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213716. （2022•高新一中•高二上期中） In a former gold mine a mile underground，inside a.titanium tank（钛储罐）filled with a rare liquified gas，scientists have begun the search for what so far has been unfindable；dark matter.
   Scientists are trying to understand why the universe is not what it seems.One part of the mystery is dark matter，which has by far most of the mass in the universe.Astronomers know it's there even though it's nowhere to be seen，because when they measure the stars and other regular matter in galaxies，they find that there is not nearly enough gravity to hold them together.If nothing else was out there，galaxies would be quickly flying apart.
   The race to solve this enormous mystery has brought one team to the depths under Lead，South Dakota.
   The idea is that a mile of dirt and rock，a giant tank，a second tank and the purest titanium in the world will block nearly all the cosmic rays and particles （粒子） around us every day.But dark matter particles，scientists think，can avoid all those obstacles.They hope one will fly into the liquid xenon（疝气） in the inner tank and smash into a xenon nucleus（原子核），revealing its existence in a flash of light seen by a device called"the time projection chamber."
   Scientists announced Thursday that the five-year，＄60 million search finally got underway two months ago after a delay caused by the pandemic.So far the device has found...nothing.At least no dark matter.
   And if all their calculations and theories are right，they figure they'll see only a couple signs of dark matter a year.By the time the experiment finishes，the chance of finding dark matter with this device is probably less than 50% but more than 10%".
   While that's far from a sure thing，"you need a little enthusiasm，"said Kevin Lesko，a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley Naonal Laboratory." You don't go into rare search physics without some hope of finding something."
   These scientists tried to a similar，smaller experiment here years ago.After coming up empty，they figured they had to go much bigger.Another large-scale experiment is underway in Italy run by a rival team，but no results have been announced so far.

（1）What do we know about dark matter？
A．It is a rare liquified gas.
B．It is invisible and hard to find.
C．It is unknown to scientists.
D．It is a form of gravity in the galaxies.
（2）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．The result of the experiment.
B．The design of the experiment.
C．The reason for conducting the experiment.
D．The importance of the experiment.
（3）What can we learn about the experiment？
A．Its success is guaranteed.
B．It is almost finished.
C．It has been fruitless so far.
D．It is the first attempt in the field.
（4）Which of the following might Kevin Lesko agree with？
A．Don't count your chickens.
B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Strike while the iron is hot.
D．Every cloud has a silver lining.

共享时间:2022-11-18 难度:2

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自然科学研究成果，说明文，

[答案]

BBCD

[解析]

（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的Astronomers know it's there even though it's nowhere to be seen，because when they measure the stars and other regular matter in galaxies，they find that there is not nearly enough gravity to hold them together. （天文学家知道它就在那里，尽管它在哪里都看不见，因为当他们测量星系中的恒星和其他规则物质时，他们发现没有足够的重力将它们连在一起）可知，暗物质是看不见的，并且很难发现。故选B。
（2）B.段落大意题。根据第四段The idea is that a mile of dirt and rock，a giant tank，a second tank and the purest titanium in the world will block nearly all the cosmic rays and particles （粒子） around us every day.But dark matter particles，scientists think，can avoid all those obstacles.They hope one will fly into the liquid xenon （疝气） in the inner tank and smash into a xenon nucleus （原子核），revealing its existence in a flash of light seen by a device called "the time projection chamber."（他们的想法是用一英里的泥土和岩石、一个巨大的水箱、第二个水箱和世界上最纯净的钛材料来阻挡我们周围每天几乎所有的宇宙射线和粒子。但科学家们认为，暗物质粒子可以避开所有这些障碍。他们希望有一架飞机能飞进内槽中的液态氙中，撞进氙核中，通过被称为"时间投射室"的设备看到的闪光，揭示出它的存在）可知，本段主要介绍了科学家们的研究是如何设计的。故选B。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据第五段的So far the device has found…nothing.（到目前为止，该装置没有发现任何东西）可知，到目前为止，该实验什么也没有发现，即没有任何结果。故选C。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Kevin Lesko所说的You don't go into rare search physics without some hope of finding something.（如果没有找到什么东西的希望，你就不能进入稀有物理搜索领域）可知，Kevin Lesko认为如果我们有希望，总会有所发现。由此推知，他会同意"Every cloud has a silver lining.（黑暗中总有一线光明）"这个说法。故选D。

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本题考查了"自然科学研究成果，说明文，"，属于"易错题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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201941. （2023•西安四十八中•一模） Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue，but these gains are fragile，a new study suggests.Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.
   "It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it，" said Thomas Wood，associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. "But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people's frame of reference very quickly."
   Resultowed that accurate science reporting didn't persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinionifted by reading accurate articles.The study involved 2，898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.
   In the first wave，they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change.In the second and third waves，they read either another scientific article，an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science，or an article on an unrelated subjeet.In the fourth wave，the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.
   To rate participants' scientific understanding.the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause.To measure their attitudes，researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.
   "What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again.If they only hear it once，it recedes very quickly，" Wood said.It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups，including those who originally rejected climate change.But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.

（1）What does the underlined word "recedes" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Increases.
B．Graduates.
C．Disappears.
D．Strikes.
（2）What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us？
A．The research object.
B．The research result.
C．The research purpose.
D．The research procedure.
（3）Why did researchers ask participants the second question？
A．To survey the government's satisfaction rate.
B．To make an assessment on their attitudes.
C．To teach them scientific understanding.
D．To measure action on climate change.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds
B．Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment
C．Accurate Science Reporting Don't Persuade Only Politicians
D．People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change

共享时间:2023-03-01 难度:2 相似度:2

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213686. （2023•高新一中•高二下期中）     Some people say that the planet is getting smaller，that there are few places left to explore，and that the age of exploration will be over soon.
    I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore.That's because the stage for all exploration is the natural world，and nature is experiencing a rapid decline.It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found.Ultimately，only the things we appreciate are worth protecting.
    As the golden age of exploration weakens，so does the richness of life on Earth.It isn't just that there are fewer blank areas on the map；it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up （瓜分）.Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert，for example，no longer implies a self-supported expedition （考察）.Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
    In the next century，I believe we will need larger and wilder areas.We will need the wilderness，not just for the protection of it，but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean water，food and materials.If we succeed，then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions，monitor populations，and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose.More importantly，they greatly help the public experience，understand and appreciate nature.
    Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand "edge effects" — how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals，I find it important that today's scientists continue to spend time in the field.It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system.Sometimes，it's difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there cm the forest edge.
    It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions.The measure of their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future.Their leadership is needed now，more than ever.

（1）What's the purpose of this text？
A．To call on the public to support the study.
B．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
C．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
D．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
（2）What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3？
A．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
（3）What does the author realize after his research expedition？
A．The significance of scientists' field trip.
B．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C．The need to expand the edges of forests.
D．The influence of his study on the environment.
（4）The success of future expeditions will be determined by        .
A．our knowledge of nature
B．the time spent in the field
C．the preservation of wild places
D．the study system of young generations

共享时间:2023-05-30 难度:2 相似度:2

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201808. （2024•西安中学•七模）     In a new study，researchers found that invasive insects in the United States could kill approximately 1.4 million urban trees by 2050，which would cost over ＄900 million to replace，reports Vishwam Sankaran for the Independent.
    Hot spots predicted to have the most urban tree mortality（死亡率） were Milwaukee，Wisconsin；Chicago，Illinois；and New York，New York.The study，published in the Journal of Applied Ecology，is the first nationwide forecast of street tree mortality from invasive insects.
    The emerald ash borer is an invasive beetle native to Asia.It was first detected in 2002 in southeastern Michigan，and experts suspect it was brought into the United States on wood packing material carried on cargo ships or airplanes traveling from Asia.Since then，the bug has been damaging ash trees.In the last two decades since the insect was first detected，numerous trees have been killed in North America.
    Data collected from 30，000 communities across the country was used to estimate tree mortality in the next 30 years.The researchers combined this data with a model that predicted the spread of 57 different invasive insect species.Their resultow emerald ash borers alone could cause 90% of the estimated 1.4 million tree deaths.Ash borers are already predicted to "kill virtually all ash trees" in over 6，000 urban areas，according to Newsweek.
    Less than 25% of 30，000 urban areas in the U.S.are expected to experience 95% of all street-tree mortality，reports Adam Barnes for the Hill.The areas that will experience the most tree loss include cities in the Midwest and East Coast.These locations are expected to have the most tree loss because large numbers of ash trees occupy the streets and parks in these areas，reported the Independent.
    When it comes to how to save urban areas from becoming treeless，study author Emma Hudgins，a biologist at McGill University，says， "These results can hopefully provide a cautionary tale against planting a single species of tree throughout entire cities，as has been done with ash trees in North America.Planting various trees provides resilience against pest infestations（侵扰）."

（1）What can we know about the emerald ash borer？
A.It is an invasive beetle in Asia.
B.It was first found by the Michigan people.
C.It has killed numerous trees in America.
D.They definitely enter the U.S.by cargo ships or airplanes.
（2）What is the fourth paragraph intended to describe？
A.The purpose of the research.
B.The conclusion of the research.
C.The significance of the research.
D.The process and result of the research.
（3）What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph？
A.Pest infestations are taking place across the country.
B.The insect's invasion won't spread equally in America.
C.Tree loss is the main cause of environmental problems.
D.Ash trees are being removed from many areas in the U.S.
（4）What suggestion does Emma Hudgins provide？
A.Getting different types of trees planted.
B.Replacing foreign trees with local ones.
C.Getting more trees planted in more areas.
D.Planting trees resistant to pest infestations.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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201807. （2024•西安中学•七模）     Harvard scientists have engineered a group of fish that swims autonomously.Researchers say the experiment could advance pacemaker（起搏器） technology and improve the development of artificial hearts for humans.
    Researchers built the fish using paper，two parts of heart muscle tissue —one on the left side and one on the right —and a plastic fin.A contraction on one side caused the muscle on the other side to stretch.The stretching then caused those cells to contract，which moved the tail from side to side and allowed it to swim on its own.The muscle cells were from human stem cells.The researchers also engineered an autonomous pacing node，which acted like a pacemaker by controlling the rhythm and frequency of the contractions.
    The fish moved autonomously for over 108 days，which is equal to 38 million beats，the study states.Because heart cells constantly rebuild themselves，which takes about 20 days，the fish cells rebuilt themselves a total of about five times over，says Kit Parker，a professor from Harvard University who led the research.
    Years ago，Parker was disappointed with the state of heart treatment. "It occurred to me in 2007 that we might have failed to understand the fundamental laws of muscular pumps，" he said in a 2012 statement.Then，on a trip to the museum with his daughter，he spotted a special fish. "I'm looking at it，thinking， 'It pumps，it looks like a heart pump，and I could build that thing.'" In 2012，his team created a fish that swam using rat heart cells，and then a ray fish with rat heart cells in 2016.
    Though the researchers say the fish is a step forward for heart research，it could be years before it leads to the creation of an artificial heart，says Michael Schneider，a professor at Imperial College London，who wasn't involved in the study.But that doesn't dismay Parker. "I think other methods will be faster than us，" says Parker. "But in the long run，creating tissue that relies on the patient's own cells could offer unexpected benefits."

（1）What made the fish swim autonomously in the experiment？
A.The special paper.
B.The push of the fin.
C.Muscle contractions.
D.The support of the tail.
（2）What result probably impressed the researchers most？
A.The power of the pacing node.
B.The swimming speed of the fish.
C.The fish's lasting swimming time.
D.The rhythm of the fish's movement.
（3）Why is Parker's trip to the museum mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A.It gave Parker a good memory.
B.It made Parker find inspiration.
C.It removed Parker's disappointment.
D.It introduced Parker to a special fish.
（4）What does the underlined word "dismay" mean in the last paragraph？
A.Depress.
B.Annoy.
C.Embarrass.
D.Relieve.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:2

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203863. （2024•长安区•高一上期末）     For more than 140 years，fishers in Laguna，Brazil have formed an unusual partnership with local dolphins.As soon as the fishers spot a dolphin waving its tail，lifting its head，and diving deeply，they race into the water with their nets.Now，a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation and that the animals may be guiding the people.They pay close attention to the humans，timing their actions to maximize their catch.Over the years，dolphins have been showing the fishers "where to stand and when to get ready to throw their nets." in the dark waters.It's almost as if the dolphins are training the humans.
    As much as the fishers were watching the dolphins，he dolphins were also watching the fishers，he study found.Both species must time their actions correctly to catch fish.The people wait with their nets at the ready for a dolphin to approach closely.When a dolphin sees a ready fisher，the animal will give a tip，usually that deep dive，which tells the fisher the mullet （鲻鱼） are right there and it's time to cast their net.Sometimes，either dolphin or fisher will respond incorrectly，and neither catches fish.Yet，the scientists reported that of nearly 3，000 recorded fishing attempts，nearly 46% were successful.To ensure this accuracy，fishers must understand the dolphins' tips，learning them over time.Even it can say， "The dolphins are almost like teachers."
    Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers，rushing fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia，Mauritania，and Southeast Asia.But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline.
    The same fate likely faces the Laguna dolphins if the mullet numbers，which have dropped over the past decade because of overfishing，continue to decline.The practice may escape such a fate，if Brazil regards this dolphin-fisher relationship a cultural heritage，as the scientists propose. "Without mullet." the expert says， "this partnership will end."

（1）How do the dolphins guide the fishers to catch the fish？        ?
A.They constantly attack fish.
B.They use body languages.
C.They make strange voices.
D.They pull the nets.
（2）What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？        ?
A.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
B.Provide suggestions for the readers.
C.Share some interesting facts about dolphins.
D.Conclude the previous paragraphs.
（3）What can we learn about the dolphin-fisher relationship in Laguna？        ?
A.It has completely disappeared.
B.It develops friendly.
C.It needs to be protected.
D.It becomes useless and meaningless.
（4）In which column of the newspaper can we read the passage？        ?
A.Art.
B.Health.
C.Sports.
D.Animals.

共享时间:2024-02-06 难度:2 相似度:2

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204536. （2023•西安市蓝田县城关中学•高二下期末）     Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night.This solves the problem of how to portion out （分配） energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
    While the sun shines，plants perform photosynthesis （光合作用）.In this process，the plants change sunlight，water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar，called starch （淀粉）.At night，the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
    "The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food，" said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast，plants will starve and stop growing during the night.If the store is used too slowly，some of it will be wasted."
    The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis，which is regarded as a model plant for experiments.To give the plants some math tests，the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
    During one of the exams，they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights.Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual.And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
    Amazingly，even after this day length trick，the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.They had neither starved，nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
    The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird，the little stint，can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more，on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.

（1）According to the passage，plants        .
A．use little energy during the day
B．usually stop growing at night
C．waste a lot of energy at night
D．store starch during the day
（2）What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis？
A．They changed the plant's light conditions.
B．They provided the plant with more starch.
C．They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D．They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
（3）When morning arrived，the experimental plants        .
A．nearly died of lack of food
B．used most of their stored energy
C．began to regulate their food store
D．stored enough starch for the next day
（4）What can we learn about the little stint？
A．They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B．They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C．They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D．They are unable to calculate the distances.

共享时间:2023-07-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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203939. （2024•鄠邑二中•高一下期末）     Organic （不使用化肥的） farmers produce food with least help from pesticides （杀虫剂），but in limiting the use of chemicals on their own land，they may be unknowingly causing an increase in pesticide use over their neighbour's fence （栅栏）.
    Ashley Larsen at the University of California and her colleagues looked into land-use and pesticide data across 14，000 fields in Kern County，California.The researchers found that when organic farmland is surrounded by conventional （传统的） agriculture，neighbouring farmers seem to increase their pesticide use，with a 10% rise in organic cropland being linked to a 0.3% increase in total pesticide use on conventional fields.Most of this is driven by greater use of pesticides，the researchers found.
    This may be because more insects tend to live on organic land and spill over into neighbouring fields，causing conventional farmers there to increase pesticide use，according to Larsen.The effect appears strongest when neighbouring fields are within 2.5 kilometres of the organic "focal field".
    However，the researches noted that the presence of organic farmland is linked to a reduction in pesticide use on neighbouring organic fields，with a 10% increase in the area of nearby organic cropland being related to a 3% decrease in total pesticide use on organic focal fields.This may be because the larger area of organic farmland allows for a bigger and more stable （稳定的） community of beneficial insects.
    When organic agriculture makes up a high rate of farmland—perhaps 20% or more—net pesticide use decreases no matter where the organic fields are sited，say the researchers.But when small areas of organic farmland—like in Kern County，where about 5.5% of agricultural land is organic—evenly spread through the landscape，net pesticide use may in fact be higher than when no organic farming is present.
    However，this impact can be softened by bunching up organic farmland.Larsen said， "It might be worth considering how to encourage the concentration of new organic fields to basically take full advantage of its pest control benefits and limit the costs of being organic to conventional growers.

（1）What's the influence of organic farmland on neighbouring conventional fields？
A.A decrease in production.
B.An increase in pesticide use.
C.A decrease in insect population.
D.An increase in beneficial insects.
（2）What is key to reducing total pesticide use in an area according to paragraph 4？
A.The stability and population of beneficial insects.
B.The farmers' choice of crops to grow.
C.The location of the smallest organic farmland.
D.The population of organic farmers.
（3）What does the underlined part "bunching up" in the last paragraph mean？
A.Looking into.
B.Clearing away.
C.Setting up.
D.Joining together.
（4）What is the primary focus of the researchers' study mentioned in the text？
A.The economic impact of organic farming.
B.The environmental benefits of organic farming.
C.The relationship between organic farming and pesticide use.
D.The value of organic produce compared with the conventional.

共享时间:2024-07-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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203844. （2024•周至六中•高一上期末）     The giant panda's special black-and-white fur makes it one of the most recognizable animals on the planet.But why does it have this unique coloring？To hide from natural enemies，both in the snow and in the shadows，study lead author Tim Caro，a professor in the Department of Wildlife，Fish &Conservation Biology at the University of California，Davis，said in a new statement.Moreover，the large black circles around a panda's eyes may help other pandas recognize it，the researchers said.
    Understanding why the giant panda has such noticeable color has been a long-term problem to solve.To find out the answer，Caro and his colleagues looked at photos of pandas and 195 other carnivore（食肉动物）species，including 39 subspecies of bear.Then，they recorded the coloring on each area of those animals' bodies，and compared them with areas of the panda's body."Compared with the previous studies，the breakthrough in this study was treating each part of the body as an independent area，"Caro said.
    The research team tried to figure out the purpose of the dark-colored furry areas.After going through many comparisons，the researchers determined that the white parts of the giant panda help it hide in the snow.In contrast，its black arms and legs help it hide in the shadows，they said.The panda's white-and-black coloring didn't appear to be related to temperature regulation.Nor did they find evidence that the dark circles around a panda's eyes helped to make them look cuter.
    "This really was a great effort by our team，finding and scoring thousands of images and scoring more than 10 areas per picture from over 20 possible colors，"study co-author Ted Stankowich，an assistant professor of biology at California State University，Long Beach，said in the statement."Sometimes it takes hundreds of hours of hard work to answer the simplest question：Why is the panda black and white？"

（1）What does the new study focus on？
A.How pandas hide from natural enemies successfully.
B.Why pandas have unique black-and-white coloring.
C.Whether the black circles around a panda's eyes are useful."
D.What makes pandas so cute and eye-catching.
（2）What makes the new study different from the previous studies？
A.Researching more carnivore species.
B.Using the method of comparison.
C.Treating each part of the body separately.
D.Recording the number of photos.
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 3？
A.The giant panda gets used to living in the snow.
B.The white-and-black fur can help pandas hide.
C.The coloring of pandas is related to temperature.
D.The function of the dark-colored areas is unknown.
（4）What is implied from Ted Stankowich's words？
A.Keeping your curiosity can make a difference.
B.Hundreds of hours of hard work is annoying.
C.Scientists dislike doing research on simple issues.
D.It needs efforts to find the why behind what you see.

共享时间:2024-02-28 难度:2 相似度:2

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201722. （2024•西安中学•一模）     The Stanford marshmallow（棉花糖） test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
    As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted（诱惑） by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets-all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
    We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value-a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing （the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
    A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded（轰炸） with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental"junk food"in order to manage our time most effectively.

（1）What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test？
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
（2）According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between        .
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
（3）What does the author suggest readers do？
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A.Eat Less，Read More
B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C.The Later，the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups

共享时间:2024-03-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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201721. （2024•西安中学•一模）     Many people have dreamt to find a cancer cure.Now，a pill might provide some insight into their dreams.
   The medicine，AOH1996，also called the"cancer-killing pill"，explicitly targets the protein that encourages cancer cells to spread across the body.It prevents proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA细胞增殖核抗原） with a tiny molecule.Up to August 2023，it is being evaluated in Phase I clinical studies for the treatment of solid cancers.
   Cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells continue to proliferate uncontrollably，causing the tissue to be destroyed.About one in six deaths were due to cancer in 2020，making it the top cause of death globally.
   According to a recent study published in Cell Chemical Biology，City of Hope researchers have discovered a novel method to treat cancer using a special tablet that can get rid of solid tumors.AOH1996 differs from other targeted cancer therapies in this respect，where other approaches may cause a tumor to change and develop more resistance to treatment.
   According to City of Hope Professor Linda Malkas，the research team created a medicine specifically targeting the kind of PCNA seen in cancer cells since data indicate that PCNA is distinctively changed in cancer cells.The novel cancer medicine acts like a snowstorm closing a significant airport，stopping only flights from and to aircraft carrying cancer cells.
   "Results have been promising.AOH1996 can prevent tumor growth in cell and animal models.The drug is currently in Phase I clinical trial in humans at City of Hope."
   Treatment of lung，brain and skin cancers with AOH1996 haown to be effective.It kills specific cells by stopping them from replicating（复制） typically.To assess this medicine for potential future use，more clinical studies are planned.

（1）What can we know about PCNA？
A.It is a pill that cures solid cancer.
B.It is a medicine that prevents tumor growth.
C.It is a molecule targeted by the cancer-killing pill AOH1996.
D.It is a protein that causes cancer cells to spread across the body.
（2）Why is AOH1996 different from other cancer drugs？
A.It has cured many patients' cancers.
B.It will develop drug resistance.
C.It is a natural product collected from plants.
D.It has less side effects than other cancer drugs.
（3）What does the author want to express by saying"The novel cancer medicine acts like a snowstorm closing a significant airport..""？
A.AOH1996 targets cancer cells without harming healthy cells.
B.AOH1996 has caused chaos in the medical field.
C.AOH1996 is highly effective but inefficient in treating cancer patients.
D.AOH1996 is unpredictable and can have unintended consequences.
（4）What's the purpose of planning more clinical studies for AOH1996？
A.Determining the specific types of cancers it can effectively treat.
B.Investigating the possible side effects of the medicine.
C.Determining if it can be used on a large scale.
D.Confirming its effectiveness in killing specific cells.

共享时间:2024-03-11 难度:2 相似度:2

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212800. （2025•二十六中•高二下期中）     Hadeda ibises，known as "African alarm clocks" for their loud calls，have long legs and thin beaks （鸟喙） and shiny feathers on their wings.Historically restricted to northeastern South Africa，hadedas have significantly expanded their range to many urban areas.
    Various ibises use remote-touch to detect movements of prey （猎物） in the soil and locate their hidden place.This ability is facilitated by a sensory organ in their beaks，called the bill-tip organ，which developed during the time of the dinosaurs.My recent research confirmed that hadedas have this "sixth sense" and found it is closely tied to soil moisture （湿度） levels.
    We conducted sensory tests with hadedas in bird cages.We presented them with boxes of soil containing buried worms （虫），masking any sounds with white noise and mixing dead worms into the soil to remove scent cues （气味线索）.The birds consistently found live worms faster than dead ones，indicating they are able to sense movements of prey and use remote-touch to find them.
    Further testing revealed that hadedas found worms more quickly in wetter soils.If the soil was too dry，they lost this ability and had to rely on random searching.These findings suggest that the hadedas' expansion in South Africa is related to increased artificial watering systems.They require wet soil to use remote-touch effectively，which could explain their absence in dry regions.Droughts and heatwaves，expected to worsen with climate change，could threaten their population by making prey detection more challenging.
    The study highlights the broader implications for other remote-touch hunting birds，many of which are already endangered.As soil moisture levels decrease，these birds could become more at risk，stressing the importance of considering sensory requirements in conservation efforts.

（1）What do we know about hadeda ibises？
A.They are known for shiny feathers.
B.They barely see any rise in numbers.
C.They recall images of the dinosaurs.
D.They have a specialized sensory organ.
（2）Why were white noise and dead worms used in the experiment？
A.To get a more reliable result.
B.To add experimental items.
C.To copy natural habitats.
D.To avoid disturbing the subjects.
（3）What does the research suggest about the impact of climate change on hadedas？
A.Climate change will decrease their reliance on soil moisture.
B.Droughts could make it more difficult for them to find prey.
C.Increased rainfall will help them relocate to urbanized areas.
D.Rising temperatures could increase their feeding efficiency.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？
A.The specialty of hadedas' organs.
B.The masters of dry land hunting.
C.Hadedas' prey detection in wet soil.
D.Hadedas ibises' urban expansion.

共享时间:2025-05-12 难度:2 相似度:2

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212782. （2025•西安一中•高二下期中）     The ancient ritual（仪式的） meaning of Stonehenge ts still unknown，but researchers are one step closer to understanding how the famous stone circle was created.
    The special stone tying flat at the center of Stonehenge was brought to the site in southern England from near the tip of northeast Scotland，researchers reported Wednesday in the journal Nature.It's not clear whether the 5-meter stone was carried by boat or across land-a journey of more than 740 kilometers.For more than a hundred years，scientists believed that Stonehenge's central sandstone-long called the"altar stone"-came from much closer Wales.But a study last year by some of the same researcherowed that the stone didn't match the geology（地质）of Wales' sandstone fornatioms.The actuat source of the stone remained unknown.
    Although the team was not allowed to take the rocks from the site tor the study，they studied the minerals in small pieces of rocks that were collected in past digs，some from as far back as the 1840s.They found a match in the sandstone formations of Orcadian Basin in northeast Scotland，a place that includes parts of the tip of the Scottish peninsula as well as the Orkney Islands.The difficult work of moving the stone such a long way shows a high level of teamwork and cultural connection between these two places of ancient Britain.Stonehenge was built around 5，000 years ago，with stones forming different circles brought to the site at different times.The placement of stones allows for the sun to rise through a stone"window"during summer solstice（夏至） The ancient purpose of the altar stone-which lies flat at the heart of Stonehenge，now under other rocks—remains unknown to us.
    Former research haown cultural connections-such as similarities in pottery（陶器） styles—between the area around Stonehenge and Scotland's Orkney Islands.Other stones at Stonehenge came from western Wales.While Britain is full of other Neolithic stone circles，the thing that's special about Stonehenge is the distance the stones traveled.

（1）What is the researchers' new finding about Stonehenge？
A.The ritual meaning Stonehenge has.
B.The place the altar stone came from.
C.The way the famous stone circle was created.
D.The reason why the altar stone was carried to England.
（2）How did the researchers study the source of the altar stone？
A.By researching the geology of wates.
B.By carrying away some rocks from the site.
C.By studying minerals in rock pieces collected in the past.
D.By comparing the stone with other stones in nearby places.
（3）What can we learn about Stonehenge from the text？
A.It was built through great teamwork.
B.It still has an important ritual meaning now.
C.The stone lying at the center of it was carried by boat.
D.The circle has remained unchanged since it was created.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A.The Exact Source of the Altar Stone
B.A Journey of More Than 740 Kilometers
C.The Ancient Ritual Meaning of Stonehenge
D.Cultural Connections Between Two Places in Britain

共享时间:2025-05-19 难度:2 相似度:2

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204498. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末）     Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night.This solves the problem of how to portion out （分配） energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
    While the sun shines，plants perform photosynthesis （光合作用）.In this process，the plants change sunlight，water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar，called starch （淀粉）.At night，the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
    "The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food，" said study co-author Alison Smith. "If the starch store is used too fast，plants will starve and stop growing during the night.If the store is used too slowly，some of it will be wasted."
    The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis，which is regarded as a model plant for experiments.To give the plants some math tests，the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
    During one of the exams，they shut off the lights early on them that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights.Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day means they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual.And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
    Amazingly，even after this day length trick，the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.They had neither starved，nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
    The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird，the little stint，can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more，on average.
The results of the study were published in e Life.

（1）According to the passage，plants        .
A．use little energy during the day
B．usually stop growing at night
C．waste a lot of energy at night
D．store starch during the day
（2）What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis？
A．They changed the plant's light conditions.
B．They provided the plant with more starch.
C．They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D．They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
（3）When morning arrived，the experimental plants        .
A．nearly died of lack of food
B．used most of their stored energy
C．began to regulate their food store
D．stored enough starch for the next day
（4）What can we learn about the little stint？
A．They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B．They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C．They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D．They are unable to calculate the distances.

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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204280. （2023•阎良区•高二下期末）     Dolphins are social and intelligent animals.And，like the way humans maintain relationships by hugging or giving a handshake，dolphins breathe together at the same time when they come up from the water for air.Thiared act is important for creating social connections.But sharing the same air and area is also spreading an infectious and deadly disease among the dolphins.
    Janet Mann and other scientists are trying to understand the virus.They discovered it in the water off the American states of Virginia and Maryland.It is now spreading to other Atlantic coast dolphins.
    Mann explains that the dolphin virus is in the lungs. "When dolphins breathe together at the surface，they're sharing tiny droplets just like we do when we're talking with each other，" she said.
    During her 35 years of studying dolphins，Janet Mann has noticed that even though dolphins have close friends，they visit other dolphins and leave the groups often.Following the social lives of dolphins in the Chesapeake Bay has permitted researchers to identify over 2，000 dolphin individuals.They can remember them by their special shapes and markings on their back fins.
    Two researchers，Melissa Collier and Ann-Marie Jacoby，saw two dolphins.A third dolphin joined his friends.All three dolphins came to the surface of the water and breathed together. "This is typical，male behavior.The males stay pretty coordinated （协调） with each other.The females sync （同步），but not as regularly.They syne mostly with their offspring （幼崽）." Mann says.This behavior pattern might explain why more male dolphins have died in the most recent outbreak of the virus.
    Viruses are naturally occurring in the wild，but human activities in the ocean can make the virus worse by wakening environments and populations even more.Pollution from carbon and plastics，limited food sources，along with ocean warming from climate change，harm the animals.These factors weaken the dolphins' immune systems. "So，they are extremely vulnerable （脆弱的，易受伤的） to virus outbreaks." Mann says.

（1）What are Mann and other scientists trying to do？
A．Record the dolphins' social habits.
B．Increase the population of dolphins.
C．Compare the viruses among dolphins.
D．Study the spread of the virus among dolphins.
（2）What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 4 refer to？
A．Researchers.
B．Close friends.
C．The social lives of dolphins
D．Over 2，000 dolphin individuals.
（3）Why did more male dolphins die in the recent outbreak of the virus？
A．They absorbed more air than females.
B．They did more social activities together.
C．They came to the surface of the water more
D．They were more vulnerable to viruses.
（4）Which is a cause of the decline in dolphins' immune system？
A．Ocean warming.
B．Dolphins breathing together.
C．Researchers studying dolphins.
D．The growing population of dolphins.

共享时间:2023-07-14 难度:2 相似度:2

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204496. （2023•蓝田县•高二下期末）     The worldwide 20th century "Green Revolution"，which saw huge year-by-year increases in global grain yields （产量），was fueled by the development in the 1960s of new high-yielding dwarfed （矮小） varieties known as Green Revolution Varieties （GRVs）.
    These dwarfed GRVs are common all over the world in today's wheat and rice crops.Because they are dwarfed，with short stems，GRVs devote relatively more resources than tall plants to the growth of grains rather than stems，and are less likely to suffer yield losses from wind and rain damage.However，the growth of GRVs requires farmers to use large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers （氮肥） in their fields.These fertilizers are costly to farmers and cause extensive damage to the natural environment.The development of new GRVs combining high yields with reduced fertilizer requirements is thus a global agricultural goal.
    Researchers at the University of Oxford and the Chinese Academy of Science have discovered for the first time a gene that can help reach the goal.Comparing 36 different dwarfed rice varieties，the researchers identified a novel natural gene that helps increase the rate at which plants make use of nitrogen from the soil.This gene，called GRF4，can increase the amount of a protein （蛋白质） in plant cells.GRF4 is actually a promoter that encourages the activity of other genes—genes that promote nitrogen uptake （摄入）.Professor Harberd said， "Increasing GRF4 levels could contribute to an increase in the grain yields of GRVs，especially at low fertilizer input levels."
    The researchers say the latest rice variety containing GRVould now become a major target for farmers in increasing crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency，with the aim of achieving the global grain yield increases necessary to feed a growing world population at a reduced environmental cost.It is very urgent at the moment.
    Professor Harberd added， "This study is an example of how studying fundamental science objectives can lead rapidly to potential solutions to global challenges.It shows how the discovery can enable chances for food security and future new green revolutions."

（1）What can we know about dwarfed GRVs？
A．They have higher yield and taller stems.
B．They are a "double-edged sword".
C．They are environmentally friendly.
D．They can be easily affected by weather.
（2）What does "the goal" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Increasing the rate of nitrogen use.
B．Producing cheaper nitrogen fertilizers.
C．Using fewer fertilizers to produce more grains.
D．Finding a gene to solve agricultural problems.
（3）What can GRV directly do？
A．It promotes other genes' activity.
B．It increases the output of crops.
C．It takes in nitrogen from the soil.
D．It lowers fertilizer input levels.

共享时间:2023-07-05 难度:2 相似度:2

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dygzyyyn

2022-11-18

高中英语 | 高二上 | 阅读理解

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