首页 > 试题列表 > 单题解析

204394. （2023•铁一中学•高二下期末） The word paradigm comes from the Greek.It was originally a scientific term，and is more commonly used today to mean a model or theory.In the more general sense，it's the way we"see" the world - not in terms of our visual sense of sight，but in terms of perceiving，understanding，and interpreting.
   A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps.We all know that "the map is not the
territory." A map is simply an explanation of certain aspects of the territory.That's exactly what a paradigm is.It is a theory，an explanation，or model of something else.You can never arrive at a specific location in a new city with a wrong map.
   Each of us has many maps in our head，which can be divided into two main categories：maps of the way things are，or realities，and maps of the way thingould be，or values.We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps.We seldom question their accuracy；we're usually even unaware that we have them.We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be.And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of those assumptions.The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act.
   We see the world，not as it is，but as we are -or，as we are conditioned to see it.Clearheaded people see things differently，each looking through the unique lens of experience.But this does not mean that there are no facts.Instead，each person's interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences.
   The more aware we are of our basic paradigms，maps，or assumptions，and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience，the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms，examine them，test them against reality，listen to others and be open to their perceptions，thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view.

（1）How does the author illustrate the concept of "paradigm"？
A．By comparing it to an everyday object.
B．By sorting it into different categories.
C．By presenting personal examples.
D．By highlighting a sharp contrast.
（2）What can be concluded about the mental maps mentioned in paragraph 3？
A．They fail to escape our attention.
B．They may be lacking in accuracy.
C．They prove wrong and unreliable.
D．They have little influence on behavior.
（3）Which of the following echoes the main idea of paragraph 4？
A．Great minds think alike.
B．All men have opinions，but few think.
C．Where we stand depends on where we sit.
D．The fewer the facts，the stronger the opinions.
（4）What does the author advocate in the last paragraph？
A．A better understanding of our paradigms.
B．A stronger sense of responsibility for others.
C．A more objective view of others' perceptions.
D．A more positive attitude toward life experience.

共享时间:2023-07-10 难度:2

纠错

下载

相似

组卷

[考点]

历史、社会与文化，说明文，

[答案]

见试题解答内容

[解析]

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps.（理解paradigm的一个简单方法是将它们视为地图）可知，作者通过将其与日常物品进行比较来阐释"范式"的概念。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps.We seldom question their accuracy；we're usually even unaware that we have them.We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. （我们通过这些思维地图来解释我们所经历的一切。我们很少质疑它们的准确性；我们通常甚至没有意识到我们有它们。我们只是简单地假设我们看待事物的方式就是它们真实的样子或它们应该的样子）可知关于第3段提到的思维地图，可以得出的结论是它们可能缺乏准确性。故选B。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段We see the world，not as it is，but as we are or，as we are conditioned to see it.Clearheaded people see things differently，each looking through the unique lens of experience.But this does not mean that there are no facts.Instead，each person's interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences.（我们不是按它本来的样子看世界，而是按我们自己角度或者我们的习惯于看世界。头脑清晰的人看待事物的方式不同，每个人都从独特的经验角度看问题）可知第4段的主要思想是我们站在哪里取决于我们坐在哪里。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后段The more aware we are of our basic paradigms，maps，or assumptions，and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience，the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms，examine them，test them against reality，listen to others and be open to their perceptions，thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view.（我们越了解我们的基本范式、地图或假设，以及我们受经验影响的程度，我们就越能对这些范式负责，检验它们，与现实进行测试，倾听他人的意见，接受他们的看法，从而获得更大的图景和更客观的观点）可知，作者在最后一段中主张更好地理解我们的范式。故选A。

[点评]

本题考查了"历史、社会与文化，说明文，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

转载声明：

本题解析属于发布者收集录入，如涉及版权请向平台申诉！！版权申诉

相似题 全部同步专题复习模拟真题联考专练月考周考期中期末单元寒假暑假副题

204259. （2023•长安区•高一上期末）     Soccer，known as football in most of the world，is one of the most popular sports today.Let's explore its history and how it developed and spread over the years.
    It is said that the history of soccer dates back as far as 2500 B．C．in London.In China，the most relevant （相关的） is the Chinese game of Tsu' Chu （Cuju） .Records of the game began during the Han Dynasty （206 B．C． — 220 A．D．） and it may have been a training exercise for soldiers.Players kicked a small ball into a net between two bamboo poles.The use of hands was not allowed，but a player could use his feet and other parts of his body.
    The modern shape of soccer was formed at the beginning of the 19th century.In 1848，the "Cambridge Rules" were founded at Cambridge University.After they graduated，adult football clubs became more common，players could continue to play the ball.
    The Football Association （FA） was created on October 26，1863.Over the years，more clubs joined the FA until the number reached 128 by 1887.In 1872，the first Football Association Cup was played in London.Other associations were formed，including the Football League in1888 in the north and midlands of the country，and the first championship league games were played.
    It did not take long for other European countries to accept the British love for soccer.Leagues began popping up throughout the world：the Netherlands and Denmark in 1889，Argentina in 1893，Chile in 1895，Switzerland and Belgium in 1895，Italy in 1898，Germany and Uruguay in 1900，Hungary in 1901，and Finland in 1907.It was not until 1903 that France formed their league.
    In 1930，the first-ever FIFA World Cup was held in Uruguay.There were 41 members of FIFA at that time.Today it has over 200 members and the World Cup is one of the biggest events of the year.

（1）What do we know about Chinese game of Tsu' Chu？
A．It began as far as 2500 B．C.
B．English soccer developed from it.
C．It was probably a training exercise for soldiers.
D．Players couldn't use other parts of their bodies.
（2）When was the Football Association created？
A．In 1930.
B．In 1907.
C．In 1895.
D．In 1863.
（3）What can we infer from the fifth paragraph？
A．Soccer spread worldwide.
B．Football clubs formed in America.
C．The whole world refused the British soccer.
D．200 members joined in the first-ever FIFA World Cup.
（4）What is the best title of the passage？
A．The Popularity of Football.
B．The Development of Football.
C．An Ancient Sport in China.
D．Some Football Competitions.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:2 相似度:2

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204773. （2022•周至县•高一上期末） Chinese archaeologists（考古学家）announced on Saturday that some new major discoveries have been made at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China，helping uncover another start of the Chinese civilization.
   Archaeologists have found six new sacrificial pits（祭祀坑）and unearthed more than 500 treasures dating back 3，000 years at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province.So far，archaeologists have unearthed masses of important cultural items from four of the pits，including pieces of gold masks，gold foil，bronze（青铜）masks，bronze trees and large numbers of ivories.The rest of the newly discovered pits arc still being dug up.
   "Surprisingly，we have unearthed some never-heard-of-before bronze items， "said Lei Yu，from the Sichuan Archaeology Research Institute. "For instance，some large and well-made bronze items have strange-looking dragon or cow designs on them. "
   In another major discovery，relics of silk products were found for the first time at Sanxingdui，which shows "the ancient Shu Kingdom was one of the important starts of silk in ancient China" according to Tang Fei，head of the digging team.
   The new pits sit next to two sacrificial pits discovered in 1986，with areas ranging between 30 square meters and 19 square meters.Together they form an area in which people of the ancient Shu civilization held ceremonies to offer sacrifices to heaven，earth and their forefathers，and prayed for good luck and peace.
   The Sanxingdui Ruins is regarded as one of the greatest archaeological finds of mankind in the 20th century.The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer in the 1920s.The ruins are located in the city of Guanghan，about 60 kilometers from Chengdu and are believed to be the relics of the Shu Kingdom.

（1）What can we learn from the second paragraph？
A．Totally there are 500 treasures unearthed.
B．Six new sacrificial pits are under repair.
C．The unearthed treasures date from 3000 years ago.
D．There are six sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui.
（2）What was the main function of the sacrificial pits？
A．To celebrate festivals.
B．To store valuable items.
C．To bury important figures.
D．To hold sacrifice ceremonies.
（3）Who first discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins？
A．A farmer.
B．Lei Yu.
C．Tang Fei.
D．Archaeologists.
（4）What does the underlined word " regarded" mean in the last paragraph？
A．Searched.
B．Considered.
C．Exploded.
D．Decorated

共享时间:2022-02-26 难度:2 相似度:2

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

202263. （2022•西安三中•五模） Many linguists （语言学家） predicted in the 1960s that accents would disappear in America.As Americans moved across the country，they said English would become standardized，meaning that it would be spoken the same way everywhere.But sociolinguist William Labov of the University of Pennsylvania says，while some accents in America are disappearing，others are growing stronger.
   One of these regional accents is Native American English，known as the "rez accent".It is spoken in many Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada.The word "rez" iortened from the word "reservation".Reservations are areas of land in the United States and Canada that are kept separate for Native Americans or Indigenous people to live in.
   Kalina Newmark is from the Sahtu Region in Canada's Northwest Territories.Her ancestors were called the Dene people，but she does not speak her tribe's language of Slavey. "My mom can understand and speak it，but she didn't pass it on to us.She learned it from her great-grandmother.My grandmother chose not to pass along the language because she wanted to make it easier for her children when they went to school，" Newmark said.Newmark went to Dartmouth College in the U.S.state of New Hampshire.The school is known for its Indigenous student population.There，she met other Indigenous students from all over North America.Newmark noticed something very interesting about everyone's pronunciation.The English they spoke shared some similar qualities，although they came from different language backgrounds.These especially could be heard during times of socializing.The accent was even present for students who had not learned their ancestral language.Indigenous communities speak different English dialects，but these ways of speaking shared prosody （韵律学） patterns.
   The rez accent possibly came from different Native tribes interacting in the 1880s when Indigenous peoples were placed on reservations.The Native American and First Nations children were forced into school and had to speak English.The rez accent also might have had its beginning in the 1950s and 1960s when the US government closed some reservations and sent Native American into cities.The children were forced to speak English and interact with each other. "They were all learning English together，" said Newmark， "and making an English of their own."

（1）What can we infer from Kalina Newmark's experience？
A．She learnt her tribe's language from her mother.
B．Her ancestors spoke English with rez accent.
C．Native American students account for a considerable percentage in her school.
D．Indigenous students speak English in exactly the same way in the school.
（2）Which statement is TRUE about the "rez accent"？
A．It is a shared pattern of speaking English among the Indigenous population.
B．It originated from the Native Americans' ancestral languages.
C．Us government is worried about the tendency of speaking English with rez accent.
D．The reason for the continuing growth of rez accent has been confirmed.
（3）How does the author introduce the topic of the text？
A．By making a comparison.
B．By analyzing a reason.
C．By giving an example.
D．By having an argument.
（4）What is the main idea of the text？
A．Accents of American English are disappearing.
B．Native Americans speak English with a similar accent.
C．Indigenous people obtain rez accent from their ancestors.
D．The majority of Americans don't speak standardized English.

共享时间:2022-05-12 难度:2 相似度:2

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204297. （2023•西咸新区•高二下期末） We truly are what we eat —and what our ancestors ate.Food has changed who we are and how we developed for hundreds of thousands of years.From processing（加工） to preserving to cooking，what humans did and continue to do to food played a big role in shaping our evolution（进化）.
   "Processed food isn't just a modern invention.It's as old as human itself and may have helped create our species，"wrote Nicholas Temple，author of The Best Before：The Evolution and Future of Processed Food for the BBC.
   Although processing is viewed negatively nowadays，it was important to our development as a species.Processing doesn't necessarily mean adding chemicals.It also includes pounding or slicing or changing the food in any way before eating.Compared to our ancestors，modern humans teeth，jaws and faces have gotten smaller because of making food easier to chew，especially from cooking.
   Cooking food was one of the biggest changes in human history.Researchers believe it could have occurred between 1.8 million to 400，000 years ago.Without cooking，an average of person would have to eat around five kilos of raw（未加工的） food to survive and will have to spend most of the day eating.Also，up to 50%of women who only eat raw foods develop a condition that signals that the body can't support a pregnancy（怀孕）—a major problem for evolution，according to Science American.Processing food leads to a huge gain in leisure time.The less time people spent chewing，the more time they had to develop complex spoken language.Cooking food also breaks down its cells.So our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients and save more energy，which could then be used to power a large brain.
   Processed food actually shaped us as a species and made us human—the only species on earth who can cook.

（1）Why are modern humans teeth and jaws smaller？
A．Because they look much more beautiful.
B．Because they are suitable for cooked food.
C．Because humans become small in size.
D．Because humans have to adapt to modern life.
（2）What problem does eating raw food cause？
A．It takes people much time and energy.
B．It stops the evolution of human beings.
C．It causes people's stomach to work less.
D．It slows the development of written language.
（3）What can we learn from the passage？
A．Only modern people process food.
B．Some animals can cook food as humans.
C．Processed food is of great value to humans.
D．People began to process food in recent years.
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To introduce various ways to process food in human history.
B．To uncover the details about the development of human food.
C．To present the findings of a study about food in human history.
D．To explain the importance of processed food to human beings.

共享时间:2023-07-06 难度:2 相似度:2

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204422. （2023•铁一中学•高二上期末） As the climate warms，birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing，according to a new study.Researchers analyzed 70，716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years.The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
   "We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks，an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
   "The species were pretty diverse，but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency waocking."
   He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events，like migration and birth.But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
   "That's one major implication，" he said， "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration."
   The findingowed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%.Over the same time，the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
   The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size，which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
   "Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，" Mr.Weeks said，explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
   He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
   The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off，losing body heat more quickly.

（1）What's the best title for the text？
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
（2）What made Brian Weeks feel astonished？
A．It took 40 years to collect 70，716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
（3）What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean？
A．Tiring.
B．Important
C．Easy.
D．Pleasant
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.

共享时间:2023-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

202520. （2021•西安中学•二模） Researchers studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） in the United States and looked at the relationship between cups of coffee drunk per day and both total body fat percentage and abdominal or trunk fat.
   They found that women aged 20---40 who drank two or three cups of coffee per day had the lowest level of obesity，3.4% lower than people who did not consume coffee.Among women aged between 45-69，those who drank four or more cups had an obesity percentage 4.1% lower.
   Overall，the average total body fat percentage was 2.8% lower among women of all ages who drank two or three cups of coffee per day.
   The findings were consistent whether the coffee consumed was caffeinated（含咖啡因的）or decaffinated and among smokers/non-smokers and those suffering from chronic diseases（慢性病） when compared to those in good health.
   In men，the relationship was less significant although men aged 20-44 who drank two or three cups per day had 1.3% less total fat and 1.8% less trunk fat than those who didn't consume coffee.
   Around 7 million tons of coffee is consumed globally every year.Dr.Lee Smith，senior author of the study，said： "Our research suggests that there may be active compounds in coffee other than caffeine that manage weight and which could potentially be used as anti-obesity compounds."
   "It could be possible that coffee，or its effective ingredients could be integrated into a healthy diet strategy to reduce the burden of chronic conditions related to the obesity，" Dr.Lee Smith added. "It's important to interpret the findings of this study in light of its limitations - the study was at a specific point in time so trends cannot be established.However，we don't believe that someone's weight is likely to influence their coffee consumption."

（1）What can be inferred from the text？
A．Coffee has less effect on men than women in fat according to the findings.
B．The women aged 20-44 like to drink two or three cups of coffee per day.
C．The researchers found that the coffee consumers preferred caffeinated coffee.
D．Trends will be established to limit people's weight by their coffee consumption.
（2）What in coffee mainly influences body fat according to Dr.Lee Smith？
A．The caffeine.
B．The decaffeinated.
C．The effective compounds.
D．The rich nutrition.
（3）What might the study be used for？
A．Developing a new coffee.
B．The treatment of obesity.
C．The treatment of heart disease.
D．The study of physical differences between the sexes.
（4）Where is this text most likely from？
A．A diary.
B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.
D．A magazine.

共享时间:2021-03-16 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

202501. （2021•西安中学•一模） Free school meals are back in the news.Footballer Marcus Rashford's petition（请愿书） to extend free school meals provision （供给） into the school holidays has collected 1.1 million signatures，causing the government to reverse policy.It has restarted the debate over free school meals，fuelled，most recently，by figures forecasting that if the government ends as planned the current ￡20 top-up（附加款），another 200，000 children will slip into poverty.This is in addition to the 550，000 children already living in poverty previous to COVID-19.
   The roots of the current school meals system lie in the mid-19th century.In Manchester，independent charities as well as official bodies started to provide free meals for undernourished children in the 1870s.When education became compulsory in the following decades，the extent of the issue became apparent.Proponents of feeding starving children pointed out that it was due to government order that children were in school，not working and contributing to the family food budget，so the government should pay.
   Reception was mixed.Then，as now，children rejected foods they weren't used to.Diaries of the time talked of "little bags of mystery" （sausages）.Some children were put off brassicas （芥菜类） for life.Finding the balance between cheap and good proved hard.The chief medical officer talked about the lack in calorie value and elements of a well-balanced diet which a needy child does not get at home，such as milk，cheese，eggs，green vegetables，fruit and meat.In 1980，the Tory government，desperate to cut costs，made provision largely optional and abolished nutritional standards.Over the next 15 years convenience and cost became the most important.
   Today，school meals provision is linked to benefits：in England around 17 percent of children are entitled to free school meals.Provision is outsourced （外包），leading to huge variation.In the last year，we've seen all of the age-old debates repeated once more.How do we decide who is entitled？How do we guarantee quality？Who decides what children eat？Who pays？Undernutrition does not just have physical effects，but also affects behavior and ability to learn.It has a lifelong impact.The arguments around free school meals seem never to end.But they are hugely important and，until poverty is ended，they will not and should not go away.

（1）Why did Marcus Rashford start the petition？
A．To feed an increasing number of children in poverty.
B．To restart the debate over free school meals.
C．To raise fund for hunger relief for children.
D．To lift children out of poverty.
（2）What does the paragraph 2 probably talk about？
A．Manchester and independent charities set up school free meals.
B．It was government that should pay for the school meals.
C．How did the current school meals system come into existence？
D．It was compulsory education that contributed to free school meals.
（3）What can we infer about school meals from paragraph 3？
A．Some children liked brassicas provided in the school.
B．School meals were both tasty and cheap.
C．School meals failed to meet children's nutritional needs.
D．The Tory government chose nutrition over cost.
（4）What does the writer think of the debates over free school meals？
A．Never-ending.
B．Meaningless.
C．Influential.
D．Necessary.

共享时间:2021-03-08 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204497. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末） Fast walkers may live longer than dawdlers （缓慢的人）— regardless of their weight，a new study suggests.
    Researchers at Leicester University analyzed data on 474，919 people with an average age of 52 in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2016.They found women who walked briskly had a life expectancy of 86.7 to 87.8 years old，and men who kept up the pace had a life expectancy of 85.2 to 86.8.Slow walkers hadn't much encouraging prospects （前景）：women had a life expectancy of 72.4，and men of 64.8 years old，if they were more leisurely in their movements.According to the paper，published last week，that ratio held true even if the fast walkers were severely overweight.It does not necessarily mean fast walkers will live longer.Experts say it suggests walking speed could be a simple way for doctors to judge their patients' general health alongside other tests.
   It is hardly the first study holding up walking speed as a powerful evidence that appears to improve and determine our health.
   In 2011，the Journal of the American Medical Association （JAMA） published a study by Stephanie Studenski，who found the same：walking speed was a reliable predictor of life expectancy.
   In 2013，US researchers found walking pace was linked to lower heart disease risk and longer life expectancy.In 2018，a study from the University of Sydney found picking up your walking pace to even an "average speed" could cut your risk of premature death by a fifth.
   And Tom Yates，the physical activity professor at Leicester who's behind the latest study，has been publishing findings on this connection for years.
   In 2017，he analyzed the same UK Biobank data and found walking speed appeared to affect the risk of dying from heart disease — concluding that the slowest walkers were twice as likely to suffer a heart-related death compared to quick walkers.

（1）What does the underlined word "briskly" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．Casually.
B．Quickly.
C．Actively.
D．Energetically.
（2）What does the paper published last week show？
A．Most fast walkers are overweight.
B．Fast walkers have a simple way of living.
C．Walking speed can help doctors know about their patients' general health.
D．Doctors will surely have better ways to cure their patients of their illness.
（3）What did US researchers find？
A．Walking slowly is bad for people's health.
B．Walking speed can predict a person's life expectancy.
C．People won't die early by increasing their walking pace.
D．Lower heart disease risk is determined partly by walking pace.
（4）What's the best title for the text？
A．Fast Walkers May Have a Long Life Expectancy
B．Life Expectancy Is Determined by Exercise
C．Researchers Try to Improve Life Expectancy
D．The Public Doubt Researches on Walking Speed

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204904. （2022•雁塔二中•高二下期末） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
   The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
   The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
   Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2022-07-14 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204942. （2022•阎良区•高二下期末） Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016，accounting for nearly one in ten deaths，according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018. "It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health，" said Sadie Boniface，head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies.While there is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking，with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health，according to a recent study.
   In the observational study，researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25，000 people in the UK，and their brain scans.The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter—regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed，" according to lead author Anya Topiwala，a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
   "The more people drank，the less the volume of their gray matter，" Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia （痴呆）.Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing，" she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this （0.8%），it was a greater contribution than other 'changeable' risk factors，" she said，explaining that changeable risk factors are "ones you can do something about，in contrast to aging."
   The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns，beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking—meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it.They also found no evidence that the type of drink—such as wine，spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain.
   However，certain characteristics，such as high blood pressure or obesity，could put people at higher risk，researchers added.So we shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks.

（1）How was the observational study developed？
A．By comparing brain and health.
B．By comparing people and the researchers.
C．By comparing information and gray matter.
D．By comparing alcohol intake and brain scans.
（2）What is the result of the research？
A．Drinking wine have no impact on brain.
B．Drinking spirits have more impact on brain.
C．Drinking alcohol can cause reducing of brain volume.
D．Drinking alcohol can lead to obesity.
（3）Which of the following groups has a higher risk when drinking alcohol？
A．People drinking more types.
B．People with high blood pressure.
C．People selling the wine.
D．People with diabetes.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？
A．Stay Away From Alcohol.
B．Lack of Sleep.
C．Consumer Health.
D．Keep-fit Exercise.

共享时间:2022-07-12 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

202388. （2021•西安中学•十模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have turned ordinary sheets of wood into transparent material that is nearly as clear as glass，but stronger and with better insulating properties（隔热性）.It could become an energy efficient building material in the future.
   Wood is made of two basic ingredients：cellulose，which are tiny fibres，and lignin （木质素），which is a glue-like material that bonds the fibres together to give it strength.The lignin also contains molecules called chromophores，which give the wood its brown color and prevent light from passing through.
   Early attempts to make transparent wood involved removing the lignin，but this involved harmful chemicals，high temperatures and a lot of time，making the product expensive and somewhat fragile.The new technique is so cheap and easy that it could literally be done in a backyard.
   Starting with pieces of wood a meter long and one millimeter thick，the scientists simply brushed on a solution（溶液）of hydrogen peroxide using an ordinary paint brush.When left in the sun，or under a UV lamp for an hour or so，the peroxide remove color from the brown chromophores but left the lignin undamaged，so the wood turned white.Next，they filled the wood with a tough transparent epoxy，which filled in the spaces in the wood and then hardened.This made the white wood transparent.
   As window material，it would be much more resistant to accidental breakage.The clear wood is lighter than glass，with better insulating properties，which is important because windows are a major source of heat loss in buildings.It also might take less energy to produce clear wood because there are no high temperatures involved.
   Transparent wood could become an alternative to glass in energy efficient buildings，or perhaps coverings for solar panels in harsh environments.There could be no end of uses.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of wood strength.
B．The characteristics of wood.
C．The causes of wood color.
D．The structure of wood.
（2）How did the researchers make wood transparent in the past？
A．By removing the lignin.
B．By reducing chemicals.
C．By lowering the temperature.
D．By changing the experiment site.
（3）What is the function of the epoxy？
A．To make the wood stronger.
B．To take away the brown color.
C．To turn the wood transparent.
D．To fill the spaces in the wood.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Replacing Glass with Wood
B．Turning Wood Transparent
C．Energy Saving Material
D．Eco-friendly Alternative

共享时间:2021-07-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

202368. （2021•西安中学•四模） Sure，chocolate is a delicious treat，and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts.But it's not a health food，so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right？
   Well，it turns out that eating chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit.According to research conducted by five scientists in Italy，compounds found in chocolate，called flavanols，can help boost cognitive （认知的） performance.Yup，chocolate's good for your brain.
   The scientists，studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila，summarized research from ten different studies.The studies assessed people's performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate.The results were pretty telling：in nine out of the ten studies，there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate.The scientists found improvements in "general cognition，attention，processing speed and working memory." Sounds pretty good to us!
   And that's not all.In subjects，especially women，who performed the tests while sleep-deprived，the flavanols helped relieve the negative effects of the sleep deprivation.And there's even more good news.The researchers also found that eating chocolate daily （over periods ranging from five days to three months） produced noticeable long-term improvements in cognition.Older adults，whose memories were already declining，saw an especially significant improvement.
   All chocolate has flavanols，since they occur naturally in cocoa.However，dark chocolate lovers feel happy，because it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate.In fact，the scientists themselves have claimed that，after doing this research，they've started eating dark chocolate every day!
   Now，we're not saying you should start eating chocolate for breakfast，lunch and dinner - it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients.But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night，snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic.

（1）What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．As much as possible.
B．For three meals.
C．In right amount.
D．Not in the least
（2）How does a student perform while learning after eating chocolate？
A．He memorizes less than before.
B．He can't concentrate on lessons in the slightest.
C．He becomes more excited.
D．He understands what the teacher says faster.
（3）According to the passage，if your memory fails，what should you do？
A．Eat chocolate as three meals.
B．Use chocolate as a daily snack.
C．Hunt for dark chocolate.
D．Ask a doctor for advice.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage？
A．Chocolate is a beneficial but unhealthy food.
B．Eating chocolate benefits our learning.
C．Eating chocolate works on your sleep.
D．Chocolate contains low nutrients.

共享时间:2021-04-22 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204961. （2022•阎良区•高二上期末） What makes a human being？Is it our thoughts？Our emotions？Our behavior？All of these things make us who we are，but at the center of the matter is the genome（基因组）-the genes inside our bodies that may determine everything from our hair colour to our intelligence.But if we could change our genome，what would it mean to us？
   In an online video posted on Nov 26，He Jiankui，a biological researcher from Southern University of Science and Technology in China，said that he had helped to make the world's first genetically edited babies.
   These are twin girls，born in November，with genes edited in an attempt to help them fight against possible future infection with the AIDS virus.
   He said that he chose to do this because HIV infections are a big problem in China. "I feel such a strong responsibility that it's not just to make a first，but also to set an example，" he told the Associated Press（AP）.
   The announcement has caused an international storm.Some believe that success will benefit the families of HIV patients.Considering that HIV is "a major and growing public health threat，" attempted gene editing for HIV is justifiable，Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church told AP.
   However，others think that gene editing technology is still unsafe to attempt.
   "Gene editing itself is experimental and is still associated with unexpected mutations（突变），causing genetic problems early and later in life，including the development of cancer，" Julian Savuleseu，a specialist in ethics at the University of Oxford，told BBC News.
   Others fear that this could open the door to using gene editing technology to make designer babies.It might give the parents the choices to choose everything from their baby's eye color to intelligence.
   "You could find wealthy parents buying the latest upgrades for their children，leading to even greater inequality than we already live with，" Marcy Darnovsky，director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics，told BBC News.

（1）Why did He Jiankui make the genetically edited babies？
A．Because he wanted to be a leader in gene editing technology.
B．Because he tried to do his part in fighting against HIV infection.
C．Because he attempted to help the twin girls who were infected with AIDS.
D．Because he wanted to become the first to make the genetically edited babies in the world.
（2）What does the underlined word "justifiable" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Absurd.
B．Hopeless.
C．Skilful.
D．Acceptable.
（3）For those who are against gene editing technology，their reasons are as follows EXCEPT        .
A．Gene editing can determine everything inside a person's body
B．Gene editing may widen the gap between the rich and the poor
C．Gene editing may enable wealthy parents to design their babies
D．Gene editing can cause genetic problems sooner or later in life
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
A．Gene Editing：The Genie in the Bottle.
B．Gene Editing：The Way We Should Go.
C．Gene Editing：Hope or Fear for Human Beings.
D．Gene Editing：A Great Success in Human History.

共享时间:2022-02-10 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

206073. （2016•七十中•高二下期末） No one can change the weather．Nobody can control the weather．But if we read correctly the signs around us，we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be．This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting．
For many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting．Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain．That many people feel their joints（关节） hurt is a sign of wet weather．Some birds fly high if the weather is fine，but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way．If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．Such rainbows come in the evening．If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue．If a fog appears in the morning just above a river，then the day will be warm．If the sunset is mostly red in color，then the following day will be fine．If a rainbow appears in the morning，rainy weather will probably come．
Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting．
（1）Which is true about weather forecasting？
A．Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like．
B．Weather forecasting is a report about the weather．
C．Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain．
D．People can change the weather forecasting．
（2）Which of the following can be used here to replace the underlined phrase"on the way"？
A．continuing
B．reducing．
C．coming．
D．disappearing．
（3）Which of the following signs can tell the weather will probably be rainy？
A．Some birds fly high．
B．A rainbow appears in the morning．
C．The sunset is mostly red in color．
D．Fogs appear in the morning just above a river．
（4）The best title of the passage is       ．
A．Weather forecasting plays an important role in our life
B．Weather forecasting can bring people some signs of weather
C．Weather is forecasted only by eyes and brains．
D．People can predict weather by experience in daily life．

共享时间:2016-07-21 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

204981. （2022•铁路中学•高二上期末） A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
   The system，called Driver Alert，aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%-40% that are caused by tiredness.Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
   Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband（腕带）.The device，worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey.After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel（方向盘）.A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver's response.
   Tiredness is directly related to a driver's response time.Usually，a watchful driver would use about 400 milliseconds to respond，but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds，it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
   In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds，showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest.If the driver's response continues to slow down，the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
   The device has been delivered to the department's laboratories for testing.If these tests，scheduled for six months' time，are successful，the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.

（1）Driver Alert is a device that can         .
A．keep drivers asleep
B．change drivers' response accuracy
C．reduce the possibility of accidents
D．protect drivers when accidents happen
（2）What does the underlined word "fatigue" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A．Illness.
B．Tiredness.
C．Carelessness.
D．Impoliteness.
（3）How does Driver Alert work？
A．By being used as a nonstop alarm all the time.
B．By squeezing the steering wheel on the way.
C．By reminding or warning drivers if necessary.
D．By being worn on drivers' hands every moment.
（4）What do we know about Driver Alert？
A．It must be fixed on the driver's cars.
B．It aims to prevent drivers from sleeping.
C．It has gone through testing at laboratories.
D．It isn't available to drivers at the moment.

共享时间:2022-02-07 难度:1 相似度:1.5

解析

纠错

下载

组卷

dygzyyyn

2023-07-10

高中英语 | 高二下 | 阅读理解

下载量
浏览量
收益额

相关试卷 更多>>

2022-2023学年陕西省西安市铁一中学高二（下）期末英语试卷

更新:2023-07-10 06:00浏览量:3

普通登录

手机登录

微信扫码立即登录