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205387. （2020•西安中学•高三上期末） Many Beijing residents go to great lengths to avoid breathing the city's smoggy air，especially when it reaches critical pollution levels，but one local entrepreneur decided that canning（灌装） and selling this poor quality air as a souvenir would be a great idea．Believe it or not，he was right．
   After seeing a number of companies achieve commercial success by canning fresh air from countries like France，Canada or Australia and selling it in China，Dominic Johnson-Hill，a British-born citizen of Beijing and owner of the Plastered 8 souvenir shop，decided to turn the idea on its head and sell canned Beijing air throughout China and abroad．
   "I'd seen people going crazy to buy canned air from Canada and Australia，so I thought it was time to push business the other way，" the entrepreneur said． "They're perfect gifts!What else are you going to take home when you go home from Beijing？A roast duck？A Plastered T-shirt？These cans are light，portable，you can just imagine someone' s face when they unwrap （打开） it for Christmas．"
   The few mouth-fulls of Beijing air come in standard tin cans featuring a couple of iconic city landmarks as well as a bitter description of the contents： "a unique mix of nitrogen，oxygen and some other stuff"．The ironic （讽刺的） souvenirs cost 28 RMB （US ＄4）and are available at the Plastered 8 shop，as well as on its online shop．But if you're actually considering buying some，you'd better ask shop in advance，as they are virtually flying off the shelves．Johnson-Hill said that hiop is selling hundreds of Beijing air cans every day．
   Personally，the well-sold can probably is an awakening for the public to be concerned about the living conditions．Yet one thing that' s not particularly clear is whether the air is really collected from Beijing，as the cans are labeled as "Made in Shenzhen"．There's a big chance that's just a kind of Plastered 8 humor，as they also list "Choking Hazard" and "May have unidentified objects inside．" as warnings．
   Anyway，it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment．

（1）What contributes to Dominic's idea of canning and selling the poor quality air？
A．Try to get used to it．
B．Sell it all over the world．
C．Can it as a souvenir．
D．Try to push business the other way．
（2）How may one feel when receiving canned Beijing air for Christmas？
A．Satisfied．
B．Surprised．
C．Frightened．
D．Refreshed．
（3）Which of the following can replace the underlined word "stuff" in Paragraph 4？
A．liquids
B．objects
C．minerals
D．risks
（4）What can we infer from the passage？
A．There are unidentified objects in the canned Beijing air．
B．The Plastered 8 souvenir shop is famous for its humour．
C．People should make efforts to protect the environment．
D．Dominic Johnson-Hill likes the poor quality air in Beijing．

共享时间:2020-02-02 难度:3

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[考点]

环境保护，议论文，说明文，

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[解析]

（1）D．细节理解题．根据第三段I'd seen people going crazy to buy canned air from Canada and Australia，so I thought it was time to push business the other way，" 可知，看到人们疯狂地购买来自于加拿大和澳大利亚队灌装空气，Dominic决定换种方式来提升企业的效益；故选D．
（2）B．推理判断题．根据第三段These cans are light，portable，you can just imagine someone's face when they unwrap it for Christmas可知圣诞节收到北京罐头空气时是十分惊讶的；故选B．
（3）B．词义猜测题．根据第四段The few mouth﹣fulls of Beijing air come in standard tin cans featuring a couple of iconic city landmarks as well as a snarky description of the contents："a unique blend of nitrogen，oxygen and some other stuff"．可知充满了北京的空气的标准锡罐具有几个标志性的城市地标以及网站描述的内容"一个独特的氮、氧和其他一些东西"；可知意为东西；故选B
（4）C．推理判断题．根据最后一段Anyway，it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment可知作家可能期望我们更关心环境；故选C．

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本题考查了"环境保护，议论文，说明文，"，属于"难典题"，熟悉题型是解题的关键。

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201549. （2025•西安中学•一模）     Elon Musk has offered a prize of ＄100 m for the best carbon capture proposal.I can save his committee a lot of time.The money should go to Peter Wohlleben，whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster of 2015.Wohlleben's idea is this：do nothing about trees.Stop fiddling with them，thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature.If we fiddle，our Romes will burn.
    The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social.It shows that they can be our saviors.But it's terribly hard to let ourselves be saved.We think we can be the authors of our salvation（拯救）.Of course，there are things we could and should be doing，but in terms of forestry practice，often what's billed as part of the solution is part of the problem.
    Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect—it makes your garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter.Forests cool by transpiring（蒸发）.If there's no water，there's no cooling.Drought can kill trees fast，but trees have many ways of dealing with it，and Wohlleben sets them out.As a species，we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behavior—and that's how trees survive，too.Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons.They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip（点滴）-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
    Deciduous（落叶的） forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live.Cut them down and burn them and you're releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood，but also from the forest floor.Deciduous trees are not"harvest-ready"at200 years：they are teenagers.We must interrogate comforting expressions such as"renewable energy"，and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
    If we don't learn to do nothing about trees，they will eventually be alone anyway—but without us.Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.

（1）What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture？
A.Fight climate change.
B.Leave trees alone.
C.Save the earth.
D.Change forestry species.
（2）How do trees survive the drought？
A.They slow their growth.
B.They lose all their leaves.
C.They stop absorbing water.
D.They get help from humans.
（3）What can we infer from the text？
A.We can cope with climate change successfully.
B.Trees can adjust their growth by themselves.
C.It is hard to stop releasing carbon dioxide.
D.It is urgent to regulate the growth of trees.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？
A.To illustrate the carbon capture system.
B.To give an account of the survival of trees.
C.To clarify a proposal for a reward.
D.To recommend a book.

共享时间:2025-03-03 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201845. （2024•西安一中•二模）     A carbon footprint is only one component of the broader ecological footprint.An ecological footprint compares the population's consumption of resources and land with the planet's ability to regenerate.The Earth's ecological footprint is currently 23 percent over capacity.It takes about one year and two months to regenerate what we consume in a year.
    Carbon footprints help people keep track of changes.Because footprints quantify an amount of carbon that increases or decreases based on energy use，they let people know that a new hybrid car or home insulation （隔离） helps.Transportation accounts for 33 percent of CO₂ emissions in the United States，so many people try to lower their mileage （里程）.Some walk or bike whenever possible；others take public transport.Home energyuse accounts for 21 percent of U.S.CO₂ emissions，so it helps to have an efficient home.Setting the thermostat （恒温器） at a moderate temperature and installing double-paned windows lowers energy costs.
    Of course，individual efforts can go only so far.Cutting CO₂ and other greenhouse gases down to safer levels requires significant government regulation.Lessening carbon footprints does let people see where they are and how they can change.Those who want to accept personal responsibility for their emissions can track their own reductions and change their habits.
    Because carbon calculators ask for only rough estimates，it's easy for investigators to approximate the footprints of celebrities and politicians.Analysts hope to uncover high-profile figures，especially those who promote environmentalism.Although performer Madonna and other celebrities have been accused of flying frequently，former vice president Al Gore has drawn the harshest accusations.The Gores' spokesperson did not deny that but emphasized that the couple subscribes to green power.

（1）How long can the Earth produce what we need in a year？        ?
A.2 months.
B.12 months.
C.14 months.
D.23 months.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？        ?
A.Why people are worried about CO₂ emissions.
B.How individuals can help to lower CO₂ emissions.
C.Where most CO₂ emissions come from in the United States.
D.What measures have been taken to cut down CO₂ emissions.
（3）What is still needed to cut greenhouse gases down to safer levels？        ?
A.The participation of the public.
B.The development of new equipment.
C.The changes of our living habits.
D.The powerful efforts of the government.
（4）Why do investigators estimate the footprints of famous people easily？        ?
A.Because they have mastered methods.
B.Because it doesn't call for much accuracy.
C.Because famous people are easy to approach.
D.Because new technology has advanced greatly.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201825. （2024•西安中学•九模）     From the world's last seven to a global population of more than 5，000，China spent nearly 40 years bringing back crested ibises（朱鹗）from the edge of extinction.
    With its typical red crest and face，as well as a long black mouth and snow-white feathers，the crested ibis is known as "the oriental gem" in China.They were once widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting，ecological damage and increased human activities drove the birds to near extinction.
    In 1981，the entire species around the world was down to the seven crested ibises which were found only in Yangxian County，northwest China's Shaanxi Province，and deep in the Qinling Mountains，making Qinling，a natural boundary between China's north and south，the last shelter of the wild birds.
    Since 1981，the local government of Yangxian County has put forward four bans for the protection of the species，prohibiting activities including hunting in the birds' living areas，cutting down trees where they nest，using chemicals in their food-finding areas，and firing guns in their breeding（繁殖）areas.The Chinese government arranged special funds to protect the habitat of crested ibises，sealing off mountains to plant trees in the birds' living areas.China started the artificial breeding of crested ibises in 1991 and had bred more than 400 birds in Shaanxi as of last year.
    Years of constant effort have brought promising results.It is estimated that there are more than 5，000 crested ibises in the world now，and a majority of them live in Shaanxi.The bird's habitat in China has risen from less than 5 square km in 1981 to the current 15，000 square km.
    "It is lucky that the crested ibis，an ancient bird，is still flying around，" said Zan Linsen，head of the Shaanxi Academy of Forestry. "The conservation story of crested ibises not only shows us the power of ancient life，but also the necessity and urgency of ecological environment protection."

（1）Why are the Qinling Mountains so important to crested ibises？
A．They are where crested ibises were first found.
B．They used to be the last habitat of crested ibises.
C．They are the only breeding area of crested ibises.
D．They protect crested ibises from natural enemies.
（2）What can we conclude from paragraph 4？
A．Crested ibises are unlikely to be bred artificially.
B．It's legal to own hunting guns in Yangxian County.
C．Hunting has been the biggest threat to crested ibises.
D．The government plays a key role in saving crested ibises.
（3）How does Zan Linsen feel about the conservation of crested ibises？
A．Merciful and ambitious.
B．Relieved and happy.
C．Shocked and curious.
D．Sorry and regretful.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？
A．Rare animals in China：crested ibises
B．Artificial breeding of crested ibises in China
C．Endangered crested ibises making a comeback
D．Crested ibises found again in the Qinling Mountains

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201636. （2025•铁一中学•六模） The burning of coal may be falling out of favor as a means of generating heat and electricity，but that doesn't mean it no longer has valuable uses.The team of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology （KAUST） is using coal for a new economy.
   The project is led by Associate Professor Andrea Fratalocchi.While reading about challenges of ending the use of coal in power generation，Fratalocchi was struck by a novel possible use for coal. " Why don't we use coal for seawater desalination（脱盐）？" Fratalocchi recalls，still excited.Capable of taking in sunlight，the black mineral adds to the list of substances in dark colors serving the purpose，which the team is on a long-standing hunt for.
   Fralalocchi and his team began to explore the use of a material known as carbonized compressed powder（压缩粉末），also CCP，which is created by breaking coal into powder，and then pressing that powder back into a solid that has more tiny holes—it can also be made into a desired shape.The team mixed CCP with natural cotton fibers，producing a block which was then placed within a seawater-containing container，with its bottom touching water surface.While sunlight heated the black surface of the block，the inside fibers helped water flow in and through the block from the bottom.When that liquid water reached the hot surface，it turned into steam which rose and condensed（冷凝）on the inside of a specially shaped cover.That condensation then flew down the cover and was collected as fresh，drinkable water.The seawater's salt content remained behind within the CCP.A simple wash was enough to remove most of it，so the material could be reused multiple times.
   KAUST has partnered with the Dutch start-up PERA Complexity to promote the technology.The material will see its first use in a pilot plant in Brazil. "CCP is abundant in nature and reasonable to use，besides being lightweight and highly changeable，" says team member Marcella Bonifazi." The device's desalination rate per unit of raw material is two to three times higher than that of any other solar desalination system，but it produces fresh water at around one-third the expense of current state-of-the-art technologies.

（1）What has Fratalocchi's team been seeking for？
A．Fibers functioning well with CCP.
B．Green ways to desalinate seawater.
C．New industrial applications of coal.
D．Dark-colored materials for desalination.
（2）How did the seawater get into the CCP block？
A．Through the tiny holes.
B．Through CCP.
C．Through cotton fibers.
D．Through a special cover.
（3）Which feature of CCP does Marcella Bonifazi stress？
A．Being eco-friendly.
B．Being low-cost.
C．Being efficient.
D．Being flexible.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？
A．Drinkable water will be got from the sea.
B．CCP is expected to be in real-life use soon.
C．Coal finds new use in desalination technology.
D．Scientists have made a breakthrough in desalination.

共享时间:2025-05-20 难度:2 相似度:1.67

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201826. （2024•西安中学•九模） In February of 1942，Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido thought he heard thunder coming from his cornfield.However，the sound wasn't coming from the sky.The source was a large smoking break sending out gas and pushing out rocks.This opening would come to be known as the volcano Paricutin，and over the next 9 years，its lava and ash would cover over 200 square km.But where did this new volcano come from，and what caused its unpredictable eruption？
   One of the most common causes of an eruption is an increase in magmastatic（静磁）pressure.Magma（岩浆）contains various elements and compounds.At high enough concentrations，compounds like water or sulfur（硫）form high-pressure gas bubbles.When these balls of gas reach the surface，they can burst with the force of a gunshot.And when millions of bubbles explode，the energy can send ash into the air.But before they pop or burst，they act like bubbles of CO₂ in a shaken soda.
   Not all eruptions are due to rising magmastatic pressure- sometimes the weight of the rock above can become dangerously low.Landslides can remove massive quantities of rock from atop a magma chamber or room，dropping the pressure and instantly touching off an eruption.This process is known as "unloading" and it's been responsible for numerous eruptions，including the sudden explosion of Mount St.Helens in 1980.But unloading can also happen over longer periods of time due heating ice or melting glaciers.In fact，many geologists are worried that glacial melt caused by climate change could increase volcanic activity.
   Unfortunately，knowing what causes eruptions doesn't make them easy to predict.While scientists can roughly determine the strength and weight of the Earth's crust（地壳），the depth and heat of magma chambers makes measuring changes in magmastatic pressure very difficult.But volcanologists are constantly exploring new technology to overcome this rocky field.Advances in thermal imaging（热成像）have allowed scientists to detect underground hotspots.Spectrometers can analyze gases escaping magma.Hopefully，these tools will help us better understand these gas breaks and their explosive eruptions.

（1）Why does the author mention the story of a farmer in the first paragraph？
A．To show the power of volcano eruption.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To introduce the volcano Paricutin.
D．To explain the reason.
（2）What does the underlined word "they" in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．The bubbles of CO₂ .
B．The ash of the volcano.
C．Gas bubbles of compounds.
D．The elements of a soda.
（3）Which of the following is true about the eruption of Mount St.Helens？
A．Landslideould be responsible for its eruption.
B．It began to explode over a long period of time.
C．The process of "unloading" occurred after its explosion.
D．The weight of the rock above it increased as to cause its eruption.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Scientists can determine the eruption of volcano in advance.
B．It is quite difficult to measure the weight of the Earth's crust.
C．Spectrometers can help scientists to detect underground hotspots.
D．Scientists are positive about further study of volcano eruption.

共享时间:2024-06-24 难度:1 相似度:1.33

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201693. （2024•西工大附中•模拟） California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor．
    The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds．No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles．In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent．
   Many factors contributed to the decline，said Patrick Mclntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study．Woodcutters targeted big trees．Housing development pushed into the woods．Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）．
   But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development．
    The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）．
   Since the 1930s，Mclntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season．

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California．
B．The increasing variety of California big trees．
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests．
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California．
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？
A．Ecological studies of forests．
B．Banning woodcutting．
C．Limiting housing development．
D．Fire control measures．
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre？
A．Inadequate snowmelt．
B．A longer dry season．
C．A warmer climate．
D．Dampness of the air．
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon．
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick Mclntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California

共享时间:2024-03-05 难度:1 相似度:1.33

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201922. （2024•临潼区•二模）     For lots of kids，toddlerhood（幼儿期）is an important time for friendship.Studieow that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships，the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults.Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors，such as kindness，sharing，and cooperation.
    Even so，how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament.Some toddles are very social，but others are shy.In addition，the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying "I like you" during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
    This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate，they may still grab his toys，refuse to share，and get bossy.But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age.Through play experiences，toddlers learn social rules.That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines，explain the reasons behind them.
    Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （"Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？"），then suggest how he could resolve the problem（"Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball."）.When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心）toward a friend，praise him（"Ben stopped crying!You made him feel better."）.
    Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel.It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime.Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry，so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.

（1）What does the underlined word "temperament" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Appearances.
B.Ages.
C.Characters.
D.Interests.
（2）What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior？
A.They are fond of their playmates.
B.They are interested in acting.
C.They are shy with the strangers.
D.They are tired of playing games.
（3）What does the author suggest parents do for their kids？
A.Find them suitable playmates.
B.Design games for them.
C.Play together with them.
D.Help them understand social rules.
（4）What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4？
A.Explaining concepts.
B.Giving examples.
C.Providing evidence.
D.Making comparisons.

共享时间:2024-03-22 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201846. （2024•西安一中•二模）     Once known as "the sea of death"，the Taklimakan Desert has become a driving force for green development in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.In recent years，photovoltaic （光电池的） stations have been constructed and large gardens of vegetation such as roses have appeared on the outskirts of this vast desert.This transformation has positioned （使处于） the desert as a flourishing center of sustainable development.
    Under the sun's rays，rows of PV panels （面板） that generate electricity look like a blue ocean.Tian Juxiong，head of a power station in Lop County，regularly inspects these power generation systems and monitors their daily operations on the control center's screen.This station produces 360 million kWh of electricity annually and can meet the residential electricity needs of the 25.9 million residents of Xinjiang for around 10 days.Every year，it saves approximately 110，000 tonnes of standard coal and reduces 330，000 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
    The project is also equipped with an energy storage system with a capacity of 80，000 kWh.In rainy conditions when the station cannot generate electricity，the storage facility acts as a power bank，providing energy for about two hours.Most PV and wind power stations in southern Xinjiang are equipped with storage systems to ensure a stable supply of renewable energy.
    "By May，the total installed capacity for renewable energy in Xinjiang had passed 8，400 megawatts （兆瓦） and an additional 8，259 megawatts of new energy facilities are currently under construction，" according to Ding Biwei，who is responsible for grid connect ion of new energy at State Grid's Xinjiang branch.

（1）What does the underlined word "generate" in Paragraph 2 mean？        ?
A.Produce.
B.Waste.
C.Use.
D.Store.
（2）Where do people get energy in rainy conditions？        ?
A.From wind.
B.From other places.
C.From a bank.
D.From storage facility.
（3）What can we learn from Ding Biwei's words？        ?
A.Xinjiang is rich in natural resources.
B.Xinjiang has lots of renewable energy.
C.Xinjiang will be built more beautiful.
D.Xinjiang lacks new energy facilities.
（4）Where is the text most likely from？        ?
A.A travel guide.
B.A science fiction.
C.A newspaper.
D.A textbook.

共享时间:2024-03-19 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201805. （2024•西安中学•七模）     Meeting people is the first step to make friends.But how do you actually become friends with someone？Here are some useful tips.
   1.Make small talk even if you don't feel like it
    Small talk can feel false and meaningless.But it does have a purpose.By making small talk，you show that you're friendly and open to communicating.In that way，small talk helps you to make the first connection with potential new friends.If someone doesn't make any small talk，we might assume that they don't want to make friends with us，that they don't like us，or that they're in a bad mood.
   2.Figure out what you might have in common
    When you talk to someone new and realize that you have things in common，the conversation usually goes from stiff to fun and interesting.Therefore，make it a habit to find out if you have any mutual interests or something in common.You can do this by mentioning things that interest you and seeing how they react.
   3.Don't write people off until you know them
    Don't judge people too quickly.Try not to assume that they are shallow，boring，or that you have nothing to talk about.If everyone seems uninterested，it might be because you keep getting stuck in small talk.If you only make small talk，everyone soundallow.
   4.Make people like being around you
    When you try to make people like you，it will become easier for you to make friends.When you make sure that people like being around you，they will like you.If we are with someone with a positive experience，we like that person more.

（1）What is the purpose of small talk？
A.To show that you are in a good mood.
B.To show you have something in common.
C.To show you are friendly and want to talk.
D.To show you are a potential new friend.
（2）According to the passage why do you think people around you are boring？
A.Because you don't have a deep chat with them.
B.Because they have nothing in common with you.
C.Because you don't make a small talk with them.
D.Because you don't like to make friends with them.
（3）What will you do if you want to make it easier to make friends？
A.To avoid being stuck in small talk.
B.To judge people by what they do.
C.To stay with people with a positive experience.
D.To make people willing to stay with you.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201806. （2024•西安中学•七模）     Charles Darwin was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury，England.His father，a doctor，had high hopes that his son would earn a medical degree at Edinburgh University in Scotland，where he was admitted at the age of sixteen.It turned out that Darwin was more interested in natural history than medicine.While he continued his studies at Cambridge，it was his focus on natural history that became his passion.
    In 1831，Darwin set out on a voyage as a naturalist aboard a ship of the British Royal Navy，the HMS Beagle.The main purpose of the trip was to survey the coastline of South America and chart its harbors to make better maps of the region.
    Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants，animals，rocks，and fossils.He explored regions in Brazil，Argentina，Chile，and remote islands such as the Galápagos.He packed all of his samples into large wooden containers and sent them back to England aboard other large ships.
    Upon his return to England in 1836，Darwin's work continued.Studies of his samples and notes from the trip led to groundbreaking scientific discoveries.Fossils he collected led to advances in the understanding of the processes that shape the Earth's surface.Darwin's analysis of the plants and animals he gathered led him to question how species form and change over time.This work convinced him of the insight that he is most famous for —natural selection.The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive in their environment and pass on their genes to the next generation when they inherit traits from their parents that are best suited for that specific environment.In this way，such traits become more widespread in the species and can lead eventually to the development of a new species.
    In 1859，Darwin published his thoughts about evolution and natural selection in On the Origin of Species.The book convinced many people that species change over time —a lot of time—suggesting that the planet was much older than what was commonly believed at the time：six thousand years.
    Charles Darwin died in 1882 at the age of seventy-three.He is buried in Westminster Abbey in London，England.

（1）What is the purpose of Paragraph 1？
A.To show his educational level.
B.To stress his father's influence on him.
C.To pave the way for his future study of nature.
D.To introduce his family background.
（2）What was Charles Darwin's attitude to his job as naturalist？
A.Boring.
B.Enthusiastic.
C.Unclear.
D.Disappointing.
（3）What kind of animal is more likely to survive according to natural selection？
A.An animal that can pass on its genes to the next generation.
B.An animal that can lead to the development of a new kind of species.
C.An animal that receives its parents' features fit for the specific environment.
D.An animal whose parents teach it to survive from the specific environment.
（4）What is this text mainly about？
A.The process of Darwin's voyage.
B.All the research results in Darwin's life.
C.The birth of Darwin's theory of natural selection.
D.Darwin's talent for studying natural history.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201807. （2024•西安中学•七模）     Harvard scientists have engineered a group of fish that swims autonomously.Researchers say the experiment could advance pacemaker（起搏器） technology and improve the development of artificial hearts for humans.
    Researchers built the fish using paper，two parts of heart muscle tissue —one on the left side and one on the right —and a plastic fin.A contraction on one side caused the muscle on the other side to stretch.The stretching then caused those cells to contract，which moved the tail from side to side and allowed it to swim on its own.The muscle cells were from human stem cells.The researchers also engineered an autonomous pacing node，which acted like a pacemaker by controlling the rhythm and frequency of the contractions.
    The fish moved autonomously for over 108 days，which is equal to 38 million beats，the study states.Because heart cells constantly rebuild themselves，which takes about 20 days，the fish cells rebuilt themselves a total of about five times over，says Kit Parker，a professor from Harvard University who led the research.
    Years ago，Parker was disappointed with the state of heart treatment. "It occurred to me in 2007 that we might have failed to understand the fundamental laws of muscular pumps，" he said in a 2012 statement.Then，on a trip to the museum with his daughter，he spotted a special fish. "I'm looking at it，thinking， 'It pumps，it looks like a heart pump，and I could build that thing.'" In 2012，his team created a fish that swam using rat heart cells，and then a ray fish with rat heart cells in 2016.
    Though the researchers say the fish is a step forward for heart research，it could be years before it leads to the creation of an artificial heart，says Michael Schneider，a professor at Imperial College London，who wasn't involved in the study.But that doesn't dismay Parker. "I think other methods will be faster than us，" says Parker. "But in the long run，creating tissue that relies on the patient's own cells could offer unexpected benefits."

（1）What made the fish swim autonomously in the experiment？
A.The special paper.
B.The push of the fin.
C.Muscle contractions.
D.The support of the tail.
（2）What result probably impressed the researchers most？
A.The power of the pacing node.
B.The swimming speed of the fish.
C.The fish's lasting swimming time.
D.The rhythm of the fish's movement.
（3）Why is Parker's trip to the museum mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A.It gave Parker a good memory.
B.It made Parker find inspiration.
C.It removed Parker's disappointment.
D.It introduced Parker to a special fish.
（4）What does the underlined word "dismay" mean in the last paragraph？
A.Depress.
B.Annoy.
C.Embarrass.
D.Relieve.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201808. （2024•西安中学•七模）     In a new study，researchers found that invasive insects in the United States could kill approximately 1.4 million urban trees by 2050，which would cost over ＄900 million to replace，reports Vishwam Sankaran for the Independent.
    Hot spots predicted to have the most urban tree mortality（死亡率） were Milwaukee，Wisconsin；Chicago，Illinois；and New York，New York.The study，published in the Journal of Applied Ecology，is the first nationwide forecast of street tree mortality from invasive insects.
    The emerald ash borer is an invasive beetle native to Asia.It was first detected in 2002 in southeastern Michigan，and experts suspect it was brought into the United States on wood packing material carried on cargo ships or airplanes traveling from Asia.Since then，the bug has been damaging ash trees.In the last two decades since the insect was first detected，numerous trees have been killed in North America.
    Data collected from 30，000 communities across the country was used to estimate tree mortality in the next 30 years.The researchers combined this data with a model that predicted the spread of 57 different invasive insect species.Their resultow emerald ash borers alone could cause 90% of the estimated 1.4 million tree deaths.Ash borers are already predicted to "kill virtually all ash trees" in over 6，000 urban areas，according to Newsweek.
    Less than 25% of 30，000 urban areas in the U.S.are expected to experience 95% of all street-tree mortality，reports Adam Barnes for the Hill.The areas that will experience the most tree loss include cities in the Midwest and East Coast.These locations are expected to have the most tree loss because large numbers of ash trees occupy the streets and parks in these areas，reported the Independent.
    When it comes to how to save urban areas from becoming treeless，study author Emma Hudgins，a biologist at McGill University，says， "These results can hopefully provide a cautionary tale against planting a single species of tree throughout entire cities，as has been done with ash trees in North America.Planting various trees provides resilience against pest infestations（侵扰）."

（1）What can we know about the emerald ash borer？
A.It is an invasive beetle in Asia.
B.It was first found by the Michigan people.
C.It has killed numerous trees in America.
D.They definitely enter the U.S.by cargo ships or airplanes.
（2）What is the fourth paragraph intended to describe？
A.The purpose of the research.
B.The conclusion of the research.
C.The significance of the research.
D.The process and result of the research.
（3）What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph？
A.Pest infestations are taking place across the country.
B.The insect's invasion won't spread equally in America.
C.Tree loss is the main cause of environmental problems.
D.Ash trees are being removed from many areas in the U.S.
（4）What suggestion does Emma Hudgins provide？
A.Getting different types of trees planted.
B.Replacing foreign trees with local ones.
C.Getting more trees planted in more areas.
D.Planting trees resistant to pest infestations.

共享时间:2024-06-08 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201948. （2023•周至县•三模） A smile is the key to a thousand doors，but deploying （有效利用）it in every situation without mastery of its use is dangerous，says a new social science study.
   Scientists say it takes a great many muscles to smile；scientists at Queen's University Belfast in a recent study found that subtle（细微的）differences in the way in which a person smiled had not-so-subtle impacts on the opinions which the test participants had about the smiler. "Smiling at another person does not always lead to trust and cooperation，" said Dr.Stephanie Carpenter from the University of Michigan，a co-author of the study. "Subtle differences in a smile can definitely have a real impact on whether people trust each other and choose to cooperate.In fact，the way you smile in a good or bad situation can impact whether people trust you.
   "Think about movie villains（恶棍），for example in James Bond films，" said Dr.Magdalena Rychlowska from Queen's University，who led the research published in Cognition and Emotion journal. "They often make happy smiles when something bad has happened or is about to happen.This context makes these otherwise happy and normal smiles feel threatening and unpleasant." She adds，"The findings of this study show the power of subtle facial expressions and the positive consequences that an affiliation smile can have in difficult situations.It also highlights the importance of social context-a happy smile that could be read as a signal of trustworthiness in one setting can，but in another setting，it can be seen as the evidence of bad intentions."
   Mastery of the smile then，can be an excellent way of getting out of difficult social situations，while the lack thereof can be an excellent way of getting into one.

（1）Which of the following about smiling is right according to the passage？
A．Deploying smiling is very dangerous in every situation.
B．Subtle difference in smiling has little impact.
C．The way you smile will impact whether you can be trusted.
D．Smiling will always lead to trust and cooperation.
（2）How did the author explain subtle differences in a smile？
A．By using numbers and giving examples.
B．By giving examples and citing scientific proof.
C．By giving examples and making a comparison.
D．By making a comparison and citing scientific proof.
（3）What can be learn from the study of smiling？
A．A happy smile can always be read as a signal of trustworthiness.
B．People always make happy smiles when something bad has happened.
C．Mastering the smile can help you avoid troubles.
D．Subtle facial expressions have positive consequences.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．The advantages of smiling
B．The impact of smiling
C．A trusting smile
D．Subtle differences in smiling

共享时间:2023-04-15 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201941. （2023•西安四十八中•一模） Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue，but these gains are fragile，a new study suggests.Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.
   "It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it，" said Thomas Wood，associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. "But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people's frame of reference very quickly."
   Resultowed that accurate science reporting didn't persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinionifted by reading accurate articles.The study involved 2，898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.
   In the first wave，they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change.In the second and third waves，they read either another scientific article，an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science，or an article on an unrelated subjeet.In the fourth wave，the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.
   To rate participants' scientific understanding.the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause.To measure their attitudes，researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.
   "What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again.If they only hear it once，it recedes very quickly，" Wood said.It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups，including those who originally rejected climate change.But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.

（1）What does the underlined word "recedes" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Increases.
B．Graduates.
C．Disappears.
D．Strikes.
（2）What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us？
A．The research object.
B．The research result.
C．The research purpose.
D．The research procedure.
（3）Why did researchers ask participants the second question？
A．To survey the government's satisfaction rate.
B．To make an assessment on their attitudes.
C．To teach them scientific understanding.
D．To measure action on climate change.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds
B．Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment
C．Accurate Science Reporting Don't Persuade Only Politicians
D．People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change

共享时间:2023-03-01 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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201864. （2024•西安一中•三模）     The 2023 EF English Proficiency （水平） Index （EPI） that measures English language ability worldwide shows a worrying problem about English language proficiency.The index is based on test results from 2.2 million people in 113 countries.
    Results were reported for the first time in 2015.Since then，the English proficiency of young people has decreased by 89 points.The EPI defines young people as being 18 to 20 years of age，and it notes that they are mostly stable with big decreases in a few large countries.India，Indonesia and Mexico showed the largest ability decreases among youth.
    The report noted that the decrease appears to have taken place when the COVID-19 pandemic impacts normal education.There has been a decrease in Mexico for nearly 10 years.However，working adults，about 26 years old and older，have been improving their English since 2015.It is still widely acknowledged that the value of a shared language is most recognized in the workplace.English creates possibilities for individuals and productivity for organizations.
    Results also show a difference between men and women，which is called a gender gap.Men's English ability has improved by 14 points since 2015，while women's has decreased by 19 points.The lack of women in international jobs is one reason for the gender gap.But the gender gap among those aged 18 to 25 might demonstrate a problem caused by educational systems themselves or a social problem schools are failing to address.
    There are different opinions about why the decrease exists.Many people think artificial intelligence （or AI） tools could also be a key reason.Jeannie Tse is a country manager at EF Hong Kong and Macau.He thinks that while AI has changed the way young people work and learn，the importance of schools，teachers and face-to-face instruction remains. "I don't believe that AI can completely replace language learning，but educators can use AI to enhance language learning methods，" said Jeannie Tse.

（1）Why are working adults trying to improve their English？        ?
A．To increase their income and knowledge.
B．To be involved in better working environment.
C．To obtain more chances and better working efficiency.
D．To create a harmonious working environment for themselves.
（2）What can we learn from paragraph 4？        ?
A．Most women don't like international jobs.
B．Educational systems contribute to the gender gap in English proficiency.
C．Women's English proficiency decreases with age.
D．There widely exists the phenomenon of discrimination against women.
（3）What's Jeannie Tse's attitude to the role of AI and face-to-face teaching？        ?
A．Objective.
B．Positive.
C．Uncertain.
D．Uncaring.
（4）What is a suitable title for the text？        ?
A．Young People's Attitudes towards English Vary
B．English Learning Has Become a Burden Worldwide
C．Results from a Report Show some Alarming Problems
D．Young People's English Language Ability Is Decreasing

共享时间:2024-04-05 难度:2 相似度:0.83

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2020-02-02

高中英语 | 高三上 | 阅读理解

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