ．
A．they may lose interest in their work
B．they may appear to be well-behaved
C．they may change to another person
D．the results will be worse than usual
（2）The underlined part "the carrot" in Paragraph 4 probably refers to       ．
A．rewards
B．aims
C．apologies
D．doubts
（3）According to the passage，Alfie Kohn would agree that parentould       ．
A．never pay attention to the way their children do things
B．show their children how to behave by example
C．never punish their children
D．help their children establish good values
（4）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Do you often reward your children？
B．Should parents reward their children？
C．When should parents reward their children？
D．What can parents reward their children with？

共享时间:2023-05-20 难度:2 相似度:2

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213627. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期中） Imagine being handed a fake（假的）pill by your doctor to treat an illness．You would be pretty mad if you found out the pill was not a real medication，wouldn't you？Better yet，imagine the doctor tells you the pill is fake．At that point，you'd probably question whether the doctor even knows his staff at all．But wait，there's more to the story．
   Ted Kaptchuk of Harvard University conducted an experiment to help treat irritable bowel syndrome（肠过敏性综合征）pain in 2010，in which he clearly marked the patients' pills as "placebo"（安慰剂），or fake．Unbelievably，the group that was aware that it was receiving the placebo reported significant improvement in their condition．
   Many of you probably know about the placebo effect．It's the idea that giving patients an ineffective treatment -such as a sugar pill-for their condition might actually produce beneficial effects．
   Why does it work？We don't really know．One theory is that the placebo causes your brain to have a response that flows down to other parts of the body．Placebos presented as stimulants（兴奋剂）tend to increase the heart rate and blood pressure，and those presented as depressants do the opposite．
   In fact，the placebo effect can be compared to the experience of watching a horror movie．Although you know that what you're seeing isn't actually real，you most likely experience some pretty real effects such as increase in the heart rate and sweating．
   Kaptchuk's work differed from the traditional placebo effect，in that he told the patients that the pill they were receiving was not real medicine．When the patients have this knowledge，the term "open-label placebo" is used．The resulting improvement' proved that in many cases，patients don't need to be tricked in order for the desired effects of a placebo to take place．In fact，the fake medication helped some patients so much that they requested additional pills after the experiment was over．
   Of course，the natural question is：was this an extraordinary medical phenomenon，or just plain luck？That's why Kaptchuk and his team are attempting to do a seven-week trial before introducing the results to cancer survivors to treat severe tiredness caused by the aftereffects of the disease．

（1）The first paragraph of the article implies that       ．
A．doctors have poor medical ethics
B．fake medicines are sold in hospitals
C．patients don't really trust doctors
D．we may have a wrong idea of fake pills
（2）According to the passage，"the placebo effect" refers to the idea of       ．
A．taking fake pills to feel much better
B．using sugar pills to treat the patients
C．benefiting patients with real medicines
D．treating patients in an ineffective way
（3）What is the writer going to discuss next？
A．Why does the placebo effect work in real life？
B．How will they carry out the seven-week trial？
C．Will a fake medication really exist in the world？
D．Are patients being totally treated with fake pills？

共享时间:2023-05-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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202692. （2020•西安中学•二模） Lego is considering a brick rental plan in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste．The Danish toymaker has promised to make all its bricks from sustainable sources by 2030 and is investing significant resources into finding alternatives．
   Tim Brooks，vice-president responsible for sustainability，said the company was "totally open" to the idea of a product rental plan but admitted that lost pieces could produce a significant problem． "What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again？" Mr．Brooks added．
   "There is a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done．We are right at beginning of that．" Mr．Brooks said Lego was exploring several ideas with a view to producing the highest value from products while consuming the least amount of resources．He said many would "probably never see the light of day" and there was no current plan to try out a rental plan．
   Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint among growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment．It produces 19 billion pieces per year - 36，000 a minute - that are made entirely of plastic while much of the inside packaging is also plastic．
   So far，the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane．The green trees，plants and flowers were first included in Lego sets late last year but make up only 1%-2% of the total amount of plastic elements produced．Henrik Nielson，a production supervisor in Lego's factory，said last year： "We need to learn again how to do this．"
   Lego reportedly releases around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year，with about 75% coming from raw materials that go into factories．The company has invested more than 100，000，000 euros and hired 100 people to research non-plastic alternatives．It is aiming to keep all of its packaging out of landfill by 2025．

（1）Lego is making great efforts to        ．
A．promote its brick rental plan
B．raise its production efficiency
C．explore ways to reduce plastic waste
D．develop new products
（2）The underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably means "        "．
A．run smoothly
B．come into existence
C．become totally useless
D．go against nature
（3）The writer tells of Lego's stress of reducing plastic waste by means of        ．
A．figures
B．examples
C．comparison
D．classification
（4）What is Lego's attitude towards developing non-plastic alternatives？
A．Defensive．
B．Determined．
C．Disapproving．
D．Doubtful．

共享时间:2020-03-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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219880. （2019•西安中学•高三上一月） We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style．That's bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things．
   To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device．This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s．
   Devices were grouped by generation．Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997．And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readerowed up in 2007．
   As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones． "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher．The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007．We're not just keeping these old devices - we continue to use them．According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window．
   So what's the solution？The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing．They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%．

（1）What does the author think of new devices？
A．They are environment-friendly．
B．They are no better than the old．
C．They cost more to use at home．
D．They go out of style quickly．
（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research？
A．To reduce the cost of minerals．
B．To test the life cycle of a product．
C．To update consumers on new technology．
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices．
（3）Which of the following uses the least energy？
A．The box-set TV．
B．The tablet．
C．The LCD TV．
D．The desktop computer．
（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？
A．Stop using them．
B．Take them apart．
C．Upgrade them．
D．Recycle them．

共享时间:2019-10-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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218232. （2023•西安三中•高一上二月） Online，English has become a common language for users from around the world．In the process，the language itself is changing．There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide．Some language experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the internet-but in forms very different to what we accept and recognize as English today．
   That's because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers．And increasingly，they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers，particularly on the internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don't have to worry about their accent （口音）．
   Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different "Englishes" including Indian English，Spanish English and Korean English．While these different styles have long existed within their cultures，they're now expanding and coming online．Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary．And most large companies have English websites，while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language-English-to reach global customers．
   The increasing popularity of the internet allows more languages to develop quickly．
   "Most people actually speak several languages-it's less common to only speak one， " says Mr．Munro． "English has taken its place as the world's common language，but it's not pushing out other languages．" Instead，other languages are pushing their way into English，and in the process creating something new．

（1）What does the text mainly talk about？
A．English is a common language around the world．
B．There are now many different language styles．
C．English language is developing with the Internet．
D．Smaller businesses are learning a common language．
（2）Which of the following is NOT true about online communication？
A．People need to spell exactly．
B．Grammar is not so important．
C．People do not care about their accent．
D．Most English-speakers are not native speakers．
（3）What can we infer from the text？
A．We can only communicate online in English．
B．It's impossible to find all the English words in the dictionary．
C．Some technology companies start to publish English dictionaries．
D．Smaller businesses are not allowed to have English websites．
（4）What can we learn from what Mr．Munro said？
A．The other languages are enriching English．
B．One can't live well without speaking several languages．
C．English will become the only language in the world．
D．Chinese used to be the world's common language．

共享时间:2023-12-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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202787. （2020•西安中学•八模） Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls．But it might be time to unlearn that training - this summer，a group of culture addicts，artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island．
   The project is called Writing On It All，and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013．
   "Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons，or they just kind of happen to be there，" Alexandra Chasin，artistic director of Writing On It All，tells Smithsonian．com．
   The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers．Each session has a theme，and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art．This year，the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile （流放）．
   Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes．Now known as "New York'ared space for art and play，" the island，which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay，is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals，picnics，adventures，as well as these "legal graffiti（涂鸦）" sessions．
   The notes and art scribbled（涂画） on the walls are an experiment in self-expression．So far，participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85．Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing，rather than the text that ends up getting written，some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her．
   "One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls，" says Chasin，explaining that in one room，people wrote down the names of those killed because of it． "People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages．"

（1）What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do？
A．Unlearn their training in drawing．
B．Participate in a state graffiti show．
C．Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti．
D．Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house．
（2）What did the project participants do during the 2016 season？
A．They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind．
B．They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session．
C．They learned the techniques of collaborative writing．
D．They were required to cooperate with other creators．
（3）What kind of place is Governor's Island？
A．It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists．
B．It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles．
C．It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles．
D．It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round．
（4）What does Chasin say about the project？
A．It just focused on the sufferings of black females．
B．It helped expand the influence of graffiti art．
C．It has started the career of many creative artists．
D．It has created some meaningful artistic works．

共享时间:2020-06-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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202832. （2020•西工大附中•四模） At the first Olympic marathon in 1896，athletes ran a shorter course than today's 42.2-kilometer event．Even so，only the winner finished within three hours．However，runners have improved，and one expert predicted last year that the two-hour mark would be broken in 2028．
   On Oct 12，Eliud Kipchoge came in ahead of schedule - literally．The 34-year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours．Clocking in at 1：59：40，Kipchoge pumped his chest and even sped up after crossing the finish line as he ran happily to his wife． "No one is limited．Thiows the positivity of sport，" Kipchoge told the BBC after the race in Vienna，Austria． "Together when we run，we can make it a beautiful world．"
   Apart from Kipchoge's strong willpower and outstanding physical condition，a few tricks of science and technology helped him reach this milestone in human athletic achievement．
   Hills and turns slow runners down，so Kipchoge's team picked the course in Vienna for its gentle curves （弯曲度）．
   The city's cool and dry weather was also important，said Wired．The magazine talked to exercise physiologists，who think the weather helped keep Kipchoge's body running more efficiently throughout the race．
   A special pair of shoes also played a big part．According to The New York Times，the shoes Kipchoge wore were designed to give a significant edge （优势） to anyone wearing them in a race．
   One other key to this breakthrough was Kipchoge's pacing strategy．He ran with a dream team of pacers， deployed by sports scientists．Five runners formed a V-shape ahead of Kipchoge，reducing drag （阻力），and two runners followed directly behind to push him forward．Kipchoge stayed in the center of the formation．The team rotated （轮换） members every five kilometers，and he stayed under a two-hour pace for almost the entire length of the race．There was also a pace car driving 15 meters in front of everyone，casting a laser （激光） line on the road to keep them on track．
   "Few world records today are technology free，" noted The Telegraph．Hard work and dedication are still the core （核心） of athletic achievement，but science and technology are helping modern athletes maximize their potential．

（1）Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs？
A．42.2-kilometer marathon first started in 1896．
B．Eliud Kipchoge is predicted to break the record in 2028．
C．Eliud Kipchoge won the Olympic champion at 1：59：40．
D．Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya set a new marathon record in less than two hour．
（2）What factor does not benefit Eliud Kipchoge in the challenge？
A．His strong willpower．
B．Physiologists' talk．
C．His extraordinary physical condition．
D．Special running shoes．
（3）What's the closest explanation of the underlined word？
A．follow
B．monitor
C．arrange
D．motivate
（4）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Running into record books．
B．How to maximize one's athletic potential．
C．Few world record today are technology free．
D．Eliud Kipchoge's outstanding sports achievements．

共享时间:2020-04-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2020-06-10

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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2019-2020学年陕西省西安铁一中学高二（下）月考英语试卷（二）

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