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202206. （2022•长安区一中•五模） Reading minds may not be simple，but it might be possible actually.What if a brain scan could reveal your memories？A team of British scientists recently just did that-they used brain scans to look at spatial（空间的）memory in four people.Spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are.You use spatial memory to remember how to get from your house to school.People build spatial memory as they explore a new city or a new building and take in information about their surroundings.
   The scientists asked each participant to sit down at a computer and wander through 3 D rooms.These virtual rooms contained images of objects，like clocks and doors，so that the people could know where they were.Each person was encouraged to explore the virtual space.
   As the people became familiar with these rooms，their brains were taking notes of where things were，and how to get from one point to another.After observing these rooms，the participants were instructed to go to a specific location within the rooms.At this point，the scientists took pictures of the people's brains using an instrument called FMRI（核磁共振成像） .
   As participants stared at the floor，the scientists took FMRI scans to measure brain activity.They repeated this process many times.After a few repetitions，the scientists recognized the patterns in the participants' brains.By looking at patterns on the brain scans，the scientists were able to read the spatial memory of the test subjects.
   This experiment shows that it is possible to use FMRI to gather some kinds of memories from people.However，your secret thoughts and personal memories are safe-for now. "It is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read his private thoughts，" said one of the scientists who worked on the project.

（1）What can we learn about spatial memory from the first paragraph？
A．It contributes to exploring a new subject.
B．It lets you remember what has been done.
C．It helps you memorize places where you are.
D．It takes in information about new knowledge.
（2）Which of the following is the right order of the study？
a.The scientists took photos of the brains with the FMRI.
b.The scientists read the spatial memory of the participants.
c.The participants were asked to explore virtual rooms.
d.The scientists repeated the process a few times.
A．a，b，c，d
B．c，a，d，b
C．b，c，d，a
D．c，d，a，b
（3）Why are our secret mind and private memories safe？
A．Because FMRIs can't gather any memory from people.
B．Because scientists can't understand all pictures taken by FMRIs.
C．Because FMRIs can't be completely reliable now.
D．Because scientists can't read people's thoughts directly.
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？
A．Spatial memory and FMRIs.
B．What is spatial memory.
C．How scientists can read people's memories.
D．A new kind of camera-FMRIs.

共享时间:2022-05-06 难度:2

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科技，说明文，

[答案]

CBDA

[解析]

（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段的Spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are.（空间记忆是一种用来记住你所处位置的记忆）可知，空间记忆可以帮助你记住你所处的位置。故选C。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的Each person was encouraged to explore the virtual space.（每个人都被鼓励去探索虚拟空间）可知，首先让参与者探索虚拟空间；根据第三段的At this point，the scientists took pictures of the people's brains using an instrument called FMRI（在这一点上，科学家们使用一种名为FMRI的仪器拍摄了这些人的大脑）可知，接着科学家们对他们的大脑进行了功能磁共振成像扫描；根据第四段的They repeated this process many times.（他们多次重复这个过程）可知，然后科学家把这个过程重复了很多次。根据第四段的By looking at patterns on the brain scans，the scientists were able to read the spatial memory of the test subjects.（通过观察大脑扫描的模式，科学家们能够读出测试对象的空间记忆）可知，最后科学家们阅读了参与者的空间记忆。故正确顺序是c，a，d，b。故选B。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"It is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read his private thoughts，"said one of the scientists who worked on the project.（参与该项目的一位科学家说："我们不能对一个人进行脑部扫描，然后简单地读取他的私人想法"）可知，我们的秘密思想和私人记忆是安全，这是因为科学家不能直接去读取人的想法。故选D。
（4）A.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段A team of British scientists recently just did that﹣they used brain scans to look at spatial memory in four people.（一组英国科学家最近刚刚做，他们使用脑部扫描看4人的空间记忆）以及第三段At this point，the scientists took pictures of the people's brains using an instrument called FMRI.（在这一点上，科学家们用一种叫做功能磁共振成像的仪器拍摄了这些人的大脑）可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们正在进行一个试验，该实验利用FMRI来了解人们大脑里的空间记忆的内容。由此可知，文章主要谈论了空间记忆和FMR1，故选A。

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本题考查了"科技，说明文，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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213136. （2024•鄠邑四中•高一下期中） Facial recognition cameras are everywhere，including in your smartphone.Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones，open doors or make quick payments，but everyone is wearing mask.What a hassle!
   Now，tech companies have updated their software.Facial recognition technology can now identify people even if they are wearing a mask.
   Beijing based tech company Hanwang has announced a software which can correctly recognize 95 percent of people wearing masks，Engineering &.Technology（E &.T） reported.
   What's the secret？It's all about your eyes.
   Marios Savvides，a professor at Carnegie Mellon University，US，studies facial recognition technology. "As we get older，" he said， "our faces change shape，but not the area around our eyes，It stays the same even if we put on weight."
   Another company has also been working on this kind of software.Tech5 has AI that measures the shape of your face.It also scans your iris （the colored part of your eyes）.Tech5 hopes to ignore all of the face below the nose.
   Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone.It's about public safety.Touehless verification （验证） has become extremely important due to the COVID 19，More than that，facial recognition can be used to fight crime （犯罪）."It can detect crime suspects，" said Hung Lei，Hanwang's CEO.Hanwang's technology is used by police in high-security settings. 'This means places like government buildings，subway stations and airports，Hung admits one big weakness of this new technology：It fails when people wear both masks and sunglasses.
   "In this situation，all of the key facial information is lost，but I believe we can overcome the weakness in the future，" said Huang.

（1）What does the underlined word "hassle" in paragraph 1 mean？
A．Rule.
B．Habit.
C．Mistake.
D．Problem.
（2）What makes the software recognize people wearing masks？
A．The eye area.
B．The shape of face.
C．The color of the eyes.
D．The facial expression.
（3）What is Huang Lei's attitude towards the software？
A．Anxious.
B．Positive.
C．Doubtful.
D．Uncertain.
（4）What can we know about the new technology from the last paragraph？
A．It needs further improving.
B．It will be less popular in the future.
C．It won't work if people wear glasses.
D．It cannot store key facial information.

共享时间:2024-05-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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203207. （2016•西安中学•二模） Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假设），about what is happening．Then he does an experiment to test his theory．If the results are as expected，then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct．If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected，then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test．
  In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature，but they did not always prove them by experiment．For example，the great Greek thinker Aristotle，had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects．People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong．
   Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common-sense theory：
   Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直径） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．
   Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．
   Step 3：Crumple （压皱） the paper into a tight wad （块状物）．
   Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．
   Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it．A common-sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath．Now do your experiment to see what really happens．
   If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle，the experiment gave you unexpected results．In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction．A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind （旋风） of air currents （气流） in the closed space which push the wad out．
（1）The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to show        ．
A．he was a greater thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
（2）According to the passage，what is not required in the four-step experiment？
A．A pair of scissors．
B．A piece of paper．
C．A bottle．
D．A strong breath．
（3）What's the best title for the passage？
A．Come to Nature with Scientists
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle
D．Watch Out for Common Sense．

共享时间:2016-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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203901. （2024•莲湖区•高二上期末）     Plastic is everywhere in our modern world.Its toughness makes it an extremely useful material from household items to vehicle parts，but that same toughness makes it hard to break down for recycling or disposal（处理）.However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.
    Based on a kind of plastic called an epoxy resin vitrimer，which is brittle（脆性的），the new plastic boasts a huge range of advantages.Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150℃for just 60 seconds.When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up.It does all of this much faster than others of its type.
   The new plastic can also break down easier.Even if it's discarded（丢弃） into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days.It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules（分子） that are essential food for marine life.
   The new plastic is more resistant to breaking.It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment，according to Shota Ando，a researcher of the study.
   The material can be used in a variety of applications."Infrastructure materials for roads and bridges are often composed of epoxy resins mixed with compounds such as concrere and carbon，"said Ando."By using the new plastic，these would be easier to maintain as they would be stronger and healable using heat.Unlike conventional epoxy resins，this new material is hard but stretchable，so it could also be expected to strongly bond materials of different hardness and stretch."

（1）What is the author's purpose in writing paragraph 1？
A.To highlight the importance of plastic.
B.To show the disadvantages of plastic.
C.To introduce the topic of the text.
D.To indicate his views on previous plastic.
（2）What do the underlined words "patch itself up" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Change itself.
B.Repair itself.
C.Shape itself.
D.Burn itself.
（3）What do we know about the new plastic？
A.It is safe for animals in the ocean.
B.It can provide nutrition for animals.
C.It can change itape when frozen.
D.It is more brittle than previous plastic.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A.Research Of New Molecules
B.An Interesting Scientific Study
C.The Widespread Application Of Plastic
D.A New Environmentally Friendly Plastic

共享时间:2024-02-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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203713. （2024•西安中学•高二下期末） From sleep machines to AI-controlled house cleaning robots，a wide variety of advanced technologies and products are being exhibited at the 4th China International Import Expo（CIIE）in Shanghai.Here are some products you don't want to miss.
   Electric bicycle Brina 2
   For many people，a daily commute（通勤）is often a source of headache.Emove Inc，an exhibitor from Argentina，has presented electric bicycle Brina 2 as a solution.Running on long-range batteries，the e-bike has a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour.Almost all the components are designed within the carbon fiber frame.Its scientific design makes the ride more stable and comfortable than other conventional e-bikes.
   AI robot—a right-hand assistant for life and production
   AI robot from AgileRobotsAG，a leading intelligent robotics company from Germany，helps make life and work easier.With the ability to synthesize（综合）and adjust motion tracks in real-time，the robot is a great assistant.For instance，it can aid humans in tasks like loading and unloading，polishing and quality inspection.
   Power-PROXT---a reliable stretcher bed
   Power-PROXT is an electric ambulance stretcher bed designed by Stryker Corporation from the U.S..Compared with traditional stretchers，Power-PROXT is driven by a high-speed motor that enables it to easily lift or lower a load weighing 318 kilograms within 2.4 seconds.More importantly，it can smoothly and safely lift and move，providing greater safety for patients.
   Sleeping cabin—a night guard for sound sleep
   A recent study found that more than two-thirds of surveyed university students in Brazil are experiencing poor sleep quality.The sleeping cabin made by The Dow Chemical Company from the U.S.can provide its users a better sleep.As a combination of great material and technology，the cabin can provide customers with a deeper and more refreshing sleeping experience.

（1）Which product most probably interests a factory manager？
A．Brina2.
B．AI robot.
C．Power-PROXT.
D．Sleeping cabin.
（2）What can Power-PROXT be used for？
A．Travel to work.
B．Quality control.
C．First aid.
D．Sleep improvement.
（3）Which word can best describe these products？
A．Cutting-edge.
B．Eco-friendly.
C．Cost-effective.
D．Efficiency-enhancing.

共享时间:2024-07-03 难度:2 相似度:2

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203689. （2024•西安中学•高三上期末）     Saving lives has always been an important mission of science.Now science，and indeed all society，are facing a new dilemma：whether or not to try and save more lives through human cloning.
   The first cloning experiments in the 1950s involved frogs and toads.It was not until 1997 that scientists successfully cloned the first mammal，the now world-famoueep known as Dolly.Cloning techniques' have continued to improve since then，and today there are cloned mice，salmon，and cattle.
   Some scientists want to apply the methods used in cloning animals to produce skin，or organs，and other body parts for humans.One of these methods involves taking adult cells from the brain or blood and growing them into new tissues.Another more complex technique takes embryo cells and develops them into a wide variety of cell types and tissues.It is this planned use of human embryos that has resulted in controversy and criticism.
   The cloning of human cells provides the potential to find cures and eliminate diseases.The dream of some researchers is to create a Utopian world of good health.Others question whether it is right to "Play God""in an attempt to cure the disabilities and diseases in this world.
   Some of the great hopes for cloning include the utility to perform transplants，whenever they are needed，using cloned organs.For example，people with lung cancer may simply have their lungs replaced with healthy ones.Scientists also look forward to the day when people in wheelchairs can walk again，and illnesses such as Alzheinmier's and Parkinson's Disease can be prevented.
   However，a lot of people worry about the appearance of masses of identical people，and the production of "perfect"" humans for warfare or slave labor.We might even see headless human bodies being stored at hospitals for their"spare parts".With such thought-causing possibilities for the 2 lst century，human cloning will no doubt continue to receive widespread attention and scrutiny（审视）.

（1）What problem is science faced with？
A.How to carry out human cloning scientifically.
B.Whether human cloning can help save more lives.
C.How to save more lives through human cloning.
D.Whether human cloning should be used for saving lives.
（2）What can we know about cloning according to the text？
A.It has a history of over half a century.
B.It develops very quickly in the 21st century.
C.It can protect people from diseases of any kind.
D.It has enabled many people in wheelchairs to walk again.
（3）The underlined word "eliminate" in paragraph 4 most probably means"        ".
A.put up with
B.get along with
C.make up for
D.get rid of
（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.There's a widespread concern over the possible misuse of human cloning.
B.Human cloning may become a trend in the 21st century.
C.The effect of human cloning on society will no longer be a hot topic.
D.Human cloning has more advantages than disadvantages.

共享时间:2024-02-18 难度:2 相似度:2

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203544. （2025•铁一中学•高二上期末）     Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs，or even building a bomb，suggesting that preventing such AI "jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.
    Many publicly available large language models （LLMs），such as ChatGPT，have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination，or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers—things they have learned from humans via training data.But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections，known as "jailbreaks"，making AI models disobey the rules.
    Now，Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks.They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona （角色），which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse.This process is called "persona modulation （调节）".
    Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations，and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs.By having the right conversation with a model，it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona，causing it to act differently.
    There is also an idea in AI circles，one yet to be proven，that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way.This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. "If you're forcing your model to be good persona，it somewhat understands what a bad persona is，" says Tagade.
    Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused，but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. "Like drugs，they also have side effects that need to be controlled，" she says.

（1）What does the AI jailbreak refer to？
A.The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B.The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C.The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D.The process of AI models learning new information.
（2）What can we know about the persona modulation？
A.It can help AI models understand emotions.
B.It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C.It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
D.It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
（3）What may the author suggest by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？
A.The risks of LLMs cannot be ignored.
B.We need to control the side effects of drugs.
C.It's worthwhile to explore LLMs' potential benefits.
D.We should restrict the development of LLMs.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A.LLMs：Illegal Learning Models
B.LLMs：The Latest Advancement
C.AI Jailbreaks：A New Challenge
D.AI Jailbreaks：A Perfect Approach

共享时间:2025-03-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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203380. （2016•西工大附中•四模） A recent study，while showing a generally positive attitude toward science，also suggests a widespread worry that it may be "running out of control"．This idea is dangerous．
   Science can be a force for evil as well as for good．Its applications can be channeled either way，depending on our decisions．The decisions we make，personally or collectively，will determine the outcomes of science．But here is a real danger．Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference．And，rather than fighting for the best possible policies，we may step back and do nothing．
   Some people go even further．They say that despite the moral and legal objections（反对），whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere，sometime．They believe that science will get out of control in the end．This belief is dangerous too，because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world．
   In our interconnected world，the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science．Without a common understanding，the challenges of "controlling" science in this century will be really tough．Take human cloning for example．Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact（影响） on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques．The outcomes are hard to predict．
   Therefore，discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies．Only through the united efforts of people with hope，can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future．

（1）What can we conclude from the recent study？
A．People think highly of science．
B．Science is getting dangerously out of control．
C．People hold mixed opinions about science．
D．Science is used for both good and bad purposes．
（2）According to the passage，what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control？
A．The development of science will hopelessly slow down．
B．The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future．
C．Businesses will have even greater influence on science．
D．People will work more actively to put science under control．
（3）The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because
A．scientists have failed to predict the outcomes
B．the ties between different areas need strengthening
C．united efforts are necessary for the development of science
D．people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Science and its applications bring us many dangers．
B．Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts．
C．The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas．
D．The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes．

共享时间:2016-04-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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203227. （2016•西安一中•一模） The following passage is adapted from the writings of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist．
   Any scientist who is not a pretender will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery．A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments（组织碎片），which were very difficult to work with，were injected into mice of different DNA strains．If we had been more experienced，we would have injected only white blood cells （which would have been easier to handle） into the mice．We now know that if we had done this，we would not have made the discovery．Obviously，we were lucky，but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident．
   It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a significant role in scientific discovery．However，I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons：we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds；but if we describe such an event as luck，what word shall we use to describe the accidental discovery of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one just on a park bench？
   The two cases are quite different．A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize．This individual has，so to speak，purchased candidacy（候选资格）for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities．So it is with scientists．A scientist is anyone who，by observations and experiments conducted，by the literature read，and even by the company kept，puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery．These individuals，by deliberate action，have enormously enlarged their awareness-their candidacy for good fortune-and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret．
   Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind，and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of effort and reflection．If these efforts lead to a discovery，then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck．

（1）The outcome of the experiment described in paragraph one suggests that
A．luck play an insignificant part in scientific discovery
B．the injection of only while blood cells allowed the two scientists to make their discovery
C．It was difficult to inject little tissue fragments into mice of different DNT strains
D．the scientists concerned in the experiment were able to benefit from luck
（2）The author uses the example of the lottery winner in order to suggest that
A．blind luck occurs more frequently than people realize
B．luck plays a more important part in most events than people realize
C．luck is not the correct term to use when referring to a significant scientific discovery
D．luck is the best word to be used to describe the accidental discovery in science
（3）The author implies that a scientist achieves " candidacy for good fortune" by
A．making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
B．depending on feelings rather than on scientific research
C．performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
D．obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
（4）The primary purpose of the passage is to
A．make a single definition of luck
B．show that scientists discover what they intend to find
C．compare scientific discovery to a lottery game
D．discuss the role of luck in science

共享时间:2016-03-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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202890. （2018•西安中学•二模） Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do，the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling．One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago．Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen．
   The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country's bees．He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated （交配） it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees．The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey．It seemed that Professor Kerr，for that was the scientist's name，had a total success on his hands．
   Then things began to go wrong．For some reason as yet unseen，but perhaps as a result of something in their environment，the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities．They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry，attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places．
   But worse was to follow．Having taken over the countryside，the new bees，with their dangerous stings （叮），began to attack its neighbors - cats，dogs，horses，chickens and finally man himself．A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings．
   This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil．But now they are on the move，heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America，and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year．The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them．

（1）The results of the South American experiment        ．
A．have caused a serious trouble
B．have proved to be wrong
C．are not yet certain
D．are not important
（2）The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to        ．
A．increase the amount of honey in Brazil
B．make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C．increase the number of bees in Brazil
D．make African bees less active
（3）Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees' attacking personalities？
A．Their production of honey．
B．Their hard work．
C．Their living environment．
D．Their bad temper．
（4）The last paragraph implies that        ．
A．the bees have been driven to Central and North America
B．the bees may bring about trouble in more countries
C．the bees must be stopped from moving north
D．the bees prefer to live in Brazil

共享时间:2018-03-29 难度:2 相似度:2

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203920. （2024•鄠邑区•高三上期末）     Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads，a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
    Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University，researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways，detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
    In previous studies，Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal（时间的） coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
    "If we collect and process more high-resolution（高清） spatial information about what's happening on the roads，then planners could better understand changes in demand，effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system，"said Keith Redmill，lead author of the study.
    "If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors，then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply，"he said."Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time，it's worth fully automating that process."
    While still a long way from total implementation（实施），the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance.Transportation planners，engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways，so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years，it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.

（1）How can cameras on buses benefit travelers？
A.By shortening their travel time.
B.By making their schedules tight.
C.By decreasing their transport cost.
D.By improving their safety awareness.
（2）What can we know about the sensors placed on buses？
A.They provide more spatial coverage.
B.They can't detect objects on the road.
C.They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D.They accurately record the flow of traffic.
（3）What does the underlined word"surveillance"in paragraph 6 mean？
A.Operation.
B.Monitoring.
C.Protection.
D.Arrangement.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？
A.Transportation automation is on its way
B.It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C.Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D.Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic

共享时间:2024-02-07 难度:2 相似度:2

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202559. （2021•长安区•一模） With the help of a robot created by Washington State University（WSU），scientists could help elderly people with dementia and other limitations live independently in their own homes .
   The Robot Activity Support System，or RAS，uses sensors equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are，what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities.It navigates（定位）through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own，provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owners to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
   "RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment，as the need for help is detected." said Bryan Minor，a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
   Currently，about 50 percent adults over the age of 85 need assistance with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly ＄2 trillion.With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050，researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial pressure on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.
   RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to apply to their smart home environment.They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that shows how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.
   "While we are still in an early stage of development，our initial results with RAS have been promising，" Minor said. "The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot."

（1）Which part is the most important for RAS to serve the elderly？
A．Signal lights.
B．Sensors.
C．Videos.
D．Head size.
（2）What can we learn about RAS？
A．It is the first robot used in daily life.
B．Its function remains to be tested.
C．It can cook for owners on its own.
D．It can locate people and do any task.
（3）What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS？
A．Doubtful.
B．Negative.
C．Uncertain.
D．Positive.
（4）What would be a suitable title for the text？
A．Smart Home Tests First Elder Care Robot
B．Elderly People Leave the Nursing Home
C．RAS，the First Robot to Make Home Smart
D．Older Adults Have Benefited from RAS a Lot

共享时间:2021-03-09 难度:2 相似度:2

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202301. （2022•西工大附中•六模） Reading minds may not be simple，but it might be possible actually.What if a brain scan could reveal your memories？A team of British scientists recently just did that — they used brain scans to look at spatial （空间的） memory in four people.Spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are.You use spatial memory to remember how to get from your house to school.People build spatial memory as they explore a new city or a new building and take in information about their surroundings.
   The scientists asked each participant to sit down at a computer and wander through 3 D rooms.These virtual rooms contained images of objects，like clocks and doors，so that the people could know where they were.Each person was encouraged to explore the virtual space.
   As the people became familiar with these rooms，their brains were taking notes of where things were，and how to get from one point to another.After observing these rooms，the participants were instructed to go to a specific location within the rooms.At this point，the scientists took pictures of the people's brains using an instrument called FMRI （核磁共振成像）.As participants stared at the floor，the scientists took FMRI scans to measure brain activity.
   They repeated this process many times.After a few repetitions，the scientists recognized the patterns in the participants' brains.By looking at patterns on the brain scans，the scientists were able to read the spatial memory of the test subjects.
This experiment shows that it is possible to use FMRI to gather some kinds of memories from people.However，your secret thoughts and personal memories are safe — for now. "It is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read his private thoughts，" said one of the scientists who worked on the project.

（1）What can we learn about spatial memory from the first paragraph？
A．It contributes to exploring a new subject.
B．It lets you remember what has been done.
C．It helps you memorize places where you are.
D．It takes in information about new knowledge.
（2）Which of the following is the right order of the study？
a.The scientists took photos of the brains with the FMRI.
b.The scientists read the spatial memory of the participants.
c.The participants were asked to explore virtual rooms.
d.The scientists repeated the process a few times.
A．a，b，c，d
B．c，a，d，b
C．b，c，d，a
D．c，d，a，b
（3）Why are our secret mind and private memories safe？
A．Because FMRIs can't gather any memory from people.
B．Because scientists can't understand all pictures taken by FMRIs.
C．Because FMRIs can't be completely reliable now.
D．Because scientists can't read people's thoughts directly.
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？
A．Spatial memory and FMRIs.
B．A very important research.
C．How scientists can read people's memories.
D．A new kind of camera — FMRIs.

共享时间:2022-05-23 难度:2 相似度:2

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202064. （2022•西安中学•三模） Humans are not the only ones that like gold.Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus （真菌） that decorates its long，thread-like tendrils （卷须） with gold collected from the soil.The experts desperately hope the "gold digger" will provide information on the locations of gold deposits and make searching for the precious metal easier，and more environmentally friendly.
   The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr.Tsing Bohu，a scientist at Australia national science agency，CSIRO，when they were examining the microbes（微生物） in the soil at Boddington，a tiny town home to Australia's largest gold mine.
   A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings.Though fungi often interact with other things in nature，the reaction with gold was unexpected. "Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material，such as leaves and bark，as well as for the cycling of other metals，" Dr.Bohu explained. "But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising."
   The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. "There is a biological benefit from this reaction." Dr.Bohu said， "Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don't work with gold."
   The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal.More importantly，they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground.The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.
   However，those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment，for the delicate fungus is hard to see.Also，its gold can only be seen under a microscope.

（1）What are the experts starved of？
A．Investigation the sites
B．Excavating the gold mines
C．Getting further informed
D．Unearthing gold deposits
（2）What could be learnt according to Dr.Bohu？
A．Fungi's interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.
B．Gold's classification is biologically identified by fungi.
C．Fungi's formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.
D．Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi's evolution.
（3）How does the author find the finding？
A．It excites the gold diggers' motivation.
B．It has a long way to go before confirmation.
C．It lays the foundation of geological studies.
D．It ensures the search of gold sites.
（4）What can be the suitable title for the text？
A．Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by Gold
B．Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in Australia
C．Boddington，Austria's Largest Gold Mine
D．New Discovery of Gold with Fungi

共享时间:2022-04-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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201950. （2023•周至县•三模） Without cracking a single textbook，without spending a day in medical school，the co-author of a preprint study correctly answered enough questions that it would have passed the real US Medical Licensing Examination.But the test-taker wasn't a member of Mensa or a medical specialist；it was the artificial intelligence ChatGPT.The tool，which was created to answer user questions in a conversational manner，has generated so much buzz that doctors and scientists are trying to determine what its limitations are and what it could do for health and medicine.
   The medical licensing exam is generally considered one of the toughest of any profession because it not only tests basic science，medical knowledge，but also assesses clinical reasoning，ethics （道德观念），critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
   The AI passed all the parts of the exam without any specialized training，showing a high level of insight in its explanations.This greatly impressed Dr.Victor Tseng，a medical director of the California-based group and a co-author of the study. "Googling the answer is very difficult，" he explained. "Because there're a lot of red herrings on the Internet.It might take hours to get an accurate answer." But ChatGPT was able to do it within five seconds.
   The results of the medical licensing exam study were even written up with the help of ChatGPT.However，the journal Nature created guidelines that said no such program could be credited as an author because "any authorship carries with it accountability for the work，and AI tools cannot take such responsibility." Actually，AI is only as good as the information it's fed，and with so much inaccurate information available online about things like COVID-19 vaccines，it could use that to generate inaccurate results.
   Tseng said he ultimately thinks ChatGPT can enhance medical practice，but won't replace doctors.Tseng's group will continue to test it to learn why it creates certain errors and what other ethical factors need to be put in place before using it for real.
   "AI is here.The doors are open，" Tseng said. "I firmly believe that it will actually make me and make us as physicians and providers better."

（1）What can ChatGPT possibly do according to paragraph 1？
A．Study in medical school.
B．Start an online conversation.
C．Conduct a study independently.
D．Pass a challenging examination.
（2）What does underlined words "red herrings" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Appealing topics.
B．Efficient helpers.
C．Hidden resources.
D．Distracting facts.
（3）According to Nature，ChatGPT can't be listed as an author because        .
A．it has invented all the data based on inaccurate information
B．it doesn't actively create and is not responsible for the work
C．it doesn't have a bank account and can't receive payment
D．it has failed to demonstrate problem-solving skills
（4）What is Tseng's attitude towards the future of ChatGPT？
A．Interested yet doubtful.
B．Disinterested and calm.
C．Confident yet cautious.
D．Critical and disappointed.

共享时间:2023-04-15 难度:2 相似度:2

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201921. （2024•临潼区•二模）     Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs，or even building a bomb，suggesting that preventing such AI "jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.
    Many publicly available large language models （LLMs），such as ChatGPT，have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination，or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data.But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections，known as "jailbreaks"，making AI models disobey the rules.
    Now，Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks.They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona （角色），which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse.This process is called "persona modulation （调节）".
    Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations，and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs.By having the right conversation with a model，it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona，causing it to act differently.
    There is also an idea in AI circles，one yet to be proven，that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way.This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. "If you're forcing your model to be good persona，it somewhat understands what a bad persona is，" says Tagade.
    Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused，but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. "Like drugs，they also have side effects that need to be controlled，" she says.

（1）What does the AI jailbreak refer to？
A．The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B．The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C．The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D．The process of AI models learning new information.
（2）What can we know about the persona modulation？
A．It can help AI models understand emotions.
B．It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C．It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D．It forces AI models to follow only good persona.
（3）What is Yinzhen Li's attitude towards LLMs？
A．Unclear.
B．Cautious.
C．Approving.
D．Negative.
（4）Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A．LLMs：Illegal Learning Models
B．LLMs：The Latest Advancement
C．AI Jailbreaks：A New Challenge
D．AI Jailbreaks：A Perfect Approach

共享时间:2024-03-22 难度:2 相似度:2

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2022-05-06

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