214893.（2017•交大附中•高二上期中）Next time a customer comes to your office，offer him a cup of coffee．And when you're doing your holiday shopping online，make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea．The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth，while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions - those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A．Bargh． Psychologists have known that one person's perception（感知） of another's "warmth" is a powerful determiner in social relationships．Judging someone to be either "warm" or "cold" is a primary consideration，even trumping evidence that a "cold" person may be more capable．Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences，Bargh argues，when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them iaped by physical sensations，particularly warmth and coldness．Classic studies by Harry Harlow，published in 1958，showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth "mother" rather than one made of wire，even when the wire "mother" carried a food bottle．Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills． Feelings of "warmth" and "coldness" in social judgments appear to be universal．Although no worldwide study has been done，Bargh says that describing people as "warm" or "cold" is common to many cultures，and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries． To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth，Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students．A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses（假设），handed the students either a hot cup of coffee，or a cold drink，to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form；The drink was then handed back．After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of "Person A" based on a particular description．Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink． "We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，" says Bargh．
（1）According to Paragraph 1，a person's emotion may be affected by． A．the visitors to his office B．the psychology lessons he has C．his physical feeling of coldness D．the things he has bought online （2）The author mentions Harlow's experiment to show that． A．adultould develop social skills B．babies need warm physical contact C．caregiverould be healthy adults D．monkeys have social relationships （3）We can infer from the passage that． A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide C．physical temperature affects how we see others D．capable persons are often cold to others （4）What would be the best title for the passage？ A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships． B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation． C．Developing Better Drinking Habits． D．Physical Sensations and Emotions．
（1）C 细节理解题．根据第一段的the physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth，while acold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions身体温暖的感觉鼓励情绪温暖，而手上的冷饮阻止你做出不明智的决定．可知，人的情绪受身体对冷热的不同感受的影响，故选C． （2）B 推理判断题．根据第二段的Harlow's work and later studies have ledpsychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills．哈洛的工作和后来的研究使心理学家强调照顾者需要温暖的身体接触，帮助孩子成长为有正常社交能力的健康成人．可知婴儿需要温暖，故选B． （3）C 推理判断题．根据倒数第二段Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink．那些短暂拿着热饮的人比拿着冰镇饮料的人认为A更温暖，可推知，身体能感受到的温暖能激起情绪上温暖的感觉，所以身体的温度影响我们如何看待他人，故选C． （4）D 主旨大意题．根据全文可知，在人际关系中我们能从对方传递的热情或冷淡中感受到人间冷暖．人的情绪受身体对冷热的不同感受的影响，所以本文主要讲了身体感觉和情绪的关系，故选D．
203284.（2016•华清中学•二模）
Teens don't understand the big fuss （小题大做）．As the first generation to grow up in a wired world，they hardly know a time when computers weren't around，and they eagerly catch the chance to spend hours online，chatting with friends．So what？ But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated （孤寂），less skillful at person-to-person relationships，and perhaps numb （麻木） to the cheatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world．"And a teen's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless，"said Sherry Turkle． Another researcher，Robert Kraut，said he's worried about the"opportunity costs"（机会成本） of so much online time for youths．He found that teens who used computers，even just a few hours a week，showed increased signs of loneliness and social isolation．"Chatting online may be better than watching television，but it's worse than hanging out （闲逛） with real friends，"he said． Today's teens，however，don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives．"School is busy and full of pressure．There's almost no time to just hang out，"said Parker Rice，17．"Talking online just kills time．" Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply．Some teens admit that asking someone for a date，or breaking up，can be easier in message form，though they don't want to do so．But they insist there's no harm． （1）The researchers argue that ． A．teens may develop a different sense of values B．nothing is wrong with teens' chatting online C．teens can manage their social connections D．spending hours online does much good to teens （2）Teens think that talking online can help them ． A．use computers properly B．improve their school work C．develop an interest in social skills D．reduce their mental pressures （3）The text mainly deals with ． A．teens' pleasant online experience B．teens' computer skills and school work C．the effects of the computer world on teens D．different opinions on teens' chatting online （4）The purpose of the text is to ． A．describe computer research results B．draw attention to teens' computer habits C．suggest ways to deal with problem teens D．discuss problems teens have at school．
203320.（2016•西工大附中•七模）
Andy Steele lives just a few blocks from the campus of Black Hills State University in Spearfish，S．D．，so commuting（经常往返） to class isn't the problem．But he doesn't like lectures much，isn't a morning person，and wants time during the day to restore motorcycles． So Steele，a full-time senior business major，has been taking as many classes as he can from the South Dakota State system's online offerings．He gets better grades and learns more，he says，and insists he isn't missing out on the college experience． "I still know a lot of people from my first two years living on campus，and I still meet a lot of people，"he says．But now，he sets his own schedule． At least 2.3 million people took some kind of online courses，according to a recent survey by the Sloan Consortium，an online education group，and two-thirds of colleges offering"face-to-face"courses also offer online ones．But what were once two different types of classes are looking more and more alike and often falling into the same pool of students． At some schools，online courses originally intended for non-traditional students living far from campus have proved surprisingly popular with on-campus students．A recent study found 42 percent of the students enrolled in its distance education courses were located on campus at the university that was hosting the online courses． Numbers vary depending on the policies of particular colleges，but other schools also have students mixing and matching online and"face-to-face"credits．Motives range from lifestyle to adapting to a job schedule to getting into high-demand courses． Washington State had about 325 on-campus undergraduates taking one or more distance courses last year．As many as 9，000 students took both distance and in-person classes at Arizona State last year． "Business is really about providing choices to their customers，and that's really what we want to do，"said Sheila Aaker，extended services coordinator （协调人） at Black Hills State． Many schools，such as Washington State and Arizona State，let departments and academic units decide who can take an online course．They say students with legitimate academic needs-a conflict with another class，a course they need to graduate that is full-often get permission，though they still must take some key classes in person． （1）What is the purpose of the passage？ A．To introduce Steele to us，who prefers online courses． B．To tell us about the development of campus courses． C．To show the differences between campus courses and online courses． D．To show more on-campus students are taking online courses． （2）We can learn from the passage that Andy Steele ．
A．lives far from the campus
B．knows none of his classmates
C．wants to have his own lifestyle D．doesn't get good marks
（3）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？ A．The undergraduates attend the online courses for different purposes． B．It is expected that distance education is popular with on-campus students． C．About 325 on-campus undergraduates took online courses in Washington last year． D．Different colleges have different policies about online courses． （4）From what Sheila Aaker said in the passage，we can tell ． A．business is the most popular major in universities B．collegeould provide more majors for students C．where the similarity between business and colleges lies D．why colleges offer online courses to on-campus students．
202482.（2021•西安中学•二模）
Honeybees can't swim，and when their wings are wet，they can't fly，either.But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water，they can use their wings to produce little waves and slide toward land-like surfers（冲浪者）who create and then ride their own waves. As with many scientific advances-Isaac Newton's apple or Benjamin Franklin's lightning bolt-Dr.Roh's experiment began with a walk.Passing Caltech's Millikan Pond in 2016，he observed a bee on the water's surface producing waves.He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water. Dr.Roh and his co-worker，Morteza Gharib，used butterfly nets to collect local Pasadena honeybees and observed their surf-like movements.The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee's bodily movement，allowing close examination of their wings.They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle，pulling up water and producing a forward force.Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air.But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down.It's a tough exercise for the bees，which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity. The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn't been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic（半水生的） insects use their legs for propulsion，which is known as water-walking.It may have evolved in bees，they predicted. Dr.Roh and Dr.Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees' surfing.One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea."This could be useful for search and rescues，or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean，if you can't send a boat or helicopter，" Dr.Gharib said.
（1）What does the author intend to show by mentioning Newton and Franklin？ A．Roh's admiration for them. B．Roh's chance discovery about bees. C．Their outstanding talent for science. D．Their similar achievements in discovery. （2）What plays the most vital role in a bee's moving forward on water？ A．The air weight. B．Its leg extension. C．The water movement. D．Its continuous wingbeat. （3）What does the underlined word "propulsion" in Paragraph 4 mean？ A．Fast flight. B．Driving force. C．Pulling speed. D．Explosive power. （4）According to the last Paragraph，which of the following isn't the practical applications for bees' surfing？ A．Designing robots with the ability to travel across both sky and sea. B．Rescuing ships or saving sailors trapped in the ocean. C．Acquiring knowledge of moving samples of the surface of the ocean. D．Making helicopters in the shape of bees. （5）What does the text mainly tell us？ A．Honeybees can surf to safety. B．Bees help scientists make inventions. C．Insects can adapt to the environment. D．Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.
204554.（2023•鄠邑区•高一上期末）
Today，we are told ，children don't spend enough time in the fresh air．Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV-they seem to be living in a virtual world．They have lost touch with nature． But now 400 organizations in the UK，from playgroups to the National Health Service，are encouraging children to have some "wild time"．They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside．Activities such as building dens，climbing trees，rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do．Even if they live in a city，they can go on adventures in the garden or the park． Children often need a helping hand from mom and dad．They need to be shown what to do and where to go．Andy Simpson from National Health Service says， "We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development，independence and creativity．，by giving wild time a go"． So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now，it seems that going back to basics and experiencing "nature's playground" is what modern children need．David Bond from Project Wild Thing says， "We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine，freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted"． This might sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe，like me，it's made you think about sticking on your boots，getting outdoors and relieving your childhood．There's no age limit on enjoying yourself!
（1）What's the best title of the text？ A．Wild time for children B．Benefits of wild time C．More space for children D．Adventures of children （2）Children are encouraged to do the following activities except ． A．building dens B．climbing trees C．playing hide and seek D．watching TV （3）According to Andy Simpson，we know that ． A．wild time is hard to design B．wild time is beneficial for children C．parents know the importance of wild time D．parents like keeping their children indoors （4）What's the main idea of Paragraph 4？ A．Modern children need wild time． B．Adults value outdoor activities． C．The present world is complicated． D．This generation of kids have no freedom．
204574.（2023•鄠邑区•高二上期末）
Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching？ Low cost，dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help.Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-lowing cats in the northern Rocky Mountains.Scientists have been able to document the "private" moments of wildlife with leading technology. Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque，New Mexico.In his words， "there's no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife." Harris said some images help scientists see the effects of climate change. Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative，or WMI，are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems，or GPS.But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited，so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS.However，cameras can be left in very wild areas for days，weeks or even months.They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time. Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning.Wild video can show details about animal behavior.However，wild cameras have their problems too.Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them.Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest.Also，the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals.Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way. Even with such problems，wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.
（1）What does the underlined word "document" in paragraph 2 mean？ A．Remind B．Enrich. C．Appreciate. D．Record. （2）Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras？ A．They cannot be left in the wild over a long period. B．They cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas. C．They provide limited information. D．They might be stolen by people. （3）Why do some people argue against using wild cameras？ A．It is difficult to fix the cameras. B．It helps hunters find animals easily. C．It is hard to achieve careful planning. D．It makes animals interested in the cameras. （4）What is the author's attitude towards wild cameras？ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Uncaring.
203303.（2016•西工大附中•十模）
If you never read the classic F．Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby，now is your chance to catch up-by watching the latest film adaptation．Because if there's one sentence to sum up the film，it would be，as Fox News says in its review，"It's just like the book"． Director Baz Luhrmann's main challenge was"either to find a visual equivalent（相等物） for Fitzgerald's elegant essay--the open secret of the book's staying power--or to bend the material to his own exotic（异国的） strengths，"a Time magazine review says．He tries it both ways，with varying degrees of success． Considered to be Fitzgerald's representative work，The Great Gatsby explores themes of idealism，resistance to change，social change，and excess，creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream． Nick，the narrator，moves to New York for the summer to visit his cousin Daisy．His next-door neighbor is Jay Gatsby （Leonardo DiCaprio），who rarely contacts with others and is rumored to be a hero of the Great War．Gatsby claims to have attended Oxford University，but the evidence is suspect．As Nick learns more about Gatsby，every detail about him seems questionable，except his love for Daisy．Though Daisy is married，Gatsby still adores her as his"golden girl．"They first met when she was a young lady from a wealthy family and he was a working-class military officer．Daisy promised to wait for his return from the war．However，she married Tom，a classmate of Nick．Having obtained a great fortune，Gatsby sets out to win her back again． "All of Fitzgerald's original creation finds its way into this film，even going as far as to include quite a bit of the original dialogue，"US film critic Justin Taroli writes in his review．"The cast is beautiful as is the script，and the scenes are a visual feast，"Taroli adds． DiCaprio does a good and professional job as the socialite by recreating Fitzgerald's description of Gatsby's charm．"He can look at someone for an instant and understand how perfectly he or she wants to be seen，"David Denby，a film critic for The New Yorker，says in his review． The use of music is almost reason enough to see the film．"Luhrmann is at his best mixing visual and musical styles together to create something wholly original，"the Fox News review says． For example，in one of the most outstanding scenes in the film，the first party scene，Nick walks quickly from one party guest to another party guest trying to explain all the gossip about Gatsby until he is finally introduced to the man himself，while the most stirring version of Rhapsody in Blue （composed by American musician George Gershwin in 1924）is played in the background． （1）What did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success？ A．He adapted the story in the novel as he wished． B．He made the film more powerful than the book． C．He mixed his style with the elegance of the essay． D．He showed the elegance of the pictures in the film． （2）What is Taroli's attitude towards the film？ A．Favorable． B．Sceptical． C．Amazed． D．Unconcerned． （3）What are the characteristics of Gatsby？ A．Faithful and warm-hearted． B．Charming and professional． C．Selfish and stubborn． D．Mysterious and devoted． （4）Why does the author give the example of the first party scene in the last paragraph？ A．Unfold the fact that Nick wants to know more about Gatsby． B．Show the version of Rhapsody in Blue matches the film well． C．Prove that the director is good at combining visual and music． D．Convince us that the first scene is perfectly shot by the director．
202387.（2021•西安中学•十模）
A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently.So what is Versailles literature？ Actually，the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature.It came from The Rose of Versailles，a Japanese manga series about aristocratic（贵族化的）life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century，and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year.Known as humblebragging，it is a boast（吹牛）disguised as a complaint. "I have too many houses.How can I decide which one to decorate？" and "I thought I lost weight this morning.So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night" are some examples of Versailles literature.The intention is to show off - usually things of materialistic values，yet one ought to pretend that's not the point. As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote，"Nothing is more deceitful（欺诈的）than the appearance of humility（谦逊）." The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one's successes and be liked by others at the same time，according to scholars.In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging？published in Psychology Today，psychologist Dr.Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a "strategy in pursuit of respect" because it draws attention to one's accomplishments in a circuitous way. However，studies on social media userow that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work.In the essay Humblebragging：A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy，the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former's insincerity. "The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity.People don't like braggers，but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers，" said Francesca Gino. So，how can we annoy humblebraggers back？ "Just pretend you don't get whatever it is they try to show off，" a netizen advised. "And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints."
（1）Which of the following statements is typical of "Versailles literature"？ A．You know who my father is？My father is Li Gang. B．Got five offers to date.I'm at a loss which to choose. C．It's a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly. D．I'm fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around. （2）What is the psychology behind humblebragging？ A．To win others' sympathy. B．To earn others' admiration. C．To show his/her sincerity. D．To mask his/her complaint. （3）What does the underlined world "circuitous" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A．Roundabout. B．Straightforward. C．Ambiguous. D．Double-edged. （4）What can't be inferred from the passage？ A．Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers. B．Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble. C．To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers. D．If you want to be perceived positively，avoid using Versailles literature.
203517.（2015•西工大附中•八模）
Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did．This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize，but the smartphone． At parties，more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks．According to a recent International Data Corporation study，well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up，keeping it in hand all day．In addition，too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result，they get into car crashes．34 percent of teenagers admit to texting while driving，and they confirm that text messaging is their number one driving interruption．People's attachment to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others． Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road，many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction．When with their friends，some people pointlessly check or send text messages in the presence of a friend，which sends a message to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you．In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world．Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run． As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their massages，smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people．The quality of this technology is hindering societal achievements and weakening the value of communication．Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact（交流）face-to-face but it is also lowering society's ability to communicate．
（1）The purpose of this text is to ． A．call for an end to use the smartphone while driving B．appeal to us to pay attention to communication skills C．express a concern about the overuse of the smartphone D．advise us to be cautious about the addiction to the smartphone （2）The second paragraph is developed ． A．by examples B．by comparison C．by time D．by classification （3）What's the author's attitude towards making friends by using smartphones？ A．Neutral． B．Positive． C．Ambiguous． D．Negative． （4）Over dependence on the smartphone leads to the fact that ． A．parties and gatherings limit their social circle B．people are more and more narrow-minded C．people's communication skills are weakened D．face-to-face communication becomes less important
203407.（2016•西工大附中•七模）
Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball．Shay asked， "Do you think they'll let me play？" Shay's father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team，but the father also understood that if his son，mentally and physically disabled，were allowed to play，it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence． Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play，not expecting much．The boy looked around and said， "We're losing by six runs （分） and the game is in the eighth inning （局）．I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him in to bat in the final inning．" Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart．The boys saw the father's joy at his son being accepted． In the bottom of the eighth inning，Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three．In the top of the final inning，Shay put on a glove and played in the field．Even though no hits came his way，he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field．In the bottom of the final inning，Shay's team scored again．Now，Shay was scheduled to be next at bat．Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game？ Surprisingly，Shay was given the bat．Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible．The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed．The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay．As the pitch came in，Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher． The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game．Instead，the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman，beyond the reach of all teammates．The audience and the players from both teams started screaming， "Shay，run to first!" Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base，wide-eyed and shocked． Everyone shouted， "Run to second!" Catching his breath，Shay awkwardly ran towards second．By the time Shay rounded towards second base，the smallest guy on their team，who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time，could have thrown the ball to the second baseman，but he understood the pitcher's intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head． All were screaming， "Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay．" Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted， "Shay，run to third．" As Shay rounded third，all were on their feet，crying， "Shay，run home!" Shay ran to home，stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team． That day，the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world．Shay didn't make it to another summer and died that winter，having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!
（1）In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys ． A．believed they were sure to win the game B．would like to help Shay enjoy the game C．found Shay was so eager to be a winner D．felt forced to give Shay another chance （2）The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head，probably because that boy ． A．was obviously aware of the pitcher's purpose B．looked forward to winning the game for his team C．failed to throw the ball to the second baseman D．saw that Shay already reached second base （3）Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay's becoming the hero for this team？ A．The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman． B．The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him． C．The opposing players failed to stop his running to home． D．One of the opposing players ran to help him． （4）What do you think is the theme of the story？ A．The human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other． B．Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled． C．Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents． D．The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players．
203361.（2016•西工大附中•八模）
The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda．In fact，as far as the Ik are concerned，the family means very little．This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of drought，famine and starvation．Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others．So the old are abandoned to die．Sick and disabled children too are abandoned．The Ik attitude is that，as long as you keep the breeding group alive，you can always get more children． Ik mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old，to defend for themselves．I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out，for in the process of being cared for，he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling（背婴儿带） wherever the mother goes．Whenever the mother is in her field，she loosens the sling and lets the baby to the ground none too slowly，and laughs if it is hurt．Then she goes about her business，leaving the child there，almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off．This sometimes happens．Such behaviour does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children． Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock．It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive，savage and inhuman，and that their concept of the'family' is deeply wrong．However，sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical．We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions．In the case of the Ik，with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in-drought and famine-their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe． Moreover，some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common．British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members．For some members of our own society-for young and old alike-family life may be characterized by violence，abuse and isolation． The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts．This is not surprising，considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities．It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as'natural'．For many of us，it is a cornerstone of our social world，a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world．It is the place in which we are loved for who we are，rather than what we are．Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives．It is no wonder that we tend to hold very fierce，emotional，and perhaps irrational views about family life and how it ought to be organized．Such'taken for granted'views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience-such as those of the Ik-without making critical judgments． （1）Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage？ A．The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for． B．The old are the luxuries they should treasure． C．Their children should be abandoned when born． D．The family is the centre of their life． （2）Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik？ A．Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there． B．The children are a great burden to their family． C．The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents． D．Many children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field． （3）According to the author，both British family life and that of the Ik ． A．endear family members B．ensure longevity C．experience ups and downs D．contain negative elements （4）All of the following statements support"family is the cornerstone"EXCEPT that ． A．we pour our bad mood upon our family members B．we find we love and are loved in the family C．we believe family is the top priority in our life D．we turn to family as our harbour in heart．
204792.（2022•周至四中•高一下期末）
Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be a simple fact？Do you argue whether it's cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit （限速）？ If you get into such arguments，try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant．The first blind man who felt the elephant's trunk （象鼻） said it was like a snake．The second who felt the elephant's side said it was like a wall，while the third said it was like a spear（ 矛）as he touched the animal's tusk．The fourth，who took hold of the elephant's tail insisted that it was like a rope．The fifth man said it looked liked a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant's legs．The last，who was tall and got hold of the elephant's ears，said it was like a huge fan． Each man's idea of the animal came from his own experience．So if someone disagrees with you about a"simple fact"，it's often because his experience in the matter is different from yours． To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a"simple fact"，try this simple experiment．Get three large bowls．Put ice water in one．Put hot water in the second．Put lukewarm water （温水）in the third．Now put your left hand in the hot water．Put your right hand in the lukewarm water．Your right hand will tell you the water is cold．Your left hand will tell you it is hot．
（1）The man who touched the elephant's ears must be very．
A．heavy B．thin
C．tall
D．strong
（2）The underlined word"it"in the last line of the paragraph refers to． A．your left hand B．your right hand C．the water D．the bowl （3）What makes people think about simple facts differently？ A．People's wrong ideas． B．People's different experience． C．Simple facts are different sometimes． D．People often disagree with each other． （4）It can be inferred from the passage that we should． A．learn from the blind men B．not agree about simple facts C．never think about simple facts D．never decide anything with one side．
203341.（2016•西工大附中•九模）
In a recent announcement，Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide． Beginning this fall，a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new ＄60 million program，known as edX"Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses，"Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan． MIT has offered a program called Open Course Ware for ten years that makes materials from more than 2，000 classes free online．It has been used by more than 100 million people．In December，the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate（证书），known as MITx，for people who compete certain online course．Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program． The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform． MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120，000 people signed up for the first MITx course．She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform． "Fasten your seatbelts，"Hockfield said Other universities，including Standford，Yale and Canegie-Mellon，have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online． The Hardvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit （非盈利的） organization based in Cambridge，to be owned equally by the two countries．Both MIT and Harvard have provided 30 million to start the program．They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful．
（1）According to this text，edX is ． A．a part of the free MIT Open Course Ware． B．a free computer program by MIT and Harvard． C．a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses． D．a free program online for universities world wide． （2）What is said about online education in the text？ A．Universities have been trying online courses． B．About 2，000 online courses have been offered． C．Over 100 million people have finished courses online． D．Standford and Yale together have similar to edX． （3）The underlined part in the text probably means" "． A．Get ready for the difficulties． B．Get ready for this education change． C．Get prepared to complete the online courses． D．Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses． （4）What can be said about MITx according to the text？ A．It is first offered as part of the edX learning program． B．It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program． C．It is a standard to recognize online learners' achievement． D．It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT．
202873.（2018•西安中学•六模）
A comparison of nesting data recorded in the early 1900s with similar data today for more than200 species of California birdows that overall they are breeding（*1）5 to 12 days earlier than they did 75 to 100 years ago Earlier studies found that many but not all birds in California's mountains are moving north or to higher altitude to find cooler temperatures in the face of global warming． "The shift to earlier breeding that we detected allows birds to nest at similar temperatures as they did a century ago，and helps explain why half the bird species in the mountainous areas of California did not need to shift upward in altitude in response to climate warming over the past century，said Steven Beissinger，a UC Berkeley professor of environmental sciences． Early spring arrivals have long been noted by the public and reported by scientists，but the assumption has been that the birds are tracking resources，primarily food：with warming temperatures．plants produce leaves and seeds earlier，and insects appear earlier． The new study spotlights another major reason：by nesting a week earlier，birds produce eggs and young at a temperature about I degree Celsius lower than if they nested at the normal time in the same place．This exactly counterbalances （抵消） the approximately I degree Celsius increase in global temperatures over the past century． "By nesting a week or 10 days earlier．birds are avoiding some of the negative effects of climate warming． " Beissinger said． "The good news is that there may be more flexibility for species to respond to climate change than we thought，and not all species may need to move farther north or to higher altitudes．" he added． "But we don't know yet whether staying in place and shifting schedules earlier is a permanent solution，or only provides temporary relief from the 2 degree Celsius rise in temperatures forecast to occur． Birds may find，for example，that the window of good temperatures for breeding becomeorter．which may limit the opportunity to re-nest if they fail the first time．Larger species that have a longer nesting period might not have an enough time to complete their nests before it starts to become too warm，he said．
（1）To fight against the global warming．earlier studies found that A．some birds tried to find cooler places B．some birds failed to nest more than ever C．some birds began to produce eggs earlier D．some birds woke up earlier to catch insects （2）What can we infer from the passage？ A．Early birds catch insects and get tender leaves B．Global warming is responsible for earlier springs C．Birds are smart in adapting to the climate changes D．Birds are likely to have difficulty in breeding ways （3）What is mainly talked about in the passage A．Birds' moving north and global warming． B．Early breeding of birds and climate changes． C．Changes of birds' life and early spring arrivals． D．Birds，reaction and early appearance of foods． （4）What's Steve Beissinger's attitude to the finding according to the passage？ A．Disappointed B．Panic C．Relieved D．Flexible
202919.（2018•交大附中•六模）
Bees seem to fly aimlessly as they search for the sugary liquid called nectar（花蜜）．But their flight plans actually do have a pattern．Flowers act as the insects' air-traffic controllers．And new research shows bees prefer flowers that aren't too flashy． Flowers give bees clues about how much a plant can offer．Those clues can be in the color of petals，in the type，in the smell or even in the electrical charge．All of these characteristics send signals to the bees，telling them whether to land or not，among which the colors play the most significant role．The insects keep track of the color of the flowers that are especially rich in nectar．They then visit more flowers of that color． However，color can't guarantee bees a good meal．It may change depending on the angle at which sunlight hits its petals．A yellow follower，for example，may look somewhat blue from one angle and red from another．Beverley Glover studies plants at the University of Cambridge in England．Glover and her colleagueowed that even when the color of petals looks similar，bees behave differently in searching for nectar．They started to guess that the strength of petals' indescence（色彩斑斓） might be related to how bees find the petals． Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab．In their experiment，they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had no problem finding the flowers with more nectar when the petals were not very iridescent．The team shared its new findings in the March 21 Current Biology． "At first glance，it's very surprising because animals can usually detect a more vivid signal more easily，" says Klaus Lunau，a biologist in Germany，who was not involved in the study．
（1）What can we know about the flight of bees？ A．They usually fly in a regular pattern． B．They usually fly without any purpose． C．They fly to some very flashy flowers． D．They fly under the direction of flowers． （2）What is the most important clue for bees to search for nectar？ A．The petals' type． B．The petals' color． C．The followers' smell． D．The followers' electrical charge． （3）What does the underlined word "hypothesis" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ A．Discussion． B．Method． C．Invention． D．Assumption． （4）What is the new finding of the team？ A．Petals of different color usually give different signals． B．Petals that are vivid are detected by bees more easily． C．Petals that are not very flashy are better for bees to make adjustments． D．Petals of different types make bees confused to find the right flower．
202937.（2017•师大附中•十一模）
Many people write to newspaper and magazines to express their opinions．Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name，address and telephone number，although the information is not necessary for publication．This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say．When a writer wants his voice heard，he needs to claim ownership of his voice．Responsibility is the name of the game． "People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship，" said social worker Ken Yip， "and this is what is causing a lot of family problems．" When we sign a paper，for example，a business contract or a bank document，the signature is a seal of consent，an agreement to take the matter seriously．Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature．The absence of a signature，they explain，tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply． There are people who wish to remain anonymous（匿名的）for various reasons．Multi-billionaire Mr．King donates generously to charity several times a year．He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring，and he does not want his good deeds to make news．In other cases，people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity．Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police，but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime． Name or no name？The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved．We all have a name．It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement，a claim or an accusation．We all want to honour our own name，and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say．
（1）What does the writer mean by saying "Responsibility is the name of the game"？ A．Writers need to provide their personal information in the game． B．Publication must bear the writer's full name，address and phone number． C．Writerould be responsible for their names． D．Names are required to indicate writers' responsibility for what they say． （2）The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may． A．help to end a relationship B．not get a reply C．be accepted all the same D．become a family problem （3）Some people don't want their names known because they are． A．hesitant to make a donation B．unwilling to draw public attention C．afraid of an accusation D．ready for involvement （4）The passage is mainly about． A．honour and writers B．identity and signature C．signature and responsibility D．anonymity and signature
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