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214138. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期中） While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things，they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted--being able to walk on firm ground，hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza.Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this cool 3 D pizza printer!
   About a year ago，NASA offered ＄125，000 to Anjan Contractor，a 3 D technology expert，to build a device （设备） that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked，tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
   Late last year，the engineer presented a video of his first prototype （原型） that begins by creating a single slice of dough （面团） that is cooked and printed at the same time.Then comes the tomato "sauce"- a mix of tomato powder，oil and water and finally，a protein slice that resembles cheese.While the video doesn't show the baking process，the inventor says once the pizza is printed，it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
   While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover，Anjan Contr actor is far from ready for astronauts.That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.Though that may sound unrealistic，actually it is not.
   Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients （配料） and then they are reduced to the powder form.This，as you can imagine，will not be so easy.But，while the printer may not be ready for space，it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.Hopefully，NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!

（1）Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do？
A．To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B．To show they live a difficult life there.
C．To show their life is boring in space.
D．To introduce the topic of the text.
（2）NASA offered ＄125，000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to        .
A．create some new type of 3 D printer.
B．attract more companies to work for NASA.
C．help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day.
D．produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits.
（3）The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that        .
A．he has no money left to go on with his research.
B．the pizza doesn't seem appetizing to pizza lovers.
C．he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years.
D．he cannot make the food container last for decades.
（4）What's the best title of the passage？
A．NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better.
B．Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza.
C．NASA is working on making pizza for common people.
D．A 3 D pizza printer has been used to make pizza.

共享时间:2022-05-20 难度:2

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科普知识，说明文，

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DCDB

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（1）D.目的意图题。根据第一段While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things，they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted﹣being able to walk on firm ground，hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza.Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this cool 3﹣D pizza printer！（当宇航员在太空中做许多令人兴奋的事情时，他们错过了一些我们都认为理所当然的普通事情﹣﹣能够在坚实的地面上行走，与家人一起闲逛，吃一块热气腾腾的披萨。虽然前两件事还不能做太多，但第三件事可能很快就会有解决方案，多亏了这台酷酷的3﹣D披萨打印机!。）文章是介绍一项可以为宇航员提供"打印披萨"的技术可能性，故判断出，作者提到了太空中宇航员不能做的事情是为了引出主题。故选D。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第二段About a year ago，NASA offered ＄125 ，000 to Anjan Contractor，a 3﹣D technology expert，to build a device（设备）that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.（大约一年前，美国宇航局出价12.5万美元给Anjan承包商，一个3﹣D技术专家，来建造一个可以让宇航员按需制作披萨的设备。）所以美国宇航局提供的125，000美元是为了开发出向宇航员们提供新鲜披萨的技术。故选C。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.（这是因为他仍然需要找到一个解决方案，使打印机中的食物容器能够使用30年。）所以Anjan承包商现在面临的最大挑战可能是他不能让这个食物容器使用几十年。故选D。
（4）B.标题归纳题。通读全文可知，宇航员在太空时，也会有食物的需求。最新的研究表示，3﹣D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上披萨，因此在将来宇航员们也许能吃上热气腾腾的披萨哦。所以短文的最佳标题为" 宇航员可能很快就能享受到热气腾腾的披萨了"。故选B。

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202729. （2020•西安中学•六模） Facebook lets friends connect．They can give each other updates，share photos and post comments．But that's not all．Facebook might also stress users out．
   In a new study，88 volunteers how much time they spent on Facebook and the types of Facebook posts and comments that they made．In addition，they answered questions about their feelings and state of mind．They also offered saliva．Researchers tested it for cortisol．This chemical is a stress hormone．Levels of it vary throughout the day．
   In this study，people with the most Facebook friends，more than 300，had somewhat higher cortisol levels．Additionally，the more Facebook friends that users had，the more likely they were to feel anxious．On the other hand，youths who gave lots of "likes" and supportive comments on Facebook had lower cortisol levels． "The more social support you give to others，the lower your stress hormone levels will be，" says Lupien．
   "This research decidedly combines the social science approach and the medical science approach on an important question in our social-media age，" says Wenhong Chen，a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin． "It's ready pleasantly new to see Lupien's team study cortisol levels-along with questionnaire data．"
   One finding from Lupien's work surprised Chen．Teens who felt they got a lot of support from others also had higher cortisol levels．Usually，she says，those feelingould protect people from stress． "There are many potential dangers of social media use among young people，" Chen notes．So，she says，enjoy Facebook，but be aware of the risks．
   Lupien suggests that teen Facebook userare information with and support their friends on the site．They shouldn't just stay silent． "if anyone is more stressed，it's the watchers，not the sharers，" she says．Also，she recommends that people who use social media heavily should find time to take active walks，to run or to do other activities．Cortisol increases a person's energy． "The best way to reduce stress hormones is to use the energy，" she says．

（1）Paragraph 2 shows us the        ．
A．research proposes
B．research methods
C．research contents
D．research results
（2）What should we do if we want to feel less stressed？
A．Share as many nine photos as possible．
B．Give more positive comments to others．
C．Listen to music frequently on social media．
D．Communicate less with others on Facebook．
（3）What is Wenhong Chen's attitude towards Lupien's study？
A．Cautious．
B．Critical．
C．Doubtful．
D．Approving．
（4）What can be learned from Lupien's suggestion？
A．There are many dangers on social media．
B．Getting support from e-friends makes us healthier．
C．Sharers on Facebook live a happier life than watchers．
D．Doing physical exercise helps reduce the levels of cortisol．

共享时间:2020-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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213667. （2023•鄠邑区•高一下期中）     Optical（光学的）fiber is a flexible line of glass capable of carrying information over long distances.Scientists Dr.Robert Maurer.Dr.Peter Schultz，and Dr.Donald Keck invented the first low-loss optical fiber in 1970.Inspired by their belief that information could be sent through light，they spent four years experimenting with different kinds of glass until they succeeded.
    Optical fiber was an answer to consumer demand for increased bandwidth （带宽）.Beginning in the 1960s.the telecommunications industry realized that the existing copper wire infrastructure（基础设施）could no longer keep up as communications traffic increased.Optical fiber changed the telecommunications industry greatly because it，unlike copper，offered limitless bandwidth.Because of those qualities，optical fiber has become the backbone of the networks that we use today to send voice，data，and video around the world.
    The first optical fiber was celebrated for having a total attenuation of 17 dB/km.Today，there are optical fibers with attenuation as low as 0.17 dB/km，which translates to signal loss being 100 times better than the first one.As a result，optical fiber is the preferred medium for fast.reliable communications networks.
    Today，optical fiber provides the infrastructure for broadband connectivity all around the world.Optical fiber supports all the communications and interactive technology we use every day.Because of the global fiber network，you have instant access to voice，information，and video through devices such as smartphones，computers，high-definition TV.CPS，and game systems through which you get directions，send email，conduct research.join social networks，shop，and download music，movies，and more.
    As has been the case from the very beginning，one driver that shapes the future of optical fiber is market demand.Optical fiber continues to create new opportunities in how we live，work，and play.Innovations such as Cloud Computing will enable us to partner with technology in a way never before possible.

（1）What drives the scientists to invent the optical fiber？
A．No enough copper.
B．Better understanding of light.
C．Invention of glass.
D．Need for faster information sending.
（2）What does the underlined word "attenuation" in Paragraph 3 mean？
A．Signal.
B．Loss.
C．Power.
D．Metal.
（3）What can we learn about the optical fiber in Paragraph 4？
A．It has limited usage.
B．It needs more devices.
C．It benefits life and technology.
D．It offers better resources.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？
A．The development and advantages of optical fiber.
B．The ways to develop optical fiber.
C．The future of optical fiber.
D．Different opinions about optical fiber.

共享时间:2023-05-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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202596. （2021•高陵一中•二模） Honeybees can't swim，and when their wings are wet，they can't fly，either.But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water，they can use their wings to produce little waves and slide toward land—like surfers（冲浪者） who create and then ride their own waves.
As with many scientific advances - Isaac Newton's apple or Benjamin Franklin's lightning bolt — Dr.Roh's experiment began with a walk.Passing Caltech's Millikan Pond in 2016，he observed a bee on the water's surface producing waves.He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself

through water.
Dr.Roh and his co-worker，Morteza Gharib，used butterfly nets to collect local Pasadena honeybees and observed their surf-like movements.The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee's bodily movement，allowing close examination of their wings.They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle，pulling up water and producing a forward force.Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air.But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down.It's a tough exercise for the bees，which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.
The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn't been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic（半水生的） insects use their legs for propulsion，which is known as water-walking.It may have evolved in bees，they predicted.
Dr.Roh and Dr.Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees' surfing.One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea."This could be useful for search and rescues，or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean，if you can't send a boat or helicopter，"Dr.Gharib said.
（1）What does the author intend to show by mentioning Newton and Franklin？
A．Roh's admiration for them.
B．Roh's chance discovery about bees.
C．Their outstanding talent for science.
D．Their similar achievements in discovery.
（2）What plays the most vital role in a bee's moving forward on water？
A．The air weight.
B．Its leg extension.
C．The water movement.
D．Its continuous wingbeat.
（3）What does the underlined word "propulsion" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Fast flight.
B．Driving force.
C．Pulling speed.
D．Explosive power.
（4）According to the last Paragraph，which of the following isn't the practical applications for bees' surfing？
A．Designing robots with the ability to travel across both sky and sea.
B．Rescuing ships or saving sailors trapped in the ocean.
C．Acquiring knowledge of moving samples of the surface of the ocean.
D．Making helicopters in the shape of bees.
（5）What does the text mainly tell us？
A．Honeybees can surf to safety.
B．Bees help scientists make inventions.
C．Insects can adapt to the environment.
D．Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.

共享时间:2021-03-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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213514. （2022•长安区一中•高二上期中） Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.These immune cells recognize the antigen，a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response.In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes.Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localized，allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work.Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle，these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels，which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes.Lymph nodes，important parts of our immune system，contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
   Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized.Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid muscle may result in local inflammation or soreness at the injection site.If certain vaccines are injected into fat issue，the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply，leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
   Yet another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle.
   Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid.Younger children receive their vaccines mid-thigh because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed.
   Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability.
   Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around？Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred.

（1）How many reasons are mentioned for the vaccines given in the muscle？
A．2.
B．3.
C．4.
D．5.
（2）Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site？
A．Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells.
B．Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses.
C．Muscles can easily recognize bacteria.
D．Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses.
（3）What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat issues？
A．Poor blood supply.
B．Local pain.
C．Rapid fat loss.
D．Better absorption.
（4）Where is the passage most likely taken from？
A．An advertisement.
B．A novel.
C．A speech.
D．A journal.

共享时间:2022-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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213543. （2022•长安七中•高二上期中） Limiting kids' recreational（消遣） screen time to less than two hours a day，along with enough sleep and physical activity，is associated with improved cognition（认知），according to a study published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health．
   The study included about 4，500 US children aged 8 to 11 and measured their habits against the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth．It found that 51% of the children got the recommended（建议） nine to eleven hours of uninterrupted sleep per night，37% met the recreational screen time limit of two hours or less per day，while 18% met the physical activity recommendation of at least 60 minutes of accumulated physical activity a day．Only 5% of the children in the study met all three recommendations；30% met none at all．
   The researchers found that as each recommendation was met by a participant，there was a positive association with global cognition，which includes memory，attention，processing speed and language．Those who met all three had the most "superior" global cognition，followed by those meeting the sleep and screen time recommendation and finally the screen time recommendation alone，according to the study．
   Other organizations，such as the American Academy of Pediatrics have guidelines in place to help with the management of children's screen time．The organization suggests putting realistic rules or limits in place for how long your children are on their screens，knowing who they are talking to and what they are doing．The amount of recommended screen time depends on the age of the child．Besides，parentould also make sure to encourage physical activity and have bedroom rules such as creating "tech-free zones"．

（1）Who are the target readers of this passage？
A．Researchers．
B．Teachers．
C．Parents．
D．Children．
（2）What is the main idea of this passage？
A．A study on children's screen time is published．
B．US children fail to meet movement guidelines．
C．Organizations are concerned about children's cognition．
D．Limitation on children's screen time is linked to better cognition．
（3）According to the passage，which of the following might contributes least to cognition？
A．Screen time limit．
B．Sleep hours．
C．Physical activity time．
D．Sleep hours and screen time limit．
（4）Why does the American organization suggest creating "tech-free zones"？
A．To make sure children have enough physical playtime．
B．To make sure children have enough sleep time．
C．To make sure children have recreational time．
D．To protect children against radiation．

共享时间:2022-11-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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203074. （2017•铁一中学•三模） It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet．Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight；those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，"Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain．"The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．
Boston University's Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms（生物学机制） relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes（糖尿病），which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese．What's more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells．

（1）The passage is mainly for those

A．who produce wine	B．who have a drinking habit
C．who go on a diet	D．who are eager to lose weight

（2）How does the writer clarify his view at the very beginning？

A．By quotation	B．By comparison
C．By question．D．By statement．

（3）What can we learn from the passage ．
A．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight．
B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat．
C．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect．
D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear．
（4）What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？
A．How to do some easy experiments．
B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine．
C．How to prove the finding mentioned above．
D．How to make wine in a healthy way．

共享时间:2017-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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203805. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      What killed King Tut？Historians and scientists have long believed that ancient Egypt's most famous king was probably murdered.But a recent scientific study claims to have found a different answer to this more than 3，300-year-old mystery.A team of researchers now say that King Tut，the boy ruler，died of complications（并发症） from a broken leg.
   Tut's full name was Tutankhamun.He was just 9 years old when he became the ruler of Egypt.His treasure-filled tomb was discovered almost a century ago.It was filled with royal riches，including a solid-gold coffin，a gold mask，and piles of jewelry.
   Unfortunately Tut died at the age of 19.Many experts have thought that Tut was killed by one of his advisers，named Ay，who wanted to be king.But due to a major modern science project，the idea is wrong.
   Researchers set out to solve the mystery of King Tut's death by using the tools of science，including DNA tests and electronic scans of his mummy（木乃伊）.Scientist Carsten Pusch conducted the tests on Tut for the new study.He thinks a broken leg contributed to the young king's death.
   More than 100 walking sticks were found in King Tut's tomb.This supports the team's findings.But how could a person die from a simple broken leg？
   Pusch also found DNA evidence in Tut's body that indicates he had malaria（疟疾），a disease carried by mosquitoes.Malaria severely weakens the immune system.
   Pusch and his fellow researchers believe the malaria and the bone disease together caused the king's fracture（骨折） to become deadly.Finally，the young king was just too weak to recover.

（1）It has long been believed by historians and scientists that        .
A.King Tut was the youngest ruler in the world history
B.King Tut was the richest ruler in the history of Egypt
C.King Tut was murdered by one of his advisers
D.King Tut was poisoned by one of his servants
（2）From the passage we can learn that        .
A.the king had been dead for 3，300 years
B.the king was buried grandly
C.the king was born with a bad immune system
D.the king's body was well kept in the tomb
（3）Researchers uncovered the mystery of King Tut's death by        .
A.testing the king's immune system
B.studying the walking sticks found in the tomb
C.performing experiments on mosquitoes
D.applying DNA tests and electronic scan technology
（4）The passage mainly tells us about        .
A.a different answer to King Tut's death
B.a famous boy king in ancient Egypt
C.a treasure-filled tomb discovered in Egypt
D.a team of researchers studying ancient tombs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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203804. （2024•周至四中•高一上期末）      Millions of years ago dinosaurs lived on the earth.In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet.There were green forests and they could find enough to eat.Later，parts of the earth became cold and dry，and the forests there died.Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat.This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.
   We can guess another reason.New kinds of animals came on the earth.Some had big brains and were fast and strong.They could kill dinosaurs.
   There may be other reasons that we don't know about yet.Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.
   Dinosaurs have many sizes and shapes（形状）.Some were as small as chickens，while some were about 90 feet long.
   There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs.They might have happened more than 100 million years ago.Though there was no man to see any of the fights，we can be told by the footprints（足迹）that fights did take place.

（1）According to the passage，dinosaurs did exist only        on the earth.
A.for millions of years
B.millions of years ago
C.more than 100 million years ago
D.when it was warm and wet somewhere
（2）One reason why dinosaurs died out is that        .
A.there were too many dinosaurs
B.parts of the earth became warm and wet
C.there were many green forests
D.they couldn't find enough to eat
（3）We can see from this passage        .
A.scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs
B.dinosaurs are dangerous enough
C.dinosaurs are worth studying further
D.scientists know nothing about dinosaurs
（4）Those terrible fights can be explained by        .
A.footprints
B.imagination
C.rocks and forests
D.dinosaurs' eggs

共享时间:2024-02-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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203777. （2024•铁一中学•高一上期末）     Despite the fact that parrots are well known for their long lives and complex cognition （认知），it remains unknown whether the two traits（特征） have influenced each other.
    "The problem has been sourcing good quality data，" said Simeon Smeele，a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior （MPI-AB） and lead author of a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B that tried to solve this question.
    Scientists from the MPI-AB and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology （MPI-EvA） teamed up with Species360 to compile data from over 130，000 individual parrots sourced from over 1，000 zoos to find the average life span of 217 parrot species.
    The analysis revealed an astonishing diversity in life expectancy，ranging from an average of two years for the fig parrot up to an average of 30 years for the scarlet macaw.
    Next，the team tried to determine whether or not parrots' renowned cognitive abilities had any influence on their longevity.Their results support the theory that increased brain size has enabled longer lifespans.Because brain size relative to body size can be an indicator of intelligence，the findings suggested that the parrots with larger brains were able to survive for longer in the wild.
    The scientists were surprised that factors such as diet，or the greater developmental time required to develop larger brains，did not lead to longer average lifespans. "We would have expected the developmental path to play a more important role because in primates it is this developmental cost that explains the link between brain size and longevity，" said Smeele.
    In the future，the team plan to explore if sociality and cultural learning in parrots might have also contributed to long lifespans.Smeele said： "Large-brained birds might spend more time socially learning foraging（觅食） techniques that have been around for multiple generations.This increased learning period could potentially also explain the longer life spans，as it takes more time but also makes the foraging repertoire（全部技能） more adaptive."

（1）What did the study aim to find out about parrots？
A The diversity in their life expectancies.
B．The factors that influence their intelligence.
C．The traits that help them survive in the wild.
D．The link between their cognition and life spans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study？
A．By surveying over 1，000 zoos.
B．By examining parrots' brains.
C．By analyzing the collected data.
D．By observing parrots' behavior.
（3）Which is a possible cause of parrots' longevity？
A．Their diet.
B．Their body size.
C．Their larger brains.
D．Their brains development time.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential applications of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．Further research based on current findings.

共享时间:2024-02-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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213563. （2022•未央区•高二上期中） A new study discovers that sharks do sleep，and they often sleep with their eyes open.Since some sharks have to swim constantly to keep oxygen-rich water flowing over their gills （鱼鳃），people have long thought that they don't sleep at all.
   Researchers from Australia have now recorded a species of shark sleeping for the first time，finishing the long-standing debate about whether sharks sleep.To see if sharks were in fact asleep，the team analyzed the metabolism（新陈代谢）and pose of seven draughtsboard sharks （猫鲨）over 24 hours.When the sharks were resting for five minutes or longer，their oxygen consumption dropped，which suggested the animals were sleeping.And the researchers also noticed that the sharks changed their posture by lying flat and closer to the ground.
   The sharks sometimes slept with their eyeut as well，though，mostly during the day.At night，they tended to keep their eyes open more often，leading researchers to suspect that the sharks' eye closure might have more to do with light than the sleep state itself. "Not only are sleeping sharks less responsive to their surroundings，but they also have lower metabolic rate，" said Michael Kelly，an ecophysiologist at La Trobe University.
   "Sharks are an important group as they are the oldest living jawed vertebrates（颌类脊椎动物）—a character they share with us，"Michael Kelly said."Sharks have been swimming in the sea for over 400 million years and have evolved very little in that time.Understanding how and why these animals sleep will provide important understanding into the function of sleep and how the animal has evolved over time."
   The team points out that more research will be needed to see if other species sleep like the draughtsboard sharks.Next they plan to continue to analyze the sharks' brain activity while they sleep，to learn more about their waking and resting states.

（1）What is the previous misunderstanding about sharks？
A．They sleep with their eyes closed.
B．They breathe in flowing water.
C．They swim frequently at night.
D．They always stay awake.
（2）What do researchers find about draughtsboard sharks？
A．They need to rest every five minutes in the sea.
B．They consume much less oxygen during the day.
C．They have the same pose when awake and when asleep.
D．They might close their eyes not to sleep but to avoid light.
（3）What does paragraph 4 talk about？
A．The process of the research.
B．The findings ot the research.
C．The significance of the research.
D．The introduction of the researchers.
（4）What does the researchers think of their research in the last paragraph？
A．Insufficient.
B．Unrealistic.
C．Meaningless.
D．Inefficient.

共享时间:2022-11-17 难度:2 相似度:2

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202426. （2021•西安中学•七模） Scientists at University College London have discovered sets of regulatory genes，which are responsible for maintaining healthy hearing.The finding，made in fruit flies，could lead to treatments for age-related hearing loss （ARHL） in humans.
   Globally，one-third of people aged over 65 experience hearing impairment，and while there are thought to be more than 150 genes that may affect hearing loss，there is no unified view on how to use these to develop hearing loss treatments.
   In the study，published in Scientific Reports，researchers at the UCL Ear Institute assessed the hearing ability of the common fruit fly across its life span（around 70 days） to see if their hearing declines with age.
   A fruit fly's earare many molecular similarities with the ears of humans，making it an ideal tool for the study of human hearing loss.
   Researchers found that the antennal ears of fruit flies also display ARHL with nearly all sensitive hearing measures starting to decline after 50 days of age.This made the researchers want to know if there were any "age-variable" genes in the flies' inner ears which have kept the ears healthy for 50 days of their lives.
   After closer examination，researchers identified a new set of regulatory genes - homeostasis genes.These genes are often responsible for picking up sound and the overall sensitivity of the ear.Using this information，scientists were then able to genetically modify the genes and prevent the flies from getting ARHL.
   Professor Joerg Albert，lead author of the study，said： "While many studies have been conducted into the hearing function of fruit flies，ours is the first to look at the mechanistic and molecular detail of their auditory life course."
   "The fact that these genes are conserved in humans will also help to focus future clinical research in humans and thereby accelerate the discovery of new pharmacological or gene-therapeutic strategies."

（1）What did scientists at UCL discover？
A．Homeostasis genes maintain one's ability to hear.
B．One-third of people aged over 65 have hearing problems.
C．There are regulatory genes that are related to aging.
D．Humans have over 150 genes that can affect hearing loss.
（2）Why were fruit flies used in the research？
A．They share many genes with humans.
B．They display ARHL during their lifespan.
C．Their hearing ability also declines with age.
D．Their hearing system is similar to that of humans'.
（3）What is the main purpose of the last two paragraphs？
A．The discovery of new treatments.
B．The significance of the study.
C．The result of the study.
D．The future commercial prospects.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
A．Age-related hearing loss：fruit flies and humans
B．Hearing loss：a common problem for older adults
C．Gene discovery could lead to hearing loss treatments
D．The body's ability can be unlocked to treat lost hearing

共享时间:2021-06-02 难度:2 相似度:2

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205823. （2017•西安中学•高二下期末） The pursuit of happiness can be a lifelong search for some-but researchers believe they may have found a key factor in feeling a greater overall sense of well-being．
Nottingham Trent University researchers found that the more an individual identified with a particular group，such as family，in their local community or through a hobby，the happier they were with their life．
"Our findings suggest that thinking more about one's group life could have significant benefits for an overall sense of well-being，"said Dr．Juliet Wakefield，a psychologist at Nottingham Trent University．
"We tend to identify with groups that share our values，interests and life priorities，as well as those that support us in times of crisis，and we can see how this would be linked to happiness．Our work taps into （发掘） knowledge that is deep within all of us，but we often forget due to the fast-paced and achievement-focused nature of modern life-to be your best self，you are likely to require the support of others．"
They studied how 4，000 participants felt connected to certain groups，and then measured the influence this had upon their levels of happiness．It's important to note that identifying with a group isn't the same as membership，though．You can be a member of a group with which you feel no connection at all．It's that subjective sense of belonging that's crucial for happiness．
Health care professionalould encourage people to join groups that they are interested in，or which promote their values and ideals，as well as advising people to maintain association with groups they already belong to．Simple social interventions （干预） such as this could in turn help to reduce care expense and prevent future ill health．

（1）According to the text，who are much happier？
A．Individuals who have happy families．
B．Individuals who have a good many hobbies．
C．People who feel a strong sense of belonging to a group．
D．People who gain membership of many social groups．
（2）What do people tend to forget in Juliet's view？
A．They live a busy and stressful life．
B．They need others' help for self-improvement．
C．Happiness is of the same importance as work．
D．They should connect with like-minded people．
（3）What does the underlined word"this"in the last paragraph refer to？
A．Health care experts' encouragement and advice．
B．Reduction of health care expenses．
C．Social involvement with certain groups．
D．Promotion of people's values and interests．
（4）What may be the best title for the passage？
A．The Nature of Happiness．
B．The Secret to Happiness．
C．The Search for Happiness．
D．The Attitude to Happiness．

共享时间:2017-07-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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212894. （2024•周至四中•高一下期中）     Humans aren't the only animals that move to music.Parrots have been known to do it.And now rats have been observed bopping their heads in time with the tunes of Mozart，Lady Gaga，Michael Jackson and others，according to a new study from the University of Tokyo.What's more，the rats seems to respond to the same beats that get humans' feet tapping （轻跺）.
    The researchers played a sonata by Mozart for lab rats at different variations （变更） of the original speed：75%，100%，200% and 400%.Wireless sensors on the rats' bodies tracked their movements.Meanwhile，20 human participants were involved and listened to the same music through motion sensor-equipped headphones.
    It was observed that the rats' head movements were the most obvious when the music played at its normal speed，which was around 132 bpm （beats per minute）.The same was true for human participants.The researchers then changed to some pop songs such as Lady Gaga's "Born This Way" and Michael Jackson's "Beat It".As with Mozart's，rats moved their heads along the rhythm of pop songs，similar to how people do，at about 120 to 140 bpm.
    The study showed that both rats and humans moved their heads along to the beat in a similar rhythm.The level of head bopping from both humans and rats decreased as the music sped up.The study suggests that there is something similar about the way human and rat brains respond to rhythm，but rats do not match their motions to the beat like humans do.Humans can predict the timing of a beat and move predictably to it.
    Aniruddh Patel，a psychologist who studies brain response to music，says humans and parrots respond to beats with big，voluntary movements such as head shaking，dancing or foot tapping.Patel also stresses that this study does not show that rats have the same emotional associations with music as humans do.Yet he believes it could help reveal how humans and some other animals evolved a sense of rhythm.

（1）What does the underlined word "bopping" in the first paragraph mean？
A.Moving.
B.Responding to.
C.Nodding.
D.Reacting.
（2）How do rats differ from humans in response to music？
A.They seem more interested in pop music.
B.They make similar movements to different rhythms.
C .They prefer moving their heads with the beat.
D.They are unable to predict the beat of music.
（3）What is Patel's attitude towards the study？
A.Uncaring.
B.Doubtful.
C.Positive.
D.Disapproving.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A.Music affects rats' brains.
B.Humans are the only animals that move to music.
C.Music is attractive to rats.
D.Rats may respond to music like human do.

共享时间:2024-05-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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212704. （2024•铁一中学•高二上期中）     Years ago，I bought a blouse.That same day，I considered putting it on，but for no particular reason I decided not to.That weekend，I again considered wearing the blouse，but the occasion didn't seem special enough，so again，I passed it up.Fast forward to today，I have never worn that blouse.
    What happened here？Why do people own so many unused possessions，treating them as though they are too special to use？To find out，I ran an experiment in which participants imagined buying a bottle of wine.We had half of the participants imagine considering opening it one night，but deciding not to.Then when we measured how special the wine seemed and participants' intentions to open it later，we found that those who had imagined holding off on opening it were in fact less likely to intend to open it later.When asked the reason，most assumed they were waiting for a future occasion to open it-a more special occasion.
    Why do people fall into this mental trap？Prior research points to two main reasons.
    First，when options are presented one at a time，rather than all at once，it can be difficult to know when to make a decision.So people often end up"holding out" for an idealized future occasion.Second，regardless of the actual reasons behind their feelings and actions，people often come up with their own explanations after the fact.
    Putting these together is a recipe for what psychologists term""specialness spirals".When you give up using something-for whatever reason-if you believe that you are waiting to use it，the possession will start to feel more special.And as you search for the right occasion day after day，it becomes more tempting to hold out for a future occasion.The less you use it，though，the more special it feels，and the cycle continues.Ultimately，the likelihood of using the possession becomes rarer and rarer.The more this happens，the more stuff you have lying around.
    How can you fight specialness spirals？Try committing in advance to using an item on a specific occasion.When buying a dress，tell yourself you'll wear it this weekend.Or when purchasing a candle，plan to light it that day.This strategy encourages you to actually enjoy your possessions.

（1）What were the participants asked to imagine doing in the experiment？
A.Putting off drinking the wine.
B.Evaluating the quality of the wine.
C.Listing reasons for drinking the wine.
D.Discussing how they would deal with the wine.
（2）What does the underlined word"tempting"in paragraph 5 mean？
A.Particular.
B.Ordinary.
C.Appealing.
D.Uninviting.
（3）What can we learn about specialness spirals？
A.They can mislead people into shopping traps.
B.They can lead to a collection of unused stuff.
C.They result from a pessimistic attitude to the future.
D.They help explain the psychology of delayed rewards.
（4）What is the main purpose of the text？
A.To explain a psychological phenomenon.
B To criticize a wrong consumption concept.
C.To remind people to enjoy their possessions.
D.To encourage people to prepare for a rainy day.

共享时间:2024-11-24 难度:2 相似度:2

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214328. （2020•长安区一中•高一上期中） Young sunflowers turn and swing every day.New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
   Harmer，a professor in the University of California at Davis，Department of Plant Biology，carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field，in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
   By staking plants so that they could not move，Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light，they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
   The indoor plants did start tracking the "sun" again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room.The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle，but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
   When sunflowers track the sun，the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides.At night，the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way.The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night.A plant growth-regulating hormone（激素），called auxin，appears to be a key driver.
   The "dance" to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up.At that point，the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
   "Bees like warm flowers." Harmer said，adding that the bees are cold-blooded，so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
   "The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to（吸引）insects，perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents（气味）earlier in the day." he said "We're currently testing this idea."

（1）Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers？
A．To study why sunflowers track the sun.
B．To show what sunflowers' genes are.
C．To see how sunflowers grow up
D．To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
（2）What does the underlined word "staking" probably mean in Paragraph 3？
A．fixing
B．tracking
C．growing
D．searching
（3）What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving？
A．They won't grow well.
B．They will produce a number of new genes.
C．They won't swing back though set free.
D．They will grow faster than usual.
（4）What is the advantage of sunflowers' dance to the sun？
A．They mature more rapidly.
B．They save more energy.
C．They attract more insects.
D．They produce more flowers.

共享时间:2020-11-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2022-05-20

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

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