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212858. （2023•西安中学•高一上期中）     Over the last two days in December last year，nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states—from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the midwest.More than 100 tornado warnings were issued—the most ever for a day.The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people's deaths.which was described as the worst in this state's history.
    As one of the largest countries in the world，the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries—from deserts to forests to miles of coastline.While this comes with many advantages，it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.
    Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters.The west coast is at risk of wildfires，earthquakes，and even volcanic eruptions.The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes，and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year.Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods，and these are the worst floods in American history.
    The governments reviewed the weather event in each state's history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state.Thanks to their location and geographic research，some states made preparations ahead of time to avoid mass-casualty （重大伤亡的） weather events.
    However，many other parts of the country have been less fortunate，experiencing massive storms and floods.Many such events，like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas，killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths，especially，during that time.
    American weather continues to become more changeable.In 2018，there were 14 weather events that caused over ＄1 billion in damage.And in many parts of the country，these weather events could become even more destructive （毁灭性的） because of global warming.

（1）What do we know from the numbers in paragraph 1？
A.Less and less natural disasters hit America.
B.Tornadoes were the greatest threat to Americans.
C.The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in America.
D.America suffered from serious natural disasters.
（2）What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A.The natural disasters in different parts of US.
B.The earthquakes in the west coast of US.
C.The hurricanes along the east coast of US.
D.The worst floods in American history.
（3）Which of the following can best describe American's weather in the future？
A.Controllable.
B.Unchangeable.
C.Pleasant.
D.Worrying.

共享时间:2023-11-17 难度:2

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[考点]

灾害防范，说明文，

[答案]

DAD

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Over the last two days in December last year，nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states — from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the midwest.More than 100 tornado warnings were issued — the most ever for a day.The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people's deaths，which was described as the worst in this state's history.（在去年12月的最后两天里，从南部的阿肯色州到中西部的伊利诺伊州，近30次龙卷风在六个州造成了巨大的破坏，发布了100多个龙卷风警告，这是有史以来最多的一天。肯塔基州的龙卷风造成至少50人死亡，这被描述为该州历史上最严重的一次。）可知，通过第一段的数字我们知道美国遭受了严重的自然灾害。故选D项。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段The west coast is at risk of wildfires，earthquakes，and even volcanic eruptions.The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes，and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year.Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods，and these are the worst floods in American history.（西海岸面临野火、地震甚至火山爆发的风险。该国南部地区经常受到龙卷风的袭击，东海岸每年都面临严重飓风的威胁。靠近河流的中西部地区经常被巨大的洪水淹没，这些都是美国历史上最严重的洪水。）可知，第三段主要介绍了美国不同地区的自然灾害。故选A项。
（3）观点态度题。根据最后一段American weather continues to become more changeable.In 2018，there were 14 weather events that caused over ＄ 1 billion in damage.And in many parts of the country，these weather events could become even more destructive（毁灭性的） because of global warming. （美国的天气继续变得更加多变。2018年，有14个天气事件，造成超过10亿美元的损失。在该国的许多地方，由于全球变暖，这些天气事件可能会变得更具毁灭性。）可知，美国的天气多变，可能会变得更具毁灭性。由此推知，美国未来的天气令人担忧。故选D。

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本题考查了"灾害防范，说明文，"，属于"必考题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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201550. （2025•西安中学•一模）     As part of a post-fire response and recovery project，the Debris Flow Hazard Team（泥石流危害小组） is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post-fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest.Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen，a fast-moving mixture of water，soil，and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life.
    After a wildfire，emergency managers need rapid answers to the questions：Where are debris flows likely？How much rain will it take to cause a debris flow？And how big will that debris flow be？Researchers are conducting applied research and emergency hazard assessments to answer these questions.Evaluated burn areas they've assessed included the nearly 2021 Dixie fire，the 2020 Labor Day wildfires，and many of the 2021 wildfires in Washington.
    The models used for hazard assessment have been developed and tested in drier places.But the models have not been tested widely in wetter places.Are the models accurate for wetter regions？Researchers have begun monitoring post-fire debris-flow activity in wetter places to answer the question.Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms.The observed flow response is compared to the predicted possibility.If the model predicted a high possibility of debris flow and there was a debris flow，the model got it right.
    Recent data bespeaks both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity（湿度） and drier areas.For example，in the 2021 Dixie fire，major debris flows were caused by short bursts of intense rainfall like they are in drier places.In contrast，debris flows in the 2017 Eagle Creek Fire were caused by long time rainfall.Continued observation and testing is expected to lead to an improved set of hazard assessment models.
    Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are：How far will debris flows travel？What will be impacted？And how long will the burned areas remain dangerous？These questions are presently not resolved in current debris-flow hazard assessments，but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon.

（1）What is the first paragraph mainly about？
A.Contents included in a project.
B.Hazards caused by debris flows.
C.Causes of post-fire debris flows.
D.Reasons for conducting the studies.
（2）What places are current studies focusing on？
A.Places seldom noticed.
B.Places with debris flow records.
C.Places with higher humidity.
D.Places once affected by wildfires.
（3）What does the underlined word"bespeaks"mean in paragraph 4？
A.Replaces.
B.Reveals.
C.Recognizes.
D.Recommends.
（4）What may be included in the next studies according to the text？
A.Methods to prevent debris flows.
B.Possible effects of debris flows.
C.The lasting time of the debris flows.
D.Other risks in the burned areas.

共享时间:2025-03-03 难度:2 相似度:2

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204337. （2023•未央区•高二上期末） The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map.This map shows the chances of an earthquake in catch part of the country.The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts.The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：
   Can we predict earthquakes？
   Can we control earthquakes？
   To answer the first question，scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault （断层） systems in the country，such as the San Andreas fault in California.A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface.These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur.But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly.And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.
   However there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes.The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes.Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4，000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection （注射） of water，there was a small number of earthquakes.Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.
   When the water"oiled"the fault，the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out.Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes.They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity.They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big，dangerous earthquakes，that is，scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change on a big earthquake into a number of small，harmless earthquakes.

（1）Earthquakes belts are        .
A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur
B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes
C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface
D．the two layers of earth along a fault
（2）The San Andreas fault is        .
A．an active fault system
B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly
C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled
D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain
（3）What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal？
A．They occur at about 4.000 metres belowground level
B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevent earthquakes from occurring.
C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.
D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.
（4）What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal？
A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.
B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.
C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.
D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.

共享时间:2023-02-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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204774. （2022•周至县•高一上期末） Trust me，you don't want to get caught under a tsunami!Tsunamis are one of the world's most powerful natural forces.They can cause huge amounts of damage.
   But do you know exactly what a tsunami is？They are huge，powerful waves in the ocean that grow as they reach the shore.Most tsunamis are actually caused by earthquakes.An earthquake happens when a big piece of the Earth's crust（地壳）suddenly moves.When the piece of ocean floor moves，it creates big holes.The water floods in to fill these holes.When the water moves that quickly，it creates a huge wave.This is how tsunamis are born!
   Other natural disasters like landslides，volcanic eruptions，and glaciers breaking off can also cause tsunamis.Once the water starts moving because of the force of the disaster，large waves begin to spread.These waves can move very fast.They have been recorded at speeds from 400 up to 500 miles per hour!They can also move across very long distances.
   At first，the waves of the tsunami may not seem that tall.That's because when the waves travel through the deep parts of the ocean，the top of each wave is very short.But as that wave comes near to the coast，it grows in height.Remember，the tsunami travels quickly.If you are sitting on a beach，you may not see the wave coming at first.But when the wave arrives，it will be like a towering wall of water.Some waves are as tall as 100 feet high.The biggest tsunami ever recorded happened in 1958 in Lituya Bay，Alaska.The wave was over 1，720 feet tall，and it wiped out trees，vegetation，and everything else in its way.
   As frightening as tsunamis can be，you don't need to worry too much about them.They don't happen that often.Only about two tsunamis happen every year.And it is said that serious，really damaging tsunamis only happen about every fifteen years.So don't worry.

（1）According to the article，which natural disaster is not responsible for causing a tsunami？
A．Tornadoes.
B．Volcanic eruptions.
C．Earthquakes.
D．Landslides.
（2）If a tsunami forms in the deep ocean，2，000 miles off the coast of Sri Lanka，how long at least
will it take the tsunami to reach the coast of SriLanka ？
A．1 hours.
B．2 hours.
C．4 hours.
D．6 hours.
（3）Which of the following about tsunami is TRUE？
A．The waves of the tsunami always move slowly over a long distance.
B．People on a ship in the deep ocean will notice a tsunami at once as soon as it forms.
C．If you are sitting on a beach，you must see the wave coming at first.
D．People will not notice a tsunami until it gets close to the coast.
（4）Where would this passage most likely to be found？
A．In a music magazine.
B．In a science newspaper.
C．In a travel guide.
D．In a story book.

共享时间:2022-02-26 难度:2 相似度:2

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202806. （2020•西安中学•三模） Cells in our brain usually send "stop eating" signal when we've had enough．But after mice ate fatty foods for just two weeks，their brains' brake on overeating quieted down．That finding may help explain the complex link between food and appetite that can become disordered when people overeat．
   Food is essential to life．Our brains have，therefore，evolved a series of systems to make sure we eat enough．Garret Stuber，a neuroscientist at the University of Washington，together with his team took aim at one brain area known to be involved in eating behaviors．
   This lateral hypothalamus （下丘脑外侧区） contains many diverse cells Stuber's group looked at the behaviors of genes in the cells here．And in one type-glutamatergic nerve （谷氨酸能神经） cells-big differences appear between fat mice and lean ones．
   Earlier work by Stuber's group had suggested that these cells act like a brake on eating．When the researchers prevented these cells from firing，mice suddenly overate．They also fattened up．But it wasn't clear how the cells' activity changed as the mice transitioned from slim to fat．
   "Obesity doesn't just happen overnight，" notes Stuber．To find out the secret，his group undertook a new study．They fed mice high-fat food．Now and again，they'd use a fancy microscope to look at how well the animals' glutamatergic cells could fire off signals．
   Two weeks into the high-fat food-even before the mice became round - the activity of these nerve cells had slowed．It continued as the animals grew larger over a 12-week period． "The cells' activity was going down as a function of high-fat diet．The results suggest that the high-fat diet is removing the brake on eating and obesity，" explains Stuber．
   It's hard to say whether similar cells normally control people's appetite．Brain-imaging tests have shown that the same brain region -the hypothalamus-plays a role when people shift between hunger and feeling full．

（1）What happened after the mice ate fatty foods for two weeks？
A．Their appetite was getting worse．
B．Their brains became disordered．
C．They refused to eat zero fat food．
D．They lacked a feeling of fullness．
（2）It can be learned from the text that glutamatergic nerve cells       ．
A．are easily found in lean mice
B．can prevent mice from overeating
C．function well under any condition
D．are a main part of lateral hypothalamus
（3）Why did Stuber's group undertake the new study？
A．To study the role of glutamatergic cells in mice's fattening up．
B．To find out the link between high-fat diets and obesity．
C．To find out deciding factors in mice's appetite．
D．To study the eating habit of fat mice．
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A．Obesity influences glutamatergic nerves' function．
B．Glutamatergic nerves decide people's appetite．
C．High-fat diets lead to overeating．
D．Our brains control our food choices．

共享时间:2020-04-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205527. （2020•蓝田县•高三上期末） Almost like a clock tower，a town in the western highlands of Guatemala has been able to practically tell the time by the regular eruptions of a local volcano.In the town of Quetzaltenango，volcanoes have erupted so frequently that they have nearly marked every passing hour of every day for 96 years.
   The source is Santiaguito，one of the world's most active volcanoes.It is situated at the base of the large volcano Santa Maria.It took shape about twenty years after the violent eruption of Santa Maria in 1902.
   "Since then，almost continuous small explosions have happened along with the growth of Santiaguito，" says Stephanie Grocke，a volcanologist. "There has not been a long period of time since 1922 when Santiaguito was quiet."
   Scientists are trying to figure out what is causing the regular activity at Santiaguito.Grocke adds. "What we know for sure is that magma（岩浆） and gas are steadily rising from deep within the system，allowing the volcano to continuously show signs of life，" Grocke says.
   A possible explanation is that before an explosion，the vent，or opening，at the top of Santiaguito is closed，trapping hot gases and magma below.As the gas builds up，the pressure increases and eventually tears through the tops sealed vent，letting out the gases and sending magma and rocks skyward.Santiaguito eventually runs out of fuel，causing eruptions to stop.The materials that were sent out cover the top，reclosing Santiaguito's vent and starting the process over again.
   The sizes of the eruptions are never the same，Grocke say.Most often，they tend to small，producing mainly ash plumes（火山灰） that can reach a height of nearly 1，640 feet，lava flows that travel about two miles from the top.However，there are some eruptions they are very hazardous.
   "At times，larger explosions happen，producing ash plumes that rise less than kilometers above the vent." Grocke ways.Such cases can result in hot fast moving flow made up of gas，ash，and rock，which can be deadly to local communities.Volcanic mudflow are also another serious risk.

（1）When did Santiaguito form according to the text？
A．Around 1806.
B．Around 1902.
C．Around 1922.
D．Around 1942.
（2）Which of the following about Santiaguito have scientists understood？
A．When the volcano stops erupting
B．Why the regular activity changes
C．What is happening inside the volcano
D．How fast the magma and gas are rising
（3）What happens after Santiaguito erupts？
A．The vent is closed again.
B．Cooler gases are produced.
C．The fuel inside gradually increases.
D．More openings form at Santiaguito's top.
（4）What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Weak.
B．Dangerous.
C．Brief.
D．Similar.

共享时间:2020-02-13 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205509. （2020•莲湖区•高二下期末） A recent study conducted by researchers from Canada's Wilfrid Laurier University found that the snakes actively seek out socialization with their peers （同伴），but also they are extremely particular about who they spend time with．However，snakes used to be thought of as solitary animals．They are seldom seen hanging out in groups．
   A team of researchers led by Morgan Skinner and Dr．Noam Miller selected 40 non-poisonous garter snakes （袜带蛇）．Ten were purchased from a snake keeper and the rest were caught in the wild．After marking each snake with a spot of color to allow for easy identification，the researchers placed ten snakes inside each of the four plastic shelters．
  Skinner photographed each snake group twice a day before removing them from their shelters．After cleaning the areas thoroughly to rid them of any familiar smells，the reptiles were rearranged into different groups，and returned to the enclosure．A camera fixed over the shelters allowed the scientists to track the animals' movements for a total of eight days．
   When Skinner and Miller analyzed the images，they found that regardless of where they were placed，the snakes always slipped back to their original "friends" forming groups of three or eight inside the small shelters． "They can tell others apart，" Miller said．
   Gordon Burghardt，a biologist，says， "The study should help convince people that snakes have more social intelligence than most of us realize．"
   Miller believes the research could help with snake protection efforts．Endangered snake species relocated to safer habitats often leave these areas．Now，conservationists may be able to avoid that by transferring entire snake groups to the new location．Alternatively，they could also spray（喷洒）the new habitat with the species' smells to make transplants feel at "home．"

（1）What does the underlined word "solitary" mean in paragraph 1？
A．Causing fear．
B．Existing only in small numbers．
C．Causing death or illness．
D．Enjoying being alone．
（2）What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A．The findings can contribute to snake conservation．
B．Snakes like to spray smells on the trees．
C．Snakes are easy to adapt to new locations．
D．Snakes tend to stay in safer habitats．
（3）Which of the following proverbs can be used to describe the findings？
A．Barking dogs don't bite．
B．The early bird catches worms．
C．Things of one kind come together．
D．A friend in need is a friend in deed．
（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A．Entertainment．
B．Science．
C．Education．
D．Health．

共享时间:2020-07-06 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202767. （2020•西安中学•二模） After the cure of pneumonia，Wuhan Dad reread the letter his daughter left at the bedside，tears filled his eyes．In the second vlog series，make a video call to a friend in Wuhan，China Daily reporter Xiao Peng interviewed three Wuhan residents by video and phone，among whom three have just been released from isolation．Their lives have been transformed by pneumonia （肺炎） caused by the new coronavirus （冠状病毒）．
   The first interviewee was Tian Fuxin from Wuhan．He was admitted to hospital on January 20 and discharged from hospital on January 30 after 10 days of isolation treatment．
   "When I was admitted to hospital，I was very anxious．But after a few days I was OK．And if you're infected by the novel coronavirus，the government covers your medical expenses．Our meals are the same as the doctors' and nurses"．
   "Every time I saw themin their protective gear，I felt moved because I know that stuff must be awful to wear，with goggles fogged up and so on．I can't thank them enough．Those patients who were discharged early like us are very grateful to the people who helped us，because without them，it's hard to say how we could have survived．"
   Worried about his daughter's safety，the family had her back to the university in Shanghai before the closure．She was quarantined in Shanghai on the first day of the lunar New Year and was recently confirmed to be well enough to end the quarantine．The daughter left her father a letter in which she read between the lines her guilt not being able to accompany him and her love for him．
   "I can't look after you every time you are in hospital．I was right with you，though I didn't realize how ill you were．Nothing could be done except get away．" "Dad，I love you．After growing up，I think I've never said that．You must hold on．I can't live without you，Dad．" "Don't be pessimistic．Little psychological tricks are helpful．You have to tell yourself I am feeling better．
   Because of infectious virus as well as its outbreak Tian Fuxin fell ill，experiencing a period of fighting the disease．However，he received the words his daughter had not long been able to speak out "Dad，I love you．"

（1）Whom does the underlined word "them" in the fourth paragraph refer to？
A．Wuhan residents
B．medical staff
C．the three interviewees
D．the government
（2）Which of the following is FALSE？
A．The daughter couldn't care for her father when he was in hospital．
B．The meals of the pneumonia patients are quite different from those of doctors．
C．daughter was also isolated in Shanghai on the first day of the lunar New Year．
D．Tian Fuxin has been cured and has recovered from pneumonia．
（3）The daughter left the letter to        ．
A．show little psychological tricks are helpful
B．inform him her being quarantined in Shanghai
C．encourage him to fight disease and she loved him all the way．
D．to say goodbye to the father．
（4）The article comes from        ．
A．a magazine
B．a fiction
C．a brochure
D．a newspaper

共享时间:2020-03-27 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202785. （2020•西安中学•八模） Here are some tips from experts for writing that all-important application essay，which can often mean the difference between getting accepted - or rejected - by the school of your choice．
   The essay is your loudspeaker - your view of the world and your ambitions．It's not just a resume or a regurgitation of everything you've done．It needs to tell a story with passion，using personal，entertaining anecdotes that showcase your character，your interests，your values，your life experiences，your views of the world，your ambitions and even your sense of humor．
   Emphasize volunteer work or other ways you've helped people or made your community a better place．It helps if the activity is related to the subject you want to study．For example，Christopher Rim of Command Education Group，which coaches students，remembers that one student who wanted to become a dentist，set up a nonprofit and held fund-raisers to distribute toothbrushes，toothpaste and other dental products to homeleselters．Admissions staff members want to know how your presence will make the college a better place．
   Mention internships，summer courses，extracurricular activities or lab work that show steps you've taken to learn and understand your field of interest．That will help show you know the field you've chosen to study and are passionate about it．
   Explain with knowledge and passion why you want to study at this particular college rather than at others．Tell why the school's size，curriculum，social atmosphere，location，professors or history influenced your choice．
   Correct spelling，grammar and punctuation are critical．Use grammar，syntax and writing with a level of sophistication that shows you're ready for college．Never use text-style abbreviations or rude or profane language．After the essay is submitted，check your email and voice mail daily to make sure you see and respond promptly to messages from admissions staff members．Many students check only texts and sometimes miss emails asking follow-up questions or requesting an interview．
   Hafeez Lakhani of Lakhani Coaching summed up the essay this way： "Every college is like a dinner table．What will make you the most interesting contributor to that dinner table conversation？What will make you help everyone else have a more interesting experience？" A good essay，rich with anecdotes and personality，will answer those questions and stand out from the pile．

（1）What should be covered in an application essay？
A．Your community，summer courses，and extracurricular activities．
B．Your passion，sense of humor and your resume．
C．Your college，views of the world，and interest．
D．Your volunteer work，internships，and lab work．
（2）What does the underlined word "anecdotes" mean？
A．documents
B．stories
C．descriptions
D．jokes
（3）How to persuade the admissions staff members to accept you？
A．Your life experiences are rich enough to learn the courses well．
B．You are kind to the homeless and eager to donate daily necessities．
C．Your being present at the college will make it a better one．
D．You want to study at the school due to its popularity．
（4）Which of the following is appropriate according to the author？
A．Apply grammar and sentences which is not that simple．
B．Write the application in a style of text abbreviation．
C．Use vulgar language to show you really care．
D．Employ correct spelling and pronunciation．

共享时间:2020-06-12 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205489. （2020•莲湖区•高一下期末） Churchill，Manitoba is a small town．The northern winds roll through it from Canada's Hudson Bay．It might be just another point on the map if not for its seasonal settlers．
   It happens like clockwork every fall that hundreds of polar bears make their way through the town to the freezing bay where they hunt for seals after the ice packs enough to support their weight．The animals have been connected with Churchill since at least 1619．That's when Norwegian explorer Jens Munk and his sailors recorded making a meal of one bear while they wintered in the area． "It was of good taste and did not disagree with us．" That's what Munk wrote in his journal．
   Over the years，the animals' coming has earned the town the name of "Polar Bear Capital of the World．" Today，Churchill's bear population goes beyond its human population．There used to be about 7，000 residents but now only 813 living there．There was no such thing as an organized tour group to see the bears until 1980．The town might have been in terrible financial hardships．But the growing bear tourism industry helped．
   Today，some 10，000 tourists come to the town to see polar bears for six weeks in autumn every year．But the reasons why they come are different from before．Everyone was happier and they had such a good time seeing polar bears．Now things have changed because the word is out that this Western Hudson Bay population of bears，Churchill Bears，are going to be the first population of polar bears to die out．So when the tourists come up，they all have a little bit of a lump in their throats（如鲠在喉）because they're looking at a beautiful bear，but they're also looking at a dying-out bear，which makes the whole attitude toward the bears different．Unfortunately，that's becoming the major part of the whole attraction of the tours as well．Come and see the bears before it's too late．

（1）What can we learn about Churchill polar bears from the text？
A．They have eaten up the seals in the Hudson Bay．
B．They come to Churchill at the same time every year．
C．They move to Churchill to escape the northern winds．
D．They are so dangerous that most natives left their home．
（2）What did Munk report in his journal？
A．They fed many polar bears．
B．Polar bears were dangerous．
C．They hunted a bear for food．
D．They found some seals in the bay．
（3）How do polar bears benefit Churchill？
A．They make many people settle down．
B．They attract many hunters to come here．
C．They bring much tourist income．
D．They supply food to locals．
（4）What is the main reason why tourists go to Churchill now？
A．To say good-bye to Churchill Bears．
B．To help polar bears become happier．
C．To take photos with Churchill Bears．
D．To stop polar bears going to the town．

共享时间:2020-07-11 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202920. （2018•交大附中•六模） Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain，a group of leading archeologists says．In a letter addressed to the justice secretary，Ken Clarke，40 archaeologists write of their "deep and widespread concern" about the issue．It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years，regardless of their age．The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance．
   "Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remainould be reburied，whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension，is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice，" they write．
   The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites，including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3，000 BC．Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time，but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground．
   The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk，where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950，000 years ago．If human remains were found at Happisburgh，they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was．Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed．
   Before 2008，guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest，while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains．The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary，but has so far failed to revise it．
Mike Parker Pearson，an archaeologist at Sheffield University，said： "Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem，but we feel that we cannot wait any longer．"
   The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remainould be reburied，or on what recordould be kept．

（1）According to the passage，scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because        ．
A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remains．
B．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research．
C．it was introduced by the government without their knowledge．
D．it is unclear about where and how to rebury human remains．
（2）We can learn from the passage that        ．
A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time．
B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh．
C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time．
D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed．
（3）What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains？
A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains．
B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857．
C．The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades．
D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law．
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．New discoverieould be reburied，the government demands．
B．Research time should be extended，scientists require．
C．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion，authorities say．
D．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever，archeologists warn．

共享时间:2018-05-22 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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205425. （2020•西安中学•高二下期末） Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing．However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt．
   In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in．A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths．By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom．So did the king of England in 1546．Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way．Henry IV，king of France，was famously dirty．Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out．
   Though the belief in the merit（优点） of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century．Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health．Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease．Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II．Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine．Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？
   Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays．Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease．On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system．And the latter position is gaining some ground．

（1）The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because        ．
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C．they considered bathing as cause of skin disease
D．They believed disease could be spread in public baths
（2）Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing？
A．Curious
B．Afraid
C．Approving
D．Uninterested
（3）How does the passage mainly develop？
A．By following the order of time．
B．By making comparison．
C．By providing examples．
D．By following the order of importance．
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the passages？
A．To call attention to the danger of dirt．
B．To introduce the history of dirt．
C．To present the change of views on dirt．
D．To stress the role of dirt．

共享时间:2020-07-19 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202635. （2020•西安中学•四模） In the early days of sea travel，seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits．Many of them died of scurvy （坏血病），a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums （牙龈），livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion．On one occasion，in 1535，an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill．The men's lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat．Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors' diet and Captain Cook，on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand，established the fact that scurvy could be prevented by the supply of fresh fruit for the sailors．
   Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing．These elements are called "vitamins"．Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them，A，B，C，D，and so on．Different diseases are associated with shortages of particular vitamins．Even a slight lack of Vitamin C，for example，the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables，is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility （敏感度） to colds and influenza．
   The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet，including a variety of fruit and green vegetables．It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet，say during extended periods of religious fasting （斋戒），or when trying to lose weight，that it is necessary to make special supply to make up for the missing vitamins．

（1）Scurvy is a disease that is caused by       ．
A．salted meat and biscuits
B．exhaustion
C．lack of some essential substances
D．need of fresh vegetables and fruits
（2）To avoid such disease as scurvy，it's better for us       ．
A．not to eat much salted meat
B．to supply our diet with various vitamin pills
C．to have more fresh fruit and vegetables
D．to develop a good dietary habit
（3）Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough，       ．
A．vitamin pills are of no use
B．nutritious food might be unhealthy
C．vegetable leaves can be a good treatment
D．religious fasting may help out a lot
（4）Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage？
A．Shortages of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases．
B．Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body．
C．Vitamins play a vitally important role in people's health．
D．A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us．

共享时间:2020-04-26 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202939. （2017•师大附中•十一模） When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance，the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list．Music is nice ，people seem to say ，but not important．Too often it is viewed as entertainment，but certainly not an education priority（优先）．This view iortsighted．In fact，music education is beneficial and important for all students
   Music tells us who we are．Because music is an expression of the beings who create it，it reflects their thinking and values，as well as the social environment it came from．Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song．The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions．Music expresses our character and values．It gives us identity as a society．
   Music provides a kind of perception（视角）that cannot be acquired any other way．Science can explain how the sun rises and sets．The arts explore the emotive（情感的）meaning of the same phenomenon．We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason：No one way can get it all．
   The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols．They are ways we human beings "talk" to each other．They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears，our curiosities our hungers，our discoveries，our hopes．The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others．When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music，we take away from them the meanings that music expresses．
   So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize．

（1）According to paragraph 1，students       ．
A．regard music as a way of entertainment
B．disagree with their parents on education
C．view music as an overlooked subject
D．prefer the arts to science
（2）In Paragraph 2，the author uses jazz as an example to       ．
A．compare it with rock music
B．show music identifies a society
C．introduce American musical traditions
D．prove music influences people's lifestyles
（3）According to the passage ，the arts and science       ．
A．approach the world from different angles
B．explore different phenomena of the world
C．express people's feeling in different ways
D．explain what it means to be human differently
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Music education deserves more attention．
B．Music should be of top education priority．
C．Music is an effective communication tool．
D．Music education makes students more imaginative．

共享时间:2017-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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202958. （2017•师大附中•七模） Dreams can be familiar and strange，fantastical or boring，but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn．In a recent study，scientists found a connection between nap-time dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill．
   In the study，99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer，trying to get through a virtual maze（迷宫）．The maze was a different place each time they tired-making it even more difficult．They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was．
   For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break，half of the participants stayed awake and an half were told to take a short nap．Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts．Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams after sleeping-and they were awakened within a minute of sleeping to describe their dreams．Stickgold，a neuroscientist（神经科学家），wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren't moving during sleep．
   Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze．Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working；Others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze．When these four people tried the computer maze again，they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps．
   Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn't help a person learn-it's the other way around．He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning．
   All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time，which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreamow up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult．People who had other dreams，or people who didn't take a nap，didn't show the same improvement．

（1）After having a short nap，participants of the experiment were asked to       ．
A．stay in a．different place in the maze．
B．design a virtual maze which is difficult to get through．
C．try to remember something about their dreams
D．get through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place
（2）What can we learn from the text？
A．Participants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts．
B．Some dreams may encourage people to invent something new．
C．Participants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily．
D．Participants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find the tree faster．
（3）According to Stickgold，       ．
A．every person may dream about what they learned
B．people's brain processes may still be connected with their learning in their dreams
C．once people's eyes stop moving，they are sure to dream about something
D．no matter how fantastical or boring，dreams are connected with people's life
（4）What is the best title for this text？
A．Dreams Are Strange
B．Not All Dreams Are True
C．Dreaming Makes Perfect
D．Stickgold，a Dream Expert

共享时间:2017-06-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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203112. （2016•师大附中•十模） In my early 30s，I used an expired（过期的） student ID to buy discounted movie tickets．I'd tell myself，I'm buying a ticket I wouldn't have otherwise bought．I think many people have done similar things；however，we still think of ourselves as honest citizens．Researchers who study these behaviours believe that character isn't the real reason．We might break the rules under some conditions and in some mind-sets，but not in others．
Years ago，Francesca Gino，a professor at Harvard，and Dan Ariely，a behavioural economist at Duke，wondered if people with highter IQs were more likely to cheat．They found that cleverness wasn't closely connected to dishonesty，but creativity was．The more creative you are，the easier it is to retell the story of what happened when you behaved dishonestly．
Harvard University psychologist Joshua Greene argues in his book Moral Tribe that we may be born without having a clear sense of right and wrong，but our culture sharpens it．If your tribe downloads pirated（盗版）music，you're likely to go with the flow．
Harvard researcher Leslie John，along with two colleagues conducted an experiment．They told volunteers that others in the room were making more money than they were for getting questions right on a test．Guess what happened？That group，which considered itself disadvantaged，cheated more than those who believed that everyone received an equal payment．
The real threat is that rule breaking worsens over time．Behavioural psychology offers a few antidotes．Keep yourself fed and well-rested-we're likelier to behave badly when hungry or tied．Reflect on how your actions look through others' eyes and see yourselves in a positive light．In a Stanford study，when researchers uesed the verb cheat-please don't cheat-participants still cheated freely because they felt distanced （疏远）from the act．When the noun was used-don't be a cheater-hardly anyone did．
（1）According to Francesca Gino，who are likeliest to break the rules in a company？
A．Accountants．
B．Designers
C．Cleaners．
D．Typists．
（2）Why did volunteers in Leslie John's experiment cheat more than others？
A．Because they were not as smart as others．
B．Because they thought others cheated too．
C．Because they felt a sense of unfairness．
D．Because they were tired and hungry．
（3）The underlined word"antidotes"in the last paragraph can be replaced by        ．

A．explanations．

B．solutions

C．studies

D．novels．

（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．Why people break the rules．
B．How people break the rules．
C．The influence of breaking the rules．
D．Different ways of breaking the rules．

共享时间:2016-07-02 难度:1 相似度:1.5

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dygzyyyn

2023-11-17

高中英语 | 高一上 | 阅读理解

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