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202082. （2022•西安中学•六模） Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults．Key skill set for success is persistence（毅力），a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers．Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence．
   BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years．And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school．
   "There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，" Padilla-Walker said．"This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success．"
   Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style．Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian：rigid，demanding or controlling．Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics：children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy（自主权）．
   In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting．A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school．
   This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes．Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research．

（1）What is special about the BYU professors' study？
A．It was based on a number of large families．
B．It centered on fathers' role in parenting．
C．It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles．
D．It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school．
（2）What would an authoritative father do when raising his children？
A．Ignore their demands．
B．Make decisions for them．
C．Explain the rules to them．
D．Control their behaviors．
（3）Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers？
A．Children aged from 11 to 14．
B．Single parents．
C．Authoritarian fathers．
D．Mothers in two-parent homes．
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A．Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers．
B．Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future．
C．Family Relationship Influences School Performance．
D．Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father．

共享时间:2022-05-18 难度:2

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社会，议论文，

[答案]

BCBD

[解析]

（1）B．细节理解题．根据第一段最后一句Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence．（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知，杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色．故选B．
（2）C．推理判断题．根据第四段中Rather ，an authoritative parenting style indudes some of the following characteristics：children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy．（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征：孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知，一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则．故选C．
（3）B．细节理解题．根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefts of persistence ，which is an avenue of future research．（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知，根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点．故选B．
（4）D．标题判断题．根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that over time ，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence ，which leads to better outcomes in school．（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选D选项"孩子们倾向于向父亲学习坚持不懈的精神"最符合文章标题．故选D．

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202692. （2020•西安中学•二模） Lego is considering a brick rental plan in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste．The Danish toymaker has promised to make all its bricks from sustainable sources by 2030 and is investing significant resources into finding alternatives．
   Tim Brooks，vice-president responsible for sustainability，said the company was "totally open" to the idea of a product rental plan but admitted that lost pieces could produce a significant problem． "What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again？" Mr．Brooks added．
   "There is a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done．We are right at beginning of that．" Mr．Brooks said Lego was exploring several ideas with a view to producing the highest value from products while consuming the least amount of resources．He said many would "probably never see the light of day" and there was no current plan to try out a rental plan．
   Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint among growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment．It produces 19 billion pieces per year - 36，000 a minute - that are made entirely of plastic while much of the inside packaging is also plastic．
   So far，the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane．The green trees，plants and flowers were first included in Lego sets late last year but make up only 1%-2% of the total amount of plastic elements produced．Henrik Nielson，a production supervisor in Lego's factory，said last year： "We need to learn again how to do this．"
   Lego reportedly releases around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year，with about 75% coming from raw materials that go into factories．The company has invested more than 100，000，000 euros and hired 100 people to research non-plastic alternatives．It is aiming to keep all of its packaging out of landfill by 2025．

（1）Lego is making great efforts to        ．
A．promote its brick rental plan
B．raise its production efficiency
C．explore ways to reduce plastic waste
D．develop new products
（2）The underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably means "        "．
A．run smoothly
B．come into existence
C．become totally useless
D．go against nature
（3）The writer tells of Lego's stress of reducing plastic waste by means of        ．
A．figures
B．examples
C．comparison
D．classification
（4）What is Lego's attitude towards developing non-plastic alternatives？
A．Defensive．
B．Determined．
C．Disapproving．
D．Doubtful．

共享时间:2020-03-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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202615. （2020•西安中学•一模） While many countries love their tea，UK citizens are particularly proud of being "tea people"．The average UK citizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year．
   Tea only made its way to England in large quantities in the first years of the 17th century．Tea from China and a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely in England at that time．Then tea was getting more and more popular among different social classes．
   There are many varieties of tea．Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in the UK．Black tea is dark in colour，because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize （氧化） before drying．This is why we usually serve it with milk，although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon．You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves，served up in a pot，and poured into the best china cups with saucers （茶托） for visitors．
   Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today，but it seems to be on the decrease．The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002，and has been dropping ever since．Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone，and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea．More than ￡1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013，more than twice what was spent on tea bags．
   Still， what goes around comes around；it's sure to become fashionable again．

（1）Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs？
A．Tea made its way to England in the early years of the 16th century．
B．The UK usually serves black tea with lemon．
C．Tea from China was being sold more widely in England now．
D．UK citizens take pride in being "tea people"．
（2）What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？
A．Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone．
B．Since 2002，the sales of tea has been on the decrease．
C．In 2013，the money spent on tea was ￡3 billion．
D．Most restaurants sell more coffee than tea nowadays．
（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph？
A．It can never succeed again．
B．The tea can become popular again．
C．Coffee is more popular than tea．
D．The tea is becoming less popular．
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？
A．To introduce tea in the UK．
B．To show the author's preference for tea．
C．To introduce the functions of tea．
D．To compare tea in China and UK．

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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202787. （2020•西安中学•八模） Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls．But it might be time to unlearn that training - this summer，a group of culture addicts，artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island．
   The project is called Writing On It All，and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013．
   "Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons，or they just kind of happen to be there，" Alexandra Chasin，artistic director of Writing On It All，tells Smithsonian．com．
   The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers．Each session has a theme，and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art．This year，the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile （流放）．
   Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes．Now known as "New York'ared space for art and play，" the island，which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay，is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals，picnics，adventures，as well as these "legal graffiti（涂鸦）" sessions．
   The notes and art scribbled（涂画） on the walls are an experiment in self-expression．So far，participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85．Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing，rather than the text that ends up getting written，some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her．
   "One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls，" says Chasin，explaining that in one room，people wrote down the names of those killed because of it． "People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages．"

（1）What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do？
A．Unlearn their training in drawing．
B．Participate in a state graffiti show．
C．Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti．
D．Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house．
（2）What did the project participants do during the 2016 season？
A．They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind．
B．They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session．
C．They learned the techniques of collaborative writing．
D．They were required to cooperate with other creators．
（3）What kind of place is Governor's Island？
A．It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists．
B．It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles．
C．It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles．
D．It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round．
（4）What does Chasin say about the project？
A．It just focused on the sufferings of black females．
B．It helped expand the influence of graffiti art．
C．It has started the career of many creative artists．
D．It has created some meaningful artistic works．

共享时间:2020-06-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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203035. （2017•铁一中学•一模） The following passage is adapted from the writings of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist．
   Any scientist who is not a pretender will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery．A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments（组织碎片），which were very difficult to work with，were injected into mice of different DNA strains．If we had been more experienced，we would have injected only white blood cells （which would have been easier to handle） into the mice．We now know that if we had done this，we would not have made the discovery．Obviously，we were lucky，but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident．
   It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a significant role in scientific discovery．However，I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons：we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds；but if we describe such an event as luck，what word shall we use to describe the accidental discovery of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one just on a park bench？
   The two cases are quite different．A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize．This individual has，so to speak，purchased candidacy（候选资格）for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities．So it is with scientists．A scientist is anyone who，by observations and experiments conducted，by the literature read，and even by the company kept，puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery．These individuals，by deliberate action，have enormously enlarged their awareness-their candidacy for good fortune-and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret．
   Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind，and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of effort and reflection．If these efforts lead to a discovery，then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck．
（1）The outcome of the experiment described in paragraph one suggests that
A．luck play an insignificant part in scientific discovery
B．the injection of only while blood cells allowed the two scientists to make their discovery
C．It was difficult to inject little tissue fragments into mice of different DNT strains
D．the scientists concerned in the experiment were able to benefit from luck
（2）The author uses the example of the lottery winner in order to suggest that
A．blind luck occurs more frequently than people realize
B．luck plays a more important part in most events than people realize
C．luck is not the correct term to use when referring to a significant scientific discovery
D．luck is the best word to be used to describe the accidental discovery in science
（3）The author implies that a scientist achieves " candidacy for good fortune" by
A．making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
B．depending on feelings rather than on scientific research
C．performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
D．obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
（4）The primary purpose of the passage is to
A．make a single definition of luck
B．show that scientists discover what they intend to find
C．compare scientific discovery to a lottery game
D．discuss the role of luck in science

共享时间:2017-03-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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203806. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末） It was a village in India．The people were poor．However，they were not unhappy．After all，their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries．
   Then one day，some visitors from the city arrived．They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs．However，they did not have enough frogs of their own，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places．
   This seemed like money for nothing．There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were no use to the villagers．All they had to do was catch them．Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs．Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money．For the first time，the people were able to dream of a better future．But the dream didn't last long．
   The change was hardly noticed at first，but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well．More worrying was that the children fell ill more often，and，there seemed to be more insects around lately．
   The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak．They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides （杀虫剂） and medicines．Soon there was no money left．
   Then the people realized what was happening．It was the frog．They hadn't been useless．They had been doing an important job-eating insects．Now with so many frogs killed，the insects were increasing more rapidly．They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases．
   Now，the people are still poor．But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs．These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning．

（1）From Paragraph 1，we learn that the villagers       ．
A．worked very hard for centuries
B．dreamed of having a better life
C．were poor but somewhat content
D．lived a different life from their forefathers
（2）Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs？
A．The frogs were easy money．
B．They needed money to buy medicine．
C．They wanted to please the visitors．
D．The frogs made too much noise．
（3）What might be the cause of the children's sickness？
A．The crops didn't do well．
B．There were too many insects．
C．The visitors brought in diseases．
D．The pesticides were overused．
（4）What can we infer from the last sentence of the text？
A．Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country．
B．Health is more important than money．
C．The harmony between man and nature is important．
D．Good old days will never be forgotten．

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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204375. （2023•铁一中学•高三上期末） Leftover again？Hurray Here's the deal：You're as hungry as a horse and you want a delicious meal from a fine restaurant，but you're a little low on funds．
   So what do you do？If you happen to live in Europe，the answer is as easy as pie：You pull out your smartphone or tablet，and tap Too Good To Go，Europe's most popular app．Approximately 23，000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost．
   Why all this incredible generosity？Unbelievably，one-third of the world's food is thrown away，and nearly one billion people don't have enough to eat．Besides，burning wasted food releases harmful carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere，which contributes to climate change．That's why environment-minded companies around the world are creating apps for phones，tablets，and other smart devices that connect uneaten food with people who want or need it．
   After a long day at work，Anne，a 34-year-old student，pulls out her smartphone and chooses a noodle dish-pasta with mushrooms．Then she heads to a restaurant on the banks of the Spree River，where the owner packs her dinner and also offers her a scoop of free ice cream，which is a reward for bringing her own container．
   Indeed，there are many programs serving the same mission around the world．In America，people are using an app called Food for All．One hour before a restaurant closes，its staff can post leftover meals to the app for up to 80 percent off menu prices．The app also allows customers to donate leftover meals to others．
   In the Netherlands，77，000 people have downloaded an app called NoFoodWasted．This program allows grocery store workers to share products that are approaching their expiration dates with customers who might need them．
   Some countries are taking their commitment to reducing food waste a step further．France and the Czech Republic，for example，have laws that prohibit restaurants and grocery stores from throwing away food．Instead，workers are required to donate that food to charity．
    So think about if there might be a better use for your uneaten vegetables．The planet will thank you．

（1）What is this passage mainly about？
A．Restaurants can post leftover meals on the app Food for All．
B．Apps are designed connecting leftover food with people in need．
C．Storeare food approaching their expiration dates with customers．
D．It's popular for people to claim food that might otherwise be thrown away．
（2）What is the result when lots of food is thrown out and later burned up？
A．Carbon dioxide is given off，worsening the problem of climate change．
B．Some countries have laws making restaurants donate the food they make．
C．Governments have made many apps that let people find cheap meals．
D．Nearly one billion people on the planet do not get enough food to eat．
（3）What can you infer from the passage？
A．Anne packed a tasty pasta and mushroom dish to give away to charity．
B．The restaurant Anne visits sells its leftover food at a discount each day．
C．The 80-percent-off deal offered on app is not available during lunch hours．
D．Laws have been passed to prevent restaurants from throwing out leftover food．
（4）This passage would be most useful for a student research project on       ．
A．application of technology to help solve the problem of leftover food
B．laws to help promote the safe transportation and sale of food products
C．restaurants using high-tech solutions to reduce packaging waste
D．methods to design apps that connect restaurants with customers

共享时间:2023-02-20 难度:2 相似度:2

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202834. （2020•西工大附中•四模） Spring is coming，and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs．Competition is tough，so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices．Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us，but the workplace may not．
   A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos（文身）nose rings，or certain dress styles．It is true you can't judge a book by its cover，yet people do "cover" themselves in order to convey certain messages．What we wear，including tattoos and nose rings，is an expression of who we are．Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances，so do companies．Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons，but the main concern is often about what customers accept．
   Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom，but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money．Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees，because those people represent the companies to their customers．
   As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers．There are plenty of well-qualified candidates，so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers．Even though I am open-minded，I can't expect all our customers are．
   There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer．No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards，as long as its standards are legal．

（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2？
A．People's appearances carry message about themselves．
B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies．
C．Candidates with tattoos or nose ringould be fairly treated．
D．Strange dress styleould not be encouraged in the workplace．
（2）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview．
B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies．
C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates．
D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
A．Employees Matter
B．Personal Choices Matter
C．Appearances Matter
D．Hiring Managers Matter
（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as       ．
A．enthusiastic
B．negative
C．positive
D．sympathetic

共享时间:2020-04-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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202614. （2020•西安中学•一模） My kids sit in Gee's living room and respectfully lift antique Christmas ornaments out of a cardboard box．They giggle at Ann，who is a foreign character to them．Gee stands beside them，quietly explaining each treasure．She tells me that she and Tom built their ornament collection piece by piece．She smiles as we leave with the box．
   We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our marriage．Someone had been returning our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day，and Jim and I had wondered who．Then one day we spotted him：an elderly man who lived across the street．
   I baked cookies and left them outside with a thank-you note．When we got home that day，a typed letter had replaced the gift．The letter was from Tom and explained back when he'd been fighting a war，neighbors had taken the time to handle the garbage cans for his young wife，Gee，and he never forgot．Now he paid it forward by doing the same for all of us．
   A few years after we'd moved in，Tom died．We photocopied that letter and attached it to one of our own for Gee．We told her how special Tom had been to us．She wrote back and told ue still talked to Tom every day．
   These days，we're piling up boxes of our own．We're planning a move．We know it's time to go，and yet we can't seem to stick the For Sale sign up on the lawn．It's not just Gee．It's the man who lets our kids pick peaches off the tree in his front yard．It's the ladies who leave overflowing baskets for our kids on Easter．
   Jim and I agree to wait until January．This Christmas，we'll decorate our tree with Gee's ornaments，out of the box labeled in Tom's handwriting．Maybe I'll talk to him just as Gee still does．Thank you，I'll say，for teaching us what it means to be a neighbor．

（1）What can we infer from the first paragraph？
A．The kids thought little of these antique Christmas ornaments．
B．The kids were fond of these antique Christmas ornaments．
C．The kids were afraid of these antique Christmas ornaments．
D．The kids had no interest in these antique Christmas ornaments．
（2）Which of the following is true about Tom？
A．He fought a war from which the author suffered a lot．
B．He first met the author at her wedding．
C．He was an elderly man whose job was handling garbage cans．
D．He helped to handle his neighbors' garbage cans secretly．
（3）The underlined part in Paragraph 3 can probably be replaced by       ．
A．passed …down
B．gave …away
C．turned …over
D．called …off
（4）What could be the best title of this passage？
A．What Tom Did for us
B．Why we Didn't Want to Move
C．What it Really Means to Be a Neighbor
D．How Neighbors Help Each Other

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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205454. （2020•西安中学•高二上期末） Young mumopping in the Copley Mall in downtown Boston-month found themselves being questioned about their use of soap by students from Harvard Business School usually known as HBS．The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money．They were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch an antibacterial cleanser．
   The 900 students arriving in Boston this summer for their two-year course were told that they would be subjects．The new practical addition to HBS's curriculum is known as "FIELD" that stands for Field Immersion Experiences for Leadership Development．Fieldwork---ie，going out and talking to people---is a big change for HBS．
   Not all the staff and students were overjoyed to be experimented on．But the man responsible，Nitin Nohria，head of HBS，says that "If it works，the FIELD method could become an equal partner to the case method．"
   What happens in the second year of the new course is still being worked out．But the first year has three elements．First，team-building exercises．Students take turns to lead a group engaged in a project．They learn to cooperate and to give and take feedback．Second，students will be sent to work for a week with one of more than 140 firms in 11 countries．In the third part of the course，students will be given eight weeks，and seed money of ＄3，000 each，to launch a small company．The most successful，as voted by their fellow students，will get more funding．The experiment does not come cheap，adding 5-10% to the course's cost，which HBS will bear while it figures out what works．

（1）Why were the students questioning those young mums，according to the first paragraph？
A．To promote an antibacterial cleanser．
B．To earn some money．
C．To prepare to help a firm to launch a product．
D．To make a study about soap．
（2）According to the plan for the first year course，the students       ．
A．will be led by a group and learn to give and take feedback．
B．will have to set up a small company and earn at least ＄3，000 within eight weeks．
C．will get more funding if his/her company is considered to be most successful by the fellow students．
D．will be sent to work with one of more than 140 firms throughout the country．
（3）What's the best title for the text？
A．A New Course．
B．Ways of Learning．
C．Learning Business in Practice．
D．Launching a New Business．

共享时间:2020-02-10 难度:2 相似度:2

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202616. （2020•西安中学•一模） Smile!It makes everyone in the room feel better because they，consciously or unconsciously，are smiling with you．Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry （模仿） allows us to empathize with and even experience other people's feelings．If we can't mirror another person's face，it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions．A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences．
   In their paper，Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood，social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin，describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves．For example，if you're with a friend who looks sad，you might "try on" that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so．In "trying on" your friend's expression，it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression．Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds．
   "You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment，and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action - you approach the person or you avoid the person，" Niedenthal says． "Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means．"
   A person's ability to recognize and "share" others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces．This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases，like facial paralysis from a stroke，or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery．Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth，because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions，you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions．
   People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage，like autism （自闭症），can experience similar challenges． "There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact，" Niedenthal says．
   Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition．A better understanding of that part，she says，will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders．

（1）According to the passage，facial mimicry helps       ．
A．experience one's own feelings clearly
B．change others' emotions quickly
C．respond to others' expressions properly
D．develop friendship with others easily
（2）We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that       ．
A．people with motor diseases may also suffer from autism
B．people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions
C．people with social disorders can't have eye contact with others
D．people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces
（3）According to Niedenthal，the next step of the study will focus on       ．
A．how we can treat brain disorders
B．what can be done to regain facial mimicry
C．how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring
D．what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression
（4）The passage is written to       ．
A．discuss how people react positively to others' smiles
B．draw people's attention to those with social disorders
C．introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition
D．explain how emotional mirroring affects people's empathy

共享时间:2020-03-13 难度:2 相似度:2

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202633. （2020•西安中学•四模） Do you believe that blood types can determine your personality？People in Japan take blood types very seriously，according to a recent BBC report．They have big implications for life，work and love． "What's your blood type？" is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to job applications．
   Last year，four of Japan's top 10 best-sellers were about how blood type determines personality，selling more than 5 million copies altogether．Why is it such a popular belief that they determine one's character？Taku Kabeya，chief editor，the publisher of one of the books，told The Huffington Post that he thought the appeal of these books comes from having one's self-image confirmed．Readers discover the definition of their blood type and "It's like 'Yes，that's me!'" A popular reason often given about the craze is that in a relatively homogenous （一致） society，it provides a simple framework to divide people up into easily recognizable groups． "Being the same is considered a good thing here in Japanese society，" translator Chie Kobayashi told the BBC． "But we enjoy finding little differences that distinguish people．"
   As defined by the books，type As are sensitive perfectionists and good team players，but they tend to be over-anxious．Type Os are curious and generous but stubborn，while ABs are artistic but also mysterious and unpredictable．Type Bs are cheerful，but have eccentric （怪癖的），individualistic and selfish traits （特点）．
   The beliefs surrounding blood groups have been used in unusual ways．The women's softball team that won gold for Japan at the Beijing Olympics is reported to have used blood type theories to design training for each player．Major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on employees' blood types，for example，in 1990 the Asahi Daily newspaper reported that Mitsubishi Electronics （日本三菱电器） had announced the creation of a team made up entirely of A workers．

（1）What is the popular belief in Japan according to the passage？
A．Being the same is considered a good thing．
B．Blood types can determine personality．
C．Happy marriage is based on personality．
D．It is fashionable to buy top 10 best-sellers．
（2）What does the underlined word craze in the second paragraph probably mean？
A．fashion
B．behavior
C．attraction
D．habit
（3）Why did Mitsubishi Electronics hire so many workers with blood type A？
A．Because they are mysterious artistic and unpredictable．
B．Because they are perfectionists，good team players．
C．Because they are curious and generous but stubborn．
D．Because they are cheerful，but have eccentric traits．
（4）This passage is likely to be selected from a book of       ．
A．medicine
B．teamwork
C．geography
D．culture

共享时间:2020-04-26 难度:2 相似度:2

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202653. （2020•西安中学•三模） Perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now because robots are used to inspect crops，dig up weeds，and even have become shepherds，too．Commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of many hours to operate．One prime example is one of Australia's most isolated cattle stations，Suplejack Downs in the Northern Territory，extending across 4，000 square kilometers，taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town - Alice Springs．
   The extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattended，and monitored only once or twice a year，which means if the livestock （家畜） falls ill or requires assistance，it can be a long time for farmers to discover．
   However，robots are coming to the rescue．Robots are currently under a two-year trial in Wales which will train "farmbots" to herd，monitor the health of livestock，and make sure there is enough pasture （牧草地） for them to graze on．The robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment，cattle and food，using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature．
   During the trials，the robot algorithms and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees，mud，swamps，and hills．
   "We want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free，" says Salah Sukkarieh of the University of Sydney，who will carry out trials on several farms in central New South Wales．
   The robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock．They have been created to count individual fruit，inspect crops，and even pull weeds．
   Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side．The robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages，and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize （优化） the performances and tasks of the robot，as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms．
   Of course，some worry lies in replacing agricultural workers．However，it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies （空缺），making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations．
   The robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways，from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit．Future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently．

（1）What will "farmbots" be expected to do？
A．Take up many of the farmers' routines．
B．Provide medical treatments for livestock．
C．Lead the trend in farming the world over．
D．Improve the quality of pastures for grazing．
（2）What can robots do when equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms？
A．Help farmers choose the most efficient and safest passages．
B．Help farmers simplify their farming tasks and management．
C．Allow farmers to learn instantly what is occurring on the farm．
D．Allow farmers to give them real-time instructions on what to do．
（3）Why are farmers pressing for robotic farming？
A．Farming costs are fast increasing．
B．Robotics technology is maturing．
C．Robotic fanning is the trend．
D．Labor shortage is worsening．
（4）What does the author think future farms will be like？
A．More and more automated．
B．More and more productive．
C．Larger and larger in scale．
D．Better and better in condition．

共享时间:2020-04-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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202654. （2020•西安中学•三模） It happens from time to time that after a whole morning of studying，you are tired in the afternoon．It's then that you might want to eat something sweet，perhaps a Coke or a chocolate bar，to lift your mood．After all it's popularly believed that a "sugar rush" gives us energy．
   But a study published in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews in April suggests that sugar can make us feel worse rather than boost our moods．
   The German and UK researchers collected data from 31 studies involving nearly 1，300 adults．They studied the effect of sugar on various aspects of mood，including anger，alertness，depression and tiredness．
   They found that people who have too much sugar become more tired and less alert within an hour and that these feelings become more intense over time．
   According to the researchers，when people take in sugar their blood sugar levels rise rapidly，leading to a burst of energy and a short "feel good" period．However，as they begin to digest the sugar，their blood sugar levels decrease quickly leading to a bad feeling．
   To remain on a "high" people are likely to eat more and more sugar until they become addicted to it．As with caffeine，this prevents the body from relaxing，leaving people feeling tired and less alert．
   But the study findings needn't make us think we must give up sweet food altogether．According to the World Health Organization，it is healthy to have the sugars found naturally in fruit，vegetables and milk so long as these make up less than 5 percent of daily total energy intake．
   So the next time you feel tired and can't concentrate，perhaps you should think twice before you bite into a chocolate bar．Maybe a spot of exercise at midday would be a better idea!
   Tips for beating afternoon fatigue．
   ? Head outside and sit in the daylight for 10 minutes．
   ? Get into the routine of a mid-afternoon cup of tea．
    ? Plan group activities for midday．
   ? Add variety to your routine

（1）What does the underlined word "boost" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．harm
B．improve
C．control
D．change
（2）How did the people feel after they had sugar in the study？
A．They felt more tired．
B．They felt relaxed．
C．They were more alert．
D．They felt energetic．
（3）What do we learn from Paragraphs 5-6？
A．Our mood is connected to our blood sugar levels．
B．Taking in more sugar benefits mental health．
C．Getting caffeine is another way to relax．
D．Sugar and caffeine are all the same．
（4）What would the author suggest people do when they are tired？
A．Give up sweet food．
B．Have a bar of chocolate．
C．Do an hour of exercise．
D．Eat foods with natural sugars．

共享时间:2020-04-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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202832. （2020•西工大附中•四模） At the first Olympic marathon in 1896，athletes ran a shorter course than today's 42.2-kilometer event．Even so，only the winner finished within three hours．However，runners have improved，and one expert predicted last year that the two-hour mark would be broken in 2028．
   On Oct 12，Eliud Kipchoge came in ahead of schedule - literally．The 34-year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours．Clocking in at 1：59：40，Kipchoge pumped his chest and even sped up after crossing the finish line as he ran happily to his wife． "No one is limited．Thiows the positivity of sport，" Kipchoge told the BBC after the race in Vienna，Austria． "Together when we run，we can make it a beautiful world．"
   Apart from Kipchoge's strong willpower and outstanding physical condition，a few tricks of science and technology helped him reach this milestone in human athletic achievement．
   Hills and turns slow runners down，so Kipchoge's team picked the course in Vienna for its gentle curves （弯曲度）．
   The city's cool and dry weather was also important，said Wired．The magazine talked to exercise physiologists，who think the weather helped keep Kipchoge's body running more efficiently throughout the race．
   A special pair of shoes also played a big part．According to The New York Times，the shoes Kipchoge wore were designed to give a significant edge （优势） to anyone wearing them in a race．
   One other key to this breakthrough was Kipchoge's pacing strategy．He ran with a dream team of pacers， deployed by sports scientists．Five runners formed a V-shape ahead of Kipchoge，reducing drag （阻力），and two runners followed directly behind to push him forward．Kipchoge stayed in the center of the formation．The team rotated （轮换） members every five kilometers，and he stayed under a two-hour pace for almost the entire length of the race．There was also a pace car driving 15 meters in front of everyone，casting a laser （激光） line on the road to keep them on track．
   "Few world records today are technology free，" noted The Telegraph．Hard work and dedication are still the core （核心） of athletic achievement，but science and technology are helping modern athletes maximize their potential．

（1）Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs？
A．42.2-kilometer marathon first started in 1896．
B．Eliud Kipchoge is predicted to break the record in 2028．
C．Eliud Kipchoge won the Olympic champion at 1：59：40．
D．Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya set a new marathon record in less than two hour．
（2）What factor does not benefit Eliud Kipchoge in the challenge？
A．His strong willpower．
B．Physiologists' talk．
C．His extraordinary physical condition．
D．Special running shoes．
（3）What's the closest explanation of the underlined word？
A．follow
B．monitor
C．arrange
D．motivate
（4）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Running into record books．
B．How to maximize one's athletic potential．
C．Few world record today are technology free．
D．Eliud Kipchoge's outstanding sports achievements．

共享时间:2020-04-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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202690. （2020•西安中学•二模） A disastrous fire surrounded Notre Dame completely destroyed large parts of the Gothic architecture on Monday．
   "Notre Dame is our history，our literature；part of our spirit，the place of all our great events，our wars，our liberations，the center of our lives" French President Emmanuel Macron told reporters in front of the still burning Paris landmark and promised to rebuild Notre Dame Cathedral．
   "Notre Dame is burning，and I know the sadness and this tremble felt by so many fellow French people．But tonight，I'd like to speak of hope too，" he said，announcing the launch of a fundraising campaign．
   "Let's be proud，because we built this cathedral more than 800 years ago，we've built it and，throughout the centuries，let it grow and improve it．So I gravely say tonight：we will rebuild it together，" he added．
   The disastrous fire engulfed the upper reaches of Paris' towering Notre Dame Cathedral as it was undergoing renovations．Tourists and Parisians looked on horrified from the streets below．France's Interior Ministry said firefighters might not be able to save the structure．
   The fire collapsed the cathedral's spire and spread to one of its landmark towers． "Everything is burning；nothing will remain from the frame，" Notre Dame spokesman Andre Finot told French media．The 12th-century cathedral is home to incalculable works of art and is one of the world's most famous tourist attractions， immortalized by Victor Hugo's 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame．
   The cause of the fire was not known，but French media quoted the Paris fire brigade as saying the fire is "potentially linked" to a 6 million-euro （＄6.88 million） renovation project on the church's spire and its 250 tons of lead．Officials opened an investigation as Paris police said there were no reported deaths．Some 400 firefighters were battling the fire well into the night．

（1）What Emmanuel Macron said mainly shows that        ．
A．Notre Dame was the symbol of Paris in history
B．the French government are going to rebuild Notre Dame
C．it took more than 800 years to build Notre Dame
D．he was desperate when he made the announcement
（2）Which of the following is true according to the text？
A．Notre Dame Cathedral was burnt down entirely．
B．The structure was well saved by the firefighters．
C．People who were killed in the fire are some firefighters．
D．The fire was likely caused by a renovation project on the church's spire．
（3）What does the underlined part probably mean？
A．The novel made the cathedral famous．
B．The cathedral is repeatedly mentioned in the novel．
C．The novel became a bestseller thanks to the cathedral．
D．The novel became more mysterious due to the cathedral．
（4）What is the tone of the author in writing the article？
A．Disappointed．
B．Humorous．
C．Matter-of-fact．
D．Critical．

共享时间:2020-03-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2022-05-18

高中英语 | | 阅读理解

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